以領域描圖法研究鳥類群聚組成及棲地選擇

領域描圖法是估算鳥類群聚組成最為精確的方法，能提供最精細、利用價值最高之資料形式，且相 當適合於探討繁殖鳥類與棲地間的細微關聯。我們於94 年三月上旬至七月下旬，針對台大梅峰山地農場 約30 公頃範圍之鳥類群聚，進行連續20 週、共40 天次之領域計數。研究目的為建立適合台灣陸域繁殖 鳥類群聚之領域描圖法操作方法及分析研究區域之鳥類群聚組成。研究共調查到57 種鳥類，其中47 種 為台灣繁殖鳥類，38 種推測應於研究區域內繁殖。在扣除不具領域行為及紀錄次數少於五次之鳥種後， 共有27 種鳥類可畫出其領域分布，其中以藪鳥(Liocichla steerii)、冠羽畫眉(Yuhina brunneiceps)、白尾鴝 (Cinclidium leucurum)、白耳畫眉(Heterophasia auricularis)、紅頭山雀(Aegithalos concinnus)、粉紅鸚嘴 (Paradoxornis webbianus)最具優勢。結果分析顯示，輔助錄音回播對領域描圖法所調查到之鳥類種數及數 量，並無顯著影響。另外，調查時間以四月上旬至六月中旬為最佳時間。在這段時間中，冬候鳥、過境 鳥、及冬季海拔漂移種多已離開，且當地繁殖鳥類皆有明顯、頻繁之領域宣示行為，最適合於進行領域 描圖法。Territory mapping is the most precise method to census bird community composition. It provides detailed data that have broad potentials for ecological research and is suitable to investigate the relationships between breeding birds and their habitats. From early-March to late-July of 2005, we conducted territory mappings in an area of around 30 ha. in Meifong Highland Experimental Farm of National Taiwan University for a period of consecutive 20 weeks, 40 census days in total. The objectives of this study were to establish field protocols of territory mapping that are suitable for terrestrial breeding bird communities in Taiwan and to analyze the bird community composition of study site. A total of 57 bird species was recorded during the studying period. Among them, 47 species were breeding species of Taiwan and 38 species should breed in the study site. After deleting species that lack territory behavior or with less than five records, territories of 27 species were determined. Steere’s liocichla (Liocichla steerii), Taiwan yuhina (Yuhina brunneiceps), white-tailed blue robin (Cinclidium leucurum), white-eared sibia (Heterophasia auricularis), red-headed tit (Aegithalos concinnus) and vinousthroated parrotbill (Paradoxornis webbianus) were dominant bird species in the study site. We found that repeatedly playing bird songs did not have any significant effect on total species and total number of birds recorded on each day. Besides, we suggest the best period for territory mapping in the study site is from early- April to mid-June since during this period most of migrant species have departed and all breeding species have obvious and frequent territorial behaviors

生物多樣性之空間相關性分析

The biodiversity hotspot analyses are to locate geographical areas that rank particularly high on one or more axes of species richness, levels of endemism, number of rare species, and intensity of threat and have been used by various agencies for targeting conservation and grant priority. We studied the spatial overlap among the richness-based, uniqueness-based, and endangeredness-based hotspots and spatial correlations of species richness across avian taxa. We found that richness-based, uniqueness-based, and endangeredness-based hotspots have very low overlap with each other and species richness correlated more positively in higher taxon level (order) than lower taxon level (family)

病蟲害管理之氣象-作物模式

Despite the tremendous technological advancements that have been made in recent decades, the agricultural productivity and the world food supply have been stagnated worldwide. This is partly because of the increasingly unstable weather conditions. The damages that the floods and hurricanes caused in China, Honduras and Nicaragua in 1998, are unmatched for the last century and exemplifies the problem. Though natural disasters are not be avoidable, the resulting damages can be minimized if effective weather forecasting and reporting systems are developed and utilized. A case in point is the preventive measures that were taken such as adjusting the planting dates by American farmers in anticipation of a strong El Niño in early 1998, had effectively reduced the possible damages that might otherwise occur. Taiwan’s agriculture is very productive and vitally important for social and political securities. It is important that weather resources and information are fully utilized to maximize the agricultural productivity and minimize the possible damages due to adverse weather conditions. This paper illustrates that phenological models, or weather driven plant and animal models, can be applied to predict crop developmental stages and the likelihood of disease breakouts. These models are powerful tools, which when effectively applied could increase the robustness and the sustainability of the agricultural production systems in Taiwan. 儘管近數十年來，農業技術已有驚人的進步，惟全球的農業生產和糧食的供給，卻成長緩慢；部份原因是由於不穩定之天氣型態有持續增加的趨勢。例如：1998 年大陸、宏都拉斯、尼加拉瓜所發生之洪水、颶風，遠較十九世紀者來得嚴重，此即是一明顯的例證。天然災害的發生雖無法完全地避免，但是有效的天氣預報系統若能被研發和充分加以利用的話，應可將可能發生的災害降至最低。舉例而言，在1998 年初預測當年聖嬰現象（E1 Niño）顯著，美國農民依此訊息而採取調整耕種日期的因應防範措施，有效地將潛在的災害降低。台灣的農業生產豐饒，對社會和政策之安定性具有舉足輕重的影響力。因此，當前重要的課題是如何有效地利用氣候資源和天氣資訊，以增進農業生產力，並減少潛在之天然災害的發生。本文即嘗試引進生物氣候模式，修正為適用於台灣之模式，以預測作物的生育期和病蟲害的消長情形，期望該些模式能對台灣農業生產系統的韌性和競爭力的提升有所助益