Mayle v. Felix

Following his murder conviction, Felix filed a pro se habeas petition alleging Sixth Amendment violations at trial The petition was filed within the one-year Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act deadline. He was later appointed counsel, who filed an amended petition alleging Fifth Amendment violations; but that petition was filed five months after the AEDPA deadline had passed. The Court held that the amended petition was not saved by the Relation Back doctrine because it did not share with the earlier claims a common core of operative facts

Mayle v. Felix

Following his murder conviction, Felix filed a pro se habeas petition alleging Sixth Amendment violations at trial The petition was filed within the one-year Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act deadline. He was later appointed counsel, who filed an amended petition alleging Fifth Amendment violations; but that petition was filed five months after the AEDPA deadline had passed. The Court held that the amended petition was not saved by the Relation Back doctrine because it did not share with the earlier claims a common core of operative facts

Generic gauge fields in the Hubbard model: emergence of pairing interaction

The spin-rotationally invariant SU(2) approach to the Hubbard model is extended to accommodate the charge degrees of freedom. Both U(1) and SU(2) gauge transformation are useed to factorize the charge and spin contribution to the original electron operator in terms of the emergent gauge fields. It is shown that these fields play a similar role as phonons in the BCS theory: they provide the "glue" for fermion pairing. By tracing out gauge bosons the form of paired states is established and the role of antiferromagnetic correlations is explicated.Comment: 4+ page

When Rational Reasoners Reason Differently

Different people reason differently, which means that sometimes they reach different conclusions from the same evidence. We maintain that this is not only natural, but rational. In this essay we explore the epistemology of that state of affairs. First we will canvass arguments for and against the claim that rational methods of reasoning must always reach the same conclusions from the same evidence. Then we will consider whether the acknowledgment that people have divergent rational reasoning methods should undermine one’s confidence in one’s own reasoning. Finally we will explore how agents who employ distinct yet equally rational methods of reasoning should respond to interactions with the products of each others’ reasoning. We find that the epistemology of multiple reasoning methods has been misunderstood by a number of authors writing on epistemic permissiveness and peer disagreement

Pollinators In Peril: A Systematic Status Review of North American and Hawaiian Native Bees

While the decline of European honeybees in the United States and beyond has been well publicized in recent years, the more than 4,000 species of native bees in North America and Hawaii have been much less documented. Although these native bees are not as well known as honeybees, they play a vital role in functioning ecosystems and also provide more than $3 billion dollars in fruit-pollination services each year just in the United States.For this first-of-its-kind analysis, the Center for Biological Diversity conducted a systematic review of the status of all 4,337 North American and Hawaiian native bees.For this report we assembled a list of all valid native bee species and their current conservation status as established by state, federal or independent researchers. We then conducted a comprehensive review of all literature on those species as well as records documenting their occurrence. From that research we identified those bees with sufficient data to assess their status, including current and historical range, behavioral observations and studies, arriving at the first comprehensive analysis of the status of North American and Hawaiian native bees.We also highlight five native solitary bee species that are seriously imperiled. These remarkable, underappreciated pollinators offer a snapshot of the threats driving the alarming declines in many native bee species — declines that must be reversed to save these irreplaceable native bees and the health of the ecosystems that depend on them