Autism among Primary School Pupils in Benin Metropolis: Implications for Counselling

The study investigated the existence of autism among primary school pupils in Benin City. The rationale for this study was as a result of the growing concern about autism worldwide. Knowledge about this disorder is still limited. Most parents and teachers still do not understand its diagnosis, symptoms and effects at home and school environments. This lack of understanding of this complex neuro-developmental disorder that affects a child’s social interaction, communication and behaviour has become pertinent for the present study to be carried. Survey research design was adopted; three (3) research questions were raised. The samples were 131 teachers. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data collected. The results revealed that autism exists among the sample used, that boys are more afflicted with the disorder than girls. Autism differs in occurrence with the age of pupils and the level of awareness of parents is low. Based on the findings, recommendations and implications for counselling were presented. Keywords: Autism, teachers, parents, schools, Nigeria

Multi-scale modeling of dispersed gas-liquid two-phase flows

In this work the status of computational modeling of bubbly flows is reviewed. The theory of four different models is introduced and typical examples are given illustrating the capabilities of these models. The volume of fluid model and the front tracking model are used to investigate the behavior of individual bubbles. It is found that both models are well suited to investigate the shape and transient behavior of individual bubbles. An Euler-Lagrange model is used to simulate the flow in a lab-scale bubble column, accounting for coalescence and break-up. The predicted bubble size distributions show reasonable agreement with experiments. However, better break-up models are necessary for further improvement. Finally an Euler-Euler model is used to simulate the flow in a lab-scale bubble column. It is shown that the use of a proper drag model is vital for accurate prediction of the bubble column dynamic

Numerical investigation of closures for interface forces acting on single air-bubbles in water using volume and fluid and front tracking models

Closures for the drag and virtual mass forces acting on a single air bubble rising in initially quiescent pure water have been numerically investigated using direct numerical simulation techniques. A 3D Front Tracking model was used and the results were compared with simulation results obtained with a 2D Volume of Fluid model to assess the influence of the third dimension. In the simulations realistic values were taken for the physical properties, i.e., a density ratio of 800. The computed time-averaged terminal rise velocity and mean aspect ratio for individual air bubbles ranging in equivalent diameter from 1 to 10 mm rising in pure water compare well with available experimental data