Who is coming from Vanuatu to New Zealand under the new Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) program?

New Zealand’s new Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) program allows workers from the Pacific Islands to come to New Zealand for up to seven months to work in the horticulture and viticulture industries. One of the explicit objectives of the program is to encourage economic development in the Pacific. In this paper we report on the results of a baseline survey taken in Vanuatu, which allows us to examine who wants to participate in the program, and who is selected amongst those interested. We find the main participants are males in their late 20s to early 40s, most of whom are married and have children. Most workers are subsistence farmers in Vanuatu and have not completed more than 10 years of schooling. Such workers would be unlikely to be accepted under existing migration channels. Nevertheless, we find RSE workers from Vanuatu to come from wealthier households, and have better English literacy and health than individuals not applying for the program. Lack of knowledge about the policy and the costs of applying appear to be the main barriers preventing poorer individuals applying

Two-photon excitation of nitric oxide fluorescence as a temperature indicator in unsteady gas-dynamic processes

A laser induced fluorescence technique, suitable for measuring fluctuating temperatures in cold turbulent flows containing very low concentrations of nitric oxide is described. Temperatures below 300 K may be resolved with signal to noise ratios greater than 50 to 1 using high peak power, tunable dye lasers. The method relies on the two photon excitation of selected ro-vibronic transitions. The analysis includes the effects of fluorescence quenching and shows the technique to be effective at all densities below ambient. Signal to noise ratio estimates are based on a preliminary measurement of the two photon absorptivity for a selected rotational transition in the NO gamma (0,0) band

Antiferromagnetism and Superconductivity in layered organic conductors: Variational cluster approach

The $\kappa$-(ET)$_2$X layered conductors (where ET stands for BEDT-TTF) are studied within the dimer model as a function of the diagonal hopping $t^\prime$ and Hubbard repulsion $U$. Antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity are investigated at zero temperature using variational cluster perturbation theory (V-CPT). For large $U$, N\'eel antiferromagnetism exists for $t' < t'_{c2}$, with $t'_{c2}\sim 0.9$. For fixed $t'$, as $U$ is decreased (or pressure increased), a $d_{x^2-y^2}$ superconducting phase appears. When $U$ is decreased further, the a $d_{xy}$ order takes over. There is a critical value of $t'_{c1}\sim 0.8$ of $t'$ beyond which the AF and dSC phases are separated by Mott disordered phase.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Investigation of the d_xy phase added + discussion of gap symmetr

Optical measurements of fluctuating temperatures in a supersonic turbulent flow using one- and two-photon, laser-induced fluorescence

A laser-induced fluorescence technique was developed that provides a practical means of nonintrusively measuring the instantaneous temperatures in low-temperature turbulent flows. The capabilities of the method are reviewed, and its application to a simple, two-dimensional, turbulent boundary-layer flow at Mach 2 is reported. Measurements of the average temperature distribution through the boundary layer and the magnitudes of temperature fluctuations about their average values are presented

The two-photon absorptivity of rotational transitions in the A2 Sigma hyperon + (v prime = O) - X-2 pion (v prime prime = O) gamma band of nitric oxide

A predominantly single-mode pulsed dye laser system giving a well characterized spatial and temporal output suitable for absolute two-photon absorptivity measurements was used to study the NO gamma(0,0) S11 + R21 (J double prime = 7-1/2) transition. Using a calibrated induced-fluorescence technique, an absorptivity parameter of 2.8 + or - 1.4 x 10 to the minus 51st power cm to the 6th power was obtained. Relative strengths of other rotational transitions in the gamma(0,0) band were also measured and shown to compare well with predicted values in all cases except the O12 (J double prime = 10-1/2) transition

Multi-Symplectic Magnetohydrodynamics: II, Addendum and Erratum

A recent paper arXiv:1312.4890 on multi-symplectic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) using Clebsch variables in an Eulerian action principle with constraints is further extended. We relate a class of symplecticity conservation laws to a vorticity conservation law, and provide a corrected form of the Poincar\'e-Cartan differential form formulation of the system. We also correct some typographical errors (omissions) in arXiv:1312.4890. We show that the vorticity-symplecticity conservation law, that arises as a compatibility condition on the system, expressed in terms of the Clebsch variables is equivalent to taking the curl of the conservation form of the MHD momentum equation. We use the Cartan-Poincar\'e form to obtain a class of differential forms that represent the system using Cartan's geometric theory of partial differential equations.Comment: 12 page

Quantum entanglement and fixed-point bifurcations

How does the classical phase space structure for a composite system relate to the entanglement characteristics of the corresponding quantum system? We demonstrate how the entanglement in nonlinear bipartite systems can be associated with a fixed point bifurcation in the classical dynamics. Using the example of coupled giant spins we show that when a fixed point undergoes a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation, the corresponding quantum state - the ground state - achieves its maximum amount of entanglement near the critical point. We conjecture that this will be a generic feature of systems whose classical limit exhibits such a bifurcation.Comment: v2: Structure of the paper changed for clarity, reduced length, now 9 pages with 6 figure

The importance of GRM gravity observations in continental regions

Altimetric satellites showed the existence of gravity anomalies with wavelengths between 1500 km and 3000 km which correlated with residual depth anomalies. It was suggested that there is also an even smaller scale convective circulation with a wavelength of less than 500 km. Numerical experiments and SEASAT profiles demonstrate that similar small scale circulation must also exist near fracture zones. The mantle therefore must contain at least three scales of circulation: (1) comparable to the plate dimensions, the large scale circulation, which returns material from the Island arcs to the ridges; (2) an intermediate scale comparable to the depth of the upper mantle; and (3) a small scale comparable to the thickness of the asthenosphere. This picture was established by observations of gravity and bathymetry in oceanic regions

The variety generated by order algebras

Every ordered set can be considered as an algebra in a natural way. We investigate the variety generated by order algebras. We prove, among other things, that this variety is not finitely based and, although locally finite, it is not contained in any finitely generated variety; we describe the bottom of the lattice of its subvarieties

Comparison of the phase diagram of the half-filled layered organic superconductors with the phase diagram of the RVB theory of the Hubbard-Heisenberg model

We present an resonating valence bond (RVB) theory of superconductivity for the Hubbard--Heisenberg model on an anisotropic triangular lattice. We show that these calculations are consistent with the observed phase diagram of the half-filled layered organic superconductors, such as the beta, beta', kappa and lambda phases of (BEDT-TTF)_2X [bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] and (BETS)_2X [bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene]. We find a first order transition from a Mott insulator to a d_{x^2-y^2} superconductor with a small superfluid stiffness and a pseudogap with d_{x^2-y^2} symmetry. The Mott--Hubbard transition can be driven either by increasing the on-site Coulomb repulsion, U, or by changing the anisotropy of the two hopping integrals, t'/t. Our results suggest that the ratio t'/t plays an important role in determining the phase diagram of the organic superconductors.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figur