Detection of bacterial spores with lanthanide-macrocycle binary complexes

The detection of bacterial spores via dipicolinate-triggered lanthanide luminescence has been improved in terms of detection limit, stability, and susceptibility to interferents by use of lanthanide−macrocycle binary complexes. Specifically, we compared the effectiveness of Sm, Eu, Tb, and Dy complexes with the macrocycle 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diacetate (DO2A) to the corresponding lanthanide aquo ions. The Ln(DO2A)^+ binary complexes bind dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major constituent of bacterial spores, with greater affinity and demonstrate significant improvement in bacterial spore detection. Of the four luminescent lanthanides studied, the terbium complex exhibits the greatest dipicolinate binding affinity (100-fold greater than Tb^(3+) alone, and 10-fold greater than other Ln(DO2A)^+ complexes) and highest quantum yield. Moreover, the inclusion of DO2A extends the pH range over which Tb−DPA coordination is stable, reduces the interference of calcium ions nearly 5-fold, and mitigates phosphate interference 1000-fold compared to free terbium alone. In addition, detection of Bacillus atrophaeus bacterial spores was improved by the use of Tb(DO2A)^+, yielding a 3-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio over Tb^(3+). Out of the eight cases investigated, the Tb(DO2A)^+ binary complex is best for the detection of bacterial spores

Brotherton Collection MS 501 : a Middle English anthology reconsidered

Brotherton Collection MS 501, in Leeds University Library, is a fifteenth-century anthology of Middle English religious verse and prose, best known for the Prick of Conscience with which it begins. It received its first proper description in 1952,' and it has recently been described in detail by Ralph Hanna (1982) and N. R. Ker (1983).2 Nevertheless the published descriptions are unsatisfactory in one way or another, and the manuscript's special character has not been brought out

Area estimation of environmental phenomena from NOAA-n satellite data

A technique for documenting changes in size of NOAA-n pixels in order to calibrate the data for use in performing area calculations is described. Based on Earth-satellite geometry, a function for calculating the effective pixel size, measured in terms of ground area, on any given pixel was derived. The equation is an application of the law of sines plus an arclength formula. Effective pixel dimensions for NOAA 6 and 7 satellites for all pixels between nadir and the extreme view angles are presented. The NOAA 6 data were used to estimate the areas of several lakes, with an accuracy within 5%. Sources of error are discussed

Zur textkonstituierenden und didaktischen Funktion des Proverbiums im Äsop-Kapitel des ›Liber de moribus‹

Es liegt nahe, dass das Äsop-Kapitel des ›Liber de moribus egregiisque dictis omnium philosophorum et poetarum‹, der philosophiegeschichtlichen Enzyklopädie eines anonymen Bearbeiters, das Interesse der Fabelforschung gefunden hat: Der Fabelbestand ist verzeichnet im Katalog von Gerd Dicke und Klaus Grubmüller. Hier findet sich auch der wichtige Hinweis darauf, dass die Fabelepimythien regelmäßig einen „Sentenzeneinschub“ enthalten. Versucht man, die Sentenzen zu identifizieren, so zeigt sich bald, dass sie, nicht selten versatzstückartig integriert, verschiedenen lateinischen Proverbiensammlungen und Spruchcorpora zuzuordnen sind und (nicht nur) mit Blick auf überlieferungsgeschichtliche Zusammenhänge eine lohnende Quelle für die Parömiologie bilden. Anknüpfend an die Forschung zum Verhältnis von Fabel und Sprichwort bzw. Fabel und Proverbium, möchte der vorliegende Beitrag anhand des Äsop-Kapitels des ›Liber de moribus‹ darlegen, inwiefern die Interferenz von Fabel- und Proverbiensammlung textgenerierende Funktion im Sinne einer produktiven Textkompilation besitzen kann