Boligprisvekst og markedsstruktur i Danmark og Norge

I denne studien ønsker vi å avdekke om de samme faktorene har drevet veksten i boligprisene i Danmark og Norge fra 1990 til 2006, og om disse faktorene har virket på samme måte i begge land. I de første kapitlene går vi grundig igjennom teori, tidligere studier av boligprisene i de to landene og forskjeller i markedsstruktur. Dette gjør vi for å identifisere sentrale forklaringsvariabler for boligprisene, samt grunner til å forvente at de virker forskjellig over landegrensene. Videre sammenligner vi resultatene i tidligere modeller for veksten i boligprisene i Danmark og Norge. Vi utarbeider så en empirisk modell for veksten i boligprisene, og estimerer denne simultant for begge land ved hjelp av 3SLS. Den estimerte modellen forklarer minst 60 prosent av veksten i prisene i begge land. Et hovedfunn er at endringer i bokostnaden, som blant annet omfatter renten, virker sterkere på kort sikt i Norge enn i Danmark. Dette er i tråd med forskjeller i gjeldssammensetningen i de to landene. Bortsett fra dette finner vi at de samme faktorene har drevet veksten i boligprisene i begge land, og at vi ikke kan si at de har virket på forskjellige måter. Vi finner imidlertid at fundamentale forhold som inntektsvekst og redusert bokostnad forklarer utviklingen i de norske boligprisene betydelig bedre enn i de danske

Finding a cluster-tilting object for a representation finite cluster-tilted algebra

We provide a technique to find a cluster-tilting object having a given cluster-tilted algebra as endomorphism ring in the finite type case.Comment: 14 page

Granbarkbillen. Registrering av bestandsstørrelsene i 2015

Etter flere år med nedgang i billefangstene viser både fjorårets og årets fellefangster økning. Økningen i 2015 kan ha sammenheng med mange overvintrende biller etter den varme og tørre sommeren i fjor. Økningen i 2015 kunne trolig har vært enda større om forsommeren ikke hadde vært så kjølig og ugunstig for billene flukt og formering. Størst økning ble funnet i Trøndelags-fylkene, og dette settes i sammenheng med at denne regionen ble rammet av stormfellinger av granskog. En kjølig forsommer kan ha vært årsaken til at oppformering av biller i vindfall ikke førte til omfattende angrep på stående skog i disse fylkene. Vest-Agder var inkludert i barkbilleovervåkingen for første gang i 2015. Fellefangstene i indre og østre deler av Vest-Agder tilsier at dette fylket bør være en permanent del av barkbille¬over¬våkingen. Stadig mer av plantet granskog i Vestlands-fylkene når mottakelig alder for granbarkbillen, og flere episoder av vindfellinger og tørkeskader i de siste årene tilsier at det bør undersøkes om granbarkbillen også forekommer i disse områdene

Quality of life among patients undergoing bariatric surgery: associations with mental health- A 1 year follow-up study of bariatric surgery patients

Background: Preoperative mental health seems to have useful predictive value for Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) after bariatric surgery. The aim of the present study was to assess pre- and postoperative psychiatric disorders and their associations with pre- and postoperative HRQOL. Method: Data were assessed before (n = 127) and one year after surgery (n = 87). Psychiatric disorders were assessed by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) and Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-II). HRQOL was assessed by the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Results: Significant improvements were found in HRQOL from preoperative assessment to follow-up one year after surgery. For the total study population, the degree of improvement was statistically significant (p values < .001) for seven of the eight SF-36 subscales from preoperative assessment to follow-up one year after surgery. Patients without psychiatric disorders had no impairments in postoperative HRQOL, and patients with psychiatric disorders that resolved after surgery had small impairments on two of the eight SF-36 subscales compared to the population norm (all effect sizes < .5) at follow-up one year after surgery. Patients with psychiatric disorders that persisted after surgery had impaired HRQOL at follow-up one year after surgery compared to the population norm, with effect sizes for the differences from moderate to large (all effect sizes ≥ .6). Conclusion: This study reports the novel finding that patients without postoperative psychiatric disorders achieved a HRQOL comparable to the general population one year after bariatric surgery; while patients with postoperative psychiatric disorders did not reach the HRQOL level of the general population. Our results support monitoring patients with psychiatric disorders persisting after surgery for suboptimal improvements in quality of life after bariatric surgery

Development and testing of attachment methods for pop-up satellite archival transmitters in European eel

Background: Four methods for attaching pop-up satellite transmitters to European eel were tested in the laboratory by recording long-term tag retention, growth and survival; short-term behavioral responses; and physical damage from attachments. Results: All eels survived until they lost their tag, or until end of the six-month study. Specific growth rate did not differ between tagged fish and controls. Tag retention varied from 0% to 100% among attachment methods. A tagging method that uses the strength of the eel skin by attaching the tag to the skin at three points is recommended for ocean migration studies based on a long tag retention time, minimal behavioral reactions, negligible damage to the swimming muscle, and minimal physical damage both for fish retaining and losing the tag. Although tag retention was 50% over six months, those losing their tags still retained them for 114 to 134 days. Another method had higher tag retention (100%), but required the use of steel wires that moved upwards through the muscle over time. This method was regarded as less suitable because of a strong behavioral reaction in the first two days after tagging and damage to the swimming muscle. Results from 275 silver eels released on European coasts equipped with pop-up satellite transmitters or similarly sized pop-up data storage tags to study the ocean spawning migration indicated a large premature tag release. This was partly related to mechanical tag loss, but probably mainly to a high predation rate (>20% confirmed predations of eels with pop-up satellite transmitters). Mean time to premature tag release was 14 to 21 days (maximum nine months). Conclusions: Laboratory and field data showed that pop-up satellite transmitters attached to eels can remain attached for six to nine months, but that tag retention is a challenge. Hiding behavior in a structured habitat increased the risk of entanglement and tag loss. In ocean migration studies, consideration should be given to transportation and release off shore instead of in shallower areas where they are more likely to seek the seabed and hide in structured habitats. Behavioral reactions indicate that data recorded during the first two to three days after tagging may not reflect natural behavior.Development and testing of attachment methods for pop-up satellite archival transmitters in European eelpublishedVersio

Do environmental factors influence the movement of estuarine fish? A case study using acoustic telemetry

Telemetry methods were used to investigate the influence of selected environmental variables on the position and movement of an estuarine-dependent haemulid, the spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède 1801), in the Great Fish Estuary, South Africa. Forty individuals (263–698 mm TL) were surgically implanted with acoustic coded transmitters and manually tracked during two periods (7 February to 24 March 2003; n = 20 and 29 September to 15 November 2003; n = 20). Real-time data revealed that spotted grunter are euryhaline (0–37) and are able to tolerate large variations in turbidity (4–356 FTU) and temperature (16–30 °C). However, the fish altered their position in response to large fluctuations in salinity, temperature and turbidity, which are characteristic of tidal estuarine environments. Furthermore, tidal phase had a strong influence on the position of spotted grunter in the estuary

Hydrographic features of anguillid spawning areas: potential signposts for migrating eels

Catadromous anguillid eels (genus Anguilla) migrate from their freshwater or estuarine habitats to marine spawning areas. Evidence from satellite tagging studies indicates that tropical and temperate eel species exhibit pronounced diel vertical migrations, from between 150-300 m nighttime depths to 600-800 m during the day. Collections of eggs and larvae of Japanese eels A. japonica suggest they may spawn at these upper nighttime migration depths. How anguillid eels navigate through the ocean and find their spawning areas remains unknown; thus, this study describes the salinity, temperature and geostrophic currents between 0 and 800 m depths within 2 confirmed and 3 hypothetical anguillid spawning areas during likely spawning seasons. Within the 4 ocean gyres in which these spawning areas are located, many eels would encounter subducted 'Subtropical Underwater' water masses during their nighttime ascents that could provide odor plumes as signposts. Four of the spawning areas are located near the western margins of where subducted water masses form cores of elevated salinities (similar to 35.0 to 36.8) around 150 m depths, and one is located near the center of subduction. Low salinity surface waters and fronts are present in some of the areas above the high-salinity cores. Spawning may occur at temperatures between 16 and 24 degrees C where the thermocline locally deepens. At spawning depths, weak westward currents (similar to 0 to 0.1 m s(-1)) prevail, and eastward surface countercurrents are present. Anguillid eels possess acute sensory capabilities to detect these hydrographic features as potential signposts, guiding them to their spawning areas