Forest Charges and Trusts: Shared Benefits with Clear Responsibilities

This paper examines the Community-Based Forest Management Program (CBFM) and Industrial Forest Management Agreements (IFMA) within the context of efficient forest management. Investigation on ways of accomplishing the objectives of the agency, community and commercial forestry in decreased costs is conducted. Results show a need for DENR’s redirection of financial and human resources to focus on critical environmental tasks. Focus on higher-value timber opportunities can increase the potential for sustainable management and increase in the government revenue collection.forestry sector, rent and fee

R&D Gaps in the Philippines

Based on the chain of causality, R&D translates to innovation and to productivity/ technological progress, which ultimately leads to economic growth and prosperity. There exists a strong empirical support to positive relationship between effort levels in R&D and productivity. The objective of this paper is to determine and estimate the gaps in Philippine R&D. Given the causality chain, the paper tries to identify the amount of corresponding/mandatory increase in research and development. It estimates the investment gaps using growth regression model involving total factor productivity of different countries on the one hand and the research and development expenditure and research and development manpower, on the other. On the basis of the frontier generated from the regression, Philippine R&D gap is computed. Results support the general conclusion of high rate of return to research and development. Results generated in this paper provide some policy insights regarding R&D in investments.research and development sector, total factor productivity, investment gaps, increasing returns to scale

Quantising the B=2 and B=3 Skyrmion systems

We examine the quantisation of a collective Hamiltonian for the two-baryon system derived by us in a previous paper. We show that by increasing the sophistication of the approximations we can obtain a bound state - or a resonance - not too far removed from the threshold with the quantum numbers of the deuteron. The energy of this state is shown to depend very sensitively on the parameters of the model. Subsequently we construct part of a collective Hamiltonian for the three baryon system. Large-amplitude quantum fluctuations play an important r\^ole in the intrinsic wave function of the ground-state, changing its symmetry from octahedral to cubic. Apart from the tetrahedron describing the minimum of the potential, we identify a ``doughnut'' and a ``pretzel'' as the most important saddle points in the potential energy surface. We show that it is likely that inclusion of fluctuations through these saddle points lead to an energy close to the triton's value.Comment: 32 pages, 19 Postscript figures, uses epsfig.sty and elsart.st

Sharp bounds on the number of solutions of X2−(a2+b2)Y4=−b2X^{2}-\left( a^{2}+b^{2} \right) Y^{4}=-b^{2}

We generalise and improve a result of Stoll, Walsh and Yuan by showing that there are at most two solutions in coprime positive integers of the equation in the title when $b=p^{m}$ where $m$ is a non-negative integer, $p$ is prime, $(a,p)=1$, $a^{2}+p^{2m}$ not a perfect square and $x^{2}- \left( a^{2}+p^{2m} \right) y^{2}=-1$ has an integer solution. This result is best possible. We also obtain best possible results for all positive integer solutions when $m=1$ and $2$. When $b$ is an arbitrary square with $(a,b)=1$ and $a^{2}+b^{2}$ not a perfect square, we are able to prove there are at most three solutions in coprime positive integers provided $x^{2}- \left( a^{2}+b^{2} \right) y^{2}=-1$ has an integer solution and $x^{2}- \left( a^{2}+b^{2} \right) y^{2}=-b^{2}$ has only one family of solutions. Our proof is based on a novel use of the hypergeometric method that may also be useful for other problems.Comment: first draft for CNTA 2018. Comments welcome