The extraction of nuclear sea quark distribution and energy loss effect in Drell-Yan experiment

The next-to-leading order and leading order analysis are performed on the differential cross section ratio from Drell-Yan process. It is found that the effect of next-to-leading order corrections can be negligible on the differential cross section ratios as a function of the quark momentum fraction in the beam proton and the target nuclei for the current Fermilab and future lower beam proton energy. The nuclear Drell-Yan reaction is an ideal tool to study the energy loss of the fast quark moving through cold nuclei. In the leading order analysis, the theoretical results with quark energy loss are in good agreement with the Fermilab E866 experimental data on the Drell-Yan differential cross section ratios as a function of the momentum fraction of the target parton. It is shown that the quark energy loss effect has significant impact on the Drell-Yan differential cross section ratios. The nuclear Drell-Yan experiment at current Fermilab and future lower energy proton beam can not provide us with more information on the nuclear sea quark distribution.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Legal Needs Assessment of Older Adults in Maine

A clear understanding of the most pertinent legal issues for older adults is necessary to maximize the available resources and increase the capacity of the legal service delivery system most effectively. This legal needs assessment was conducted by analyzing recent research in six other states over a one year time period. The assessment analyzes more than 7,300 older adults in these six states. It was concluded that up to half of all older adults will need legal assistance in the next five to ten years, but LSE can serve less than five thousand people per year. The greatest need was help with health insurance, with financial assistance coming second. Through this project, the legal needs of older adults in Maine were evaluated, thus allowing for identification and improvement of unmet needs

DEVELOPING RURAL RELATIVES AS PARENTS PROGRAMMING: PROMISING PRACTICES A COLLECTION OF PRACTICE WISDOM FROM ACROSS RURAL AMERICA

This manual is designed to provide both new and established Relatives as Parents Programs (RAPPs) with ideas on how to best serve rural grandfamilies. Much of the information contained in this manual is the result of a year-long research effort conducted by the University of Maine Center on Aging with funding from the Brookdale Foundation. Details on the sources of information tapped for this manual are outlined below. An online survey was administered to practitioners and professionals currently working with relative caregivers to learn more about the practical strategies and approaches used in developing and carrying out RAPP programming in rural areas. Participating service providers were asked about the unique needs of their rural clients and barriers that rural clients may face in accessing services. Survey participants were also asked to highlight strategies that they have used to help meet the needs of their clients and assess the effectiveness of those strategies. Forty-eight professionals from across the U.S. participated in this survey. Interviews were then conducted with experts in the field of relative caregiving to compliment the online survey efforts. The Center on Aging carried out a literature review looking for practical tips and trends in program development that could be shared via this manual. We also included pertinent demographic and statistical information that programs can share with community members and funding sources highlighting the characteristics and prevalence of kinship families. The result of this effort is a collaborative and comprehensive manual showcasing many of the promising practices in use across the countr

Benefits of Study Abroad Programs for College Students

While in college, students have an array of opportunities within study abroad programs which allow for educational and personal growth. Studying abroad is a term given to a program which allows students to further their academic studies in a foreign country while attending a foreign university. These programs allow college students to earn credit towards their academic discipline and can last anywhere from a few weeks during a semester up to an entire school year. A great deal of research has explored the undeniably positive attributes that students gain during their time studying abroad, but more research on the cognitive benefits of study abroad is needed (Lee et al., 2012). Although there is limited recorded research surrounding how individuals are cognitively impacted by such programs, other areas of research have focused on levels of academic achievement, intercultural competencies, and the student’s personal development.VoRSUNY OneontaSociologyN/

Distinct Mechanisms for Ctr1-mediated Copper and Cisplatin Transport

The Ctr1 family of integral membrane proteins is necessary for high affinity copper uptake in eukaryotes. Ctr1 is also involved in cellular accumulation of cisplatin, a platinum-based anticancer drug. Although the physiological role of Ctr1 has been revealed, the mechanism of action of Ctr1 remains to be elucidated. To gain a better understanding of Ctr1-mediated copper and cisplatin transport, we have monitored molecular dynamics and transport activities of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ctr1 and its mutant alleles. Co-expression of functional Ctr1 monomers fused with either cyan or yellow fluorescent protein resulted in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which is consistent with multimer assembly of Ctr1. Copper near the Km value of Ctr1 enhanced FRET in a manner that correlated with cellular copper transport. In vitro cross-linking of Ctr1 confirmed that copper-induced FRET reflects conformational changes within pre-existing Ctr1 complexes. FRET assays in membrane-disrupted cells and protein extracts showed that intact cell structure is necessary for Ctr1 activity. Despite Ctr1-dependent cellular accumulation, cisplatin did not change Ctr1 FRET nor did it attenuate copper-induced FRET. A Ctr1 allele defective in copper transport enhanced cellular cisplatin accumulation. N-terminal methionine-rich motifs that are dispensable for copper transport play a critical role for cisplatin uptake. Taken together, our data reveal functional roles for structural remodeling of the Ctr1 multimeric complex in copper transport and suggest distinct mechanisms employed by Ctr1 for copper and cisplatin transport

Design and Implementation of PID Controller for a two Quadrant Chopper Fed DC Motor Drive

Abstrac

An Analysis of Current and Projected Rural Older Adult Legal Services Needs

Maine is now the oldest state in the nation, and is one of the most rural states. A legal needs assessment of older adults in Maine was conducted by analyzing the findings from recent research conducted in six other states and service data from Maine Legal Services for the Elderly over a one-year time period. The six states analyzed were Kentucky, Michigan, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, and Utah. There were a total of over 7,300 older adults that responded to the legal needs surveys. The assessment concluded that the high-level service needs included the following: health insurance, government benefits, estate planning, and personal finances and consumer issues. Other needs included help with housing, abuse, employment, and family matters. This assessment was a crucial project in establishing means to plan to distribute a legal needs survey in Maine

Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 (SERCA3) expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumours

: Accurate characterisation of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) is important for prognosis and the choice of targeted therapies. Histologically the diagnosis relies on positive immunostaining of tumours for KIT (CD117) and DOG1. Here we report that GISTs also abundantly express the type 3 Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA3). SERCA enzymes transport calcium ions from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum and play an important role in regulating the intensity and the periodicity of calcium-induced cell activation. GISTs from various localisations, histological and molecular subtypes or risk categories were intensely immunopositive for SERCA3 with the exception of PDGFRA-mutated cases where expression was high or moderate. Strong SERCA3 expression was observed also in normal and hyperplastic interstitial cells of Cajal. Decreased SERCA3 expression in GIST was exceptionally observed in a zonal pattern, where CD117 staining was similarly decreased, reflecting clonal heterogeneity. In contrast to GIST, SERCA3 immunostaining of spindle cell tumours and other gastrointestinal tumours resembling GIST was negative or weak. In conclusion, SERCA3 immunohistochemistry may be useful for the diagnosis of GIST with high confidence, when used as a third marker in parallel with KIT and DOG1. Moreover, SERCA3 immunopositivity may be particularly helpful in cases with negative or weak KIT or DOG1 staining, a situation that may be encountered de novo, or during the spontaneous or therapy-induced clonal evolution of GIST

Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 (SERCA3) expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumours

Accurate characterisation of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) is important for prognosis and the choice of targeted therapies. Histologically the diagnosis relies on positive immunostaining of tumours for KIT (CD117) and DOG1. Here we report that GISTs also abundantly express the type 3 Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA3). SERCA enzymes transport calcium ions from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum and play an important role in regulating the intensity and the periodicity of calcium-induced cell activation. GISTs from various localisations, histological and molecular subtypes or risk categories were intensely immunopositive for SERCA3 with the exception of PDGFRA-mutated cases where expression was high or moderate. Strong SERCA3 expression was observed also in normal and hyperplastic interstitial cells of Cajal. Decreased SERCA3 expression in GIST was exceptionally observed in a zonal pattern, where CD117 staining was similarly decreased, reflecting clonal heterogeneity. In contrast to GIST, SERCA3 immunostaining of spindle cell tumours and other gastrointestinal tumours resembling GIST was negative or weak. In conclusion, SERCA3 immunohistochemistry may be useful for the diagnosis of GIST with high confidence, when used as a third marker in parallel with KIT and DOG1. Moreover, SERCA3 immunopositivity may be particularly helpful in cases with negative or weak KIT or DOG1 staining, a situation that may be encountered de novo, or during the spontaneous or therapy-induced clonal evolution of GIST.publishedVersio

Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Pca1p, a Polytopic Protein, via Interaction with the Proteasome at the Membrane

Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) plays a critical role in the destruction of terminally misfolded proteins at the secretory pathway. The system also regulates expression levels of several proteins such as Pca1p, a cadmium exporter in yeast. To gain better insight into the mechanisms underlying ERAD of Pca1p and other polytopic proteins by the proteasome in the cytosol, our study determined the roles for the molecular factors of ERAD in dislodging Pca1p from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Inactivation of the 20S proteasome leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated Pca1p in the ER membrane, suggesting a role for the proteasome in extraction of Pca1p from the ER. Pca1p formed a complex with the proteasome at the membrane in a Doa10p E3 ligase-dependent manner. Cdc48p is required for recruiting the proteasome to Pca1p. Although the Ufd2p E4 ubiquitin chain extension enzyme is involved in efficient degradation of Pca1p, Ufd2p-deficient cells did not affect the formation of a complex between Pca1p and the proteasome. Two other polytopic membrane proteins undergoing ERAD, Ste6*p and Hmg2p, also displayed the same outcomes observed for Pca1p. However, poly-ubiquitinated Cpy1*p, a luminal ERAD substrate, was detected in the cytosol independent of proteolytic activities of the proteasome. These results indicate that extraction and degradation of polytopic membrane proteins at the ER is a coupled event. This mechanism would relieve the cost of exposed hydrophobic domains in the cytosol during ERAD