Indicator bacteria community in seawater and coastal sediment: the Persian Gulf as a case.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The aim of present work was to assess the concentration levels as well as vertical distribution of indicator bacteria including total coliform, fecal coliform, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) in the marine environment (seawater and coastal sediments) and evaluate the correlation between indicator bacteria and some physicochemical parameters of surface sediments as well as seawaters. METHODS: A total number of 48 seawater and sediment samples were taken from 8 stations (each site 6 times with an interval time of 2 weeks) between June and September 2014. Seawater and sediment samples were collected from 30 cm under the surface samples and different sediment depths (0, 4, 7, 10, 15, and 20 cm) respectively, along the Persian Gulf in Bushehr coastal areas. RESULTS: Based on the results, the average numbers of bacterial indicators including total coliform, fecal coliform, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as HPC in seawater samples were 1238.13, 150.87, 8.22 MPN/100 ml and 1742.91 CFU/ml, respectively, and in sediment samples at different depths (from 0-20 cm) varied between 25 × 103 to 51.67 × 103, 5.63 × 103 to 12.46 × 103, 17.33 to 65 MPN/100 ml, 36 × 103 to 147.5 × 103 CFU/ml, respectively. There were no statistically significant relationships between the indicator organism concentration levels with temperature as well as pH value of seawater. A reverse correlation was found between the level of indicator bacteria and salinity of seawater samples. Also results revealed that the sediment texture influenced abundance of indicators bacteria in sediments. As the concentration levels of indicators bacteria were higher in muddy sediments compare with sandy ones. CONCLUSION: Result conducted Bushehr coastal sediments constitute a reservoir of indicator bacteria, therefore, whole of the indicators determined were distinguished to be present in higher levels in sediments than in the overlying seawater. It was concluded that the concentration levels of microbial indicators decreased with depth in sediments. Except total coliform, the numbers of other bacteria including fecal coliform, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and HPC bacteria significantly declined in the depth between 10 and 15 cm

A new bioindicator, shell of Trachycardium lacunosum, and sediment samples to monitors metals (Al, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Co, Cr and Cu) in marine environment: The Persian Gulf as a case

Background: The present work was designed to detect heavy metal contents of Al, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Co, Cr and Cu in sediments and shells of the Trachycardium lacunosum collected in polluted and unpolluted areas along the Persian Gulf. Methods: The samples were taken from surface sediments (0-10 cm) and shells of Trachycardium lacunosum in two separated areas (polluted and unpolluted) in northern part of the Persian Gulf, Asaluyeh Bay, during summer 2013. The prepared samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results: Based on the results, all measured metals including Al, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Co, Cr and Cu were meaningfully higher in the sediment samples of polluted area compared to unpolluted area and the order of metal concentrations in the sediment samples were Cr > Co > V > Ni > Zn > Cu > Fe > Al > Mn in polluted area. In the case of shell samples of Trachycardium lacunosum, polluted area contained significantly higher contents of Al, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr and Cu compared to unpolluted area and the order of metal concentrations in the shell samples were Fe > Zn > Al > Mn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Co in the polluted area. Conclusion: It was concluded that shells of the Trachycardium lacunosum can be used as a suitable bioindicator for heavy metals in the aquatic environment. Results confirmed that due to the possible contaminations by oil and gas activities near the polluted area perennial monitoring and mitigation measures is extremely necessary. Keywords: Aquatic Organisms, Environmental Monitoring, Geologic Sediments, Metals, Persian Gulf, Trachycardium lacunosum, Toxicolog

The Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Social Self-Efficacy in Adolescents with Epilepsy

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy in adolescents with epilepsy. This applied research was a quasi-experimental with pretest/posttest design and a control group. The study population consists of 8,000 children and adolescents with epilepsy in Guilan Province, and the research sample consisted of 30 boys with epilepsy aged between 15 and 18 years who were referred to Rasht medical centers in 2021, selected by purposive and available methods considering entry and baseline conditions, and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P) and the Social Self-Efficacy Scale (SSES) were used for data collection before and after treatment. The 8 sessions of ACT were conducted for the experimental group. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 software and analysis of covariance. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that ACT improved cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy in adolescents with epilepsy (P<0.001). Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the acceptance and engagement-based intervention can be used as one of the treatment strategies to improve the mental health indicators of people with epilepsy

A systematic review of how emotional self-awareness is defined and measured when comparing autistic and non-autistic groups

We would like to sincerely thank all the authors who shared their data with us. We would also like to thank Ira Lesser, Taylor Graeme, and Arvid Heiberg for kindly sharing their articles for the historical review. Review was conduced as part of CFH's PhD studies. We would like to thank the Northwood Trust, UK for their financial support for this research. Research data available upon request from first author.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Virtual Education of Students during Coronavirus 2019 Epidemic: Problems and solutions

The article's abstract is not available.</jats:p

The Problems of Reopening Schools during the Coronavirus 2019 Epidemic

The article's abstract is not available.  </jats:p