Blue carbon NAMA : conserve and restore mangroves in the Dominican Republic

This factsheet contains a description of the «Blue Carbon NAMA (Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action): Conserve and Restore Mangroves in the Dominican Republic». The primary goal of this NAMA is to restore and conserve mangroves in the Dominican Republic. By doing so, the country will be able to sequester and store substantial carbon and reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere. The series of NAMA profile is produced by the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) and Registry Unit of the non-Annex I Support Sub-Programme of the Mitigation, Data and Analysis Programme (MDA) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat based on the information recorded by Parties in the NAMA registry. The objective of NAMA profile is to enhance visibility of NAMA which increases probability for obtaining international support and encourages similar mitigation actions in the developing countries

Report on the technical assessment of the proposed forest reference level of the Dominican Republic submitted in 2020

This report covers the technical assessment of the voluntary submission of the Dominican Republic on its proposed forest reference level (FRL) in accordance with decision 13/CP.19 and in the context of results-based payments. The FRL proposed by the Dominican Republic covers the activities reducing emissions from deforestation, reducing emissions from forest degradation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks, which are among the activities included in decision 1/CP.16, paragraph 70. For its submission, the Dominican Republic developed a national FRL. The FRL presented in the original submission, for the reference period 2006–2015, corresponds to 6,534,106 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year. As a result of the facilitative process during the technical assessment, the FRL was modified to 2,200,494 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year. The assessment team notes that the data and information used by the Dominican Republic in constructing its FRL are transparent, complete and in overall accordance with the guidelines contained in the annex to decision 12/CP.17. This report contains the assessed FRL and a few areas identified by the assessment team for future technical improvement in accordance with the provisions on the scope of the technical assessment contained in the annex to decision 13/CP.19

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of the Dominican Republic submitted on 21 May 2020

According to decision 2/CP.17, paragraph 41(a), Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention, consistently with their capabilities and the level of support provided for reporting, were to submit their first biennial update report by December 2014. As mandated, the least developed country Parties and small island developing States may submit biennial update reports at their discretion. This summary report presents the results of the technical analysis of the first biennial update report of the Dominican Republic, conducted by a team of technical experts in accordance with the modalities and procedures contained in the annex to decision 20/CP.19

Are we willing to give what it takes? Willingness to pay for climate change adaptation in developing countries

Climate change adaptation is gaining traction as a necessary policy alongside mitigation, particularly for developing countries, many of which lack the resources to adapt. However, funding for developing country adaptation remains woefully inadequate. This paper identifies the burden of responsibility that individuals in the UK are willing to incur in support of adaptation projects in developing countries. Results from a nationally representative survey indicate that UK residents are willing to contribute £27 per year (or a median of £6 per year) towards developing country adaptation (US$30 and$7 using the World Bank’s purchasing power conversion factors). This represents less than one third of the back-of-the-envelope $100-140 per capita per year that the authors estimate would be needed to raise the$70-100bn per year recommended by the World Bank to fund developing country adaptation. Regressions indicate that WTP is driven mostly by a combination of beliefs and perceptions about one’s own knowledge levels, rather than actual knowledge of climate change. We conclude that, to engage the many different audiences that make up the ‘public’, communication efforts must move beyond the simple provision of information and instead, connect with people’s existing values and beliefs

Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis on Climate Adaptation Assessment in the Context of Least Developed Countries

The developing countries are suffering the most because of climatic variability and they have an enormous backlog in basic infrastructure to protect their cities. In addition, the resources and technical expertise are limited. Therefore, the adaptation measures to protect their cities are needed to be planned and prioritized carefully to reduce the vulnerability simultaneously considering the risk reduction, local constraints and development goals. A framework for prioritization of adaptation measures is lacking in the decision making in this context which could immensely assist in informed and structured decisions during the planning process of adaptation strategies in developing countries. This paper is exploring the potential of Multi-Criteria Analysis as a methodology for climate adaptation assessment in order to prioritize the adaptation measures to be undertaken. Hence in this paper Adaptation assessment is conducted within the framework of Multi-Criteria Analysis methodology which allows both normative judgement and technical expertise in the assessment process. Such a participatory integrated assessment of adaptation options is a new approach in flood management in least developed countries. The assessment framework has been applied and tested at the Eastern fringe of Dhaka city which is highly vulnerable to flooding. Based on the assessment and analysis, adaptive measures are prioritized to enable more effective action

Experimental evaluation of HCFO-1233zd-e as HFC-245fa replacement in an organic rankine cycle system for low temperature heat sources

[EN] In this work an experimental evaluation of the working fluid HCFO-1233zd-E as HFC-245fa replacement in ORC systems for low temperature heat sources has been conducted. A fully monitored ORC module has been used to test both working fluids at different operating conditions. Due to the different densities of the working fluids, the mass flow rate for HCFO-1233zd-E is approximately 20% lower than for HFC-245fa. This causes thermal and electrical powers to be lower for HCF0-1233zd-E than for HFC245fa. However, net electrical efficiency is similar for both working fluids, ranging from 5% to 9.7% in the tested operating conditions. Regarding the expander performance, various performance indicators are addressed. The expander isentropic performance has a maximum value of 75%, with higher values for HCFO-1233zd-E than for HFC-245fa. The overall efficiency of the expander, similar for both working fluids, ranges from 44% to 57% in the experimental test range. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors thankfully acknowledge the cooperation of Rank (R) for its support in this project.Molés-Ribera, F.; Navarro Esbri, J.; Peris-Pérez, B.; Mota-Babiloni, A. (2016). Experimental evaluation of HCFO-1233zd-e as HFC-245fa replacement in an organic rankine cycle system for low temperature heat sources. Applied Thermal Engineering. 98:954-961. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.011S9549619

Grid emission factor for the Dominican Republic : standardized baseline [version 01.0]

This standardized baseline provides the values of the CO2 emission factors for the National Interconnected Electrical System (SENI) of the Dominican Republic. This standardized baseline is approved by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Executive Board in accordance with the “Procedure for development, revision, clarification and update of standardized baselines” (CDM-EB63-A28-PROC)

Coal in the 21st Century: a climate of change and uncertainty

Coal presents a particular set of challenges when balancing energy policy goals. Despite presenting viable solutions to the problems of energy security and global energy poverty, coal struggles, given its greenhouse-gas drawbacks, in a world of increasingly harmful climate change. Notwithstanding the harm caused to the environment, coal remains an expanding low-price route to meeting local energy needs. It is forecasted to remain a major global resource for the foreseeable future. In the short term it is predicted to have a 26% share of the global energy mix. Recent years have witnessed severe deviations from previously stable trends in coal markets and policy dynamics. According to the predictions by the International Energy Agency (IEA), a variety of factors ranging from the planned phase-out of coal in countries such as Denmark, France and the UK, to changes in policy in China and import-dependency in India, and demand drop in the US have together resulted in the largest decline in coal production in 2015 since 1971 (IEA, Coal Information, 2016). This paper seeks to outline basic coal facts, recent market trends and directions globally and provides an overview of issues shaping the future of coal in the twenty-first century. This paper seeks to outline basic coal facts, recent market trends and directions globally and provide an overview of issues shaping the future of coal in the 21st century

Reflecting on ICN2: Was it a game changer?

At the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), November 2014, 170 member states endorsed the Rome Declaration on Nutrition and a Framework for Action. The Rome Declaration committed to ending malnutrition in all its forms while the Framework for Action offered 60 voluntary actions to help achieve this. These documents and ICN2 itself had the potential to be a major step forward for public health nutrition, addressing issues associated with today's complex food system. This article reviews ICN2, its process, outputs and some of the gaps and weaknesses of the documents. ICN2's legacy can be interpreted in two ways-a missed opportunity or one of broad aspirations which have yet to translate into meaningful action. The paper considers whether ICN2 could have adopted a more ecological approach to diet and nutrition, linking health and sustainability. While this fits the evidence, it would require a strong commitment to coherence and food system change, almost certainly a firm stance on some food corporate power, and resolve to champion health at the heart of economic policy. This ambitious agenda would require specific multi-actor and multi-level action, together with metrics and mechanisms for accountability. Coherent government policies and actions to tackle all manifestations of inappropriate diet, and to reframe the economic forces which shape such diets are urgently required. To achieve this, the public health movement needs to work closely with civil society, yet ICN2 showed that there is some reluctance to energise that combination. As a result, ICN2 must be judged a missed opportunity, despite having useful aspirations