厦门义务教育均衡发展策略研究

推进义务教育均衡发展是当今我国义务教育改革与发展最重要的任务,同时也是厦门进行岛内外一体化建设的必然选择。厦门市岛内外教育差距显著,原因主要在于岛内外二元结构、教育资源供需失调。义务教育均衡发展包括区域之间的均衡发展、学校之间的均衡发展及群体之间的均衡发展。推进义务教育均衡发展可从这三个层面出发,结合厦门市市情及中小学现状,采取以下具体措施,包括落实政府法定责任、统筹义务教育标准化建设、共享优质教育资源、生成优质教育资源、加大中招改革力度及帮扶弱势群体。福建省社科一般项目:“厦门市义务教育均衡发展规划研究”(项目批准号:2012B046

Late Quaternary Sediment Stratigraphy and Marine Cycles in the Pingtan Island, Fujian Province

选择位于福建平潭岛北部芦洋埔海积平原的PT01钻孔,岩芯长度28.3 m,采用加速器碳同位素(AMS 14C)和光释光(OSL)测年建立地层年代框架,认为晚更新世富含有孔虫等海相生物化石的地层应归属于MIS 5高海面期,即MIS 5e的潮下带滨海相沉积。结合岩性特征、古生物化石、沉积物色度、粒度分析及其参数等指标,进行了沉积单元的划分,重建了MIS 6末期以来的沉积相变化过程,揭示出MIS 5期间的多次海平面波动变化,即MIS 5高海面期沉积环境仍存在滨海、潮坪、潟湖、风成砂等沉积相之间的转换,并可能存在短暂的陆相或风化过程。而该区整个末次冰期的沉积缺失或较薄,上部全新世沉积也不发育,厚度仅为3.79 m,以沼泽相―风成砂相为主。A 28.3 m long core, PT01, from the Pingtan Island, Southeast China, is selected to be studied. Radiocarbon dating(AMS 14C) and optical stimulated luminescene(OSL) are used for establishing chronology. Combining age-dating results with marine microfossil and color index, we classify the Late Quaternary sediment stratigraphy in the coastal region of Fujian Province. It is suggested that the late Pleistocene marine deposit, dated back to 124 ka, and abundant marine microfossil(e.g. foraminifer and ostracods), would belong to the Marine Isotope Stages 5(MIS 5). Moreover, the late Quaternary sediment could be divided into three units based on the analysis of lithology, microfossil, grain size and color index. Our results reveal that the sediment environment during the MIS 5 was significantly controlled by global sea level change which varied among coast, tidal flat, lagoon, and eolian sand, and probably there existed weathering process. A hiatus during the last glacial(MIS 2-4) was attributed to low relative sea level. And the Holocene deposit, as thick as 3.79 m, developed poorly and was mainly comprised of swamp facies and eolian dune.国家自然科学基金(41230101、41072128

我国博士生招生制度的改革与完善

对博士生教育长期采取的“考试入学制“存在一些弊端,虽然以考试成绩为基础、以统一性和严格性为基本特点,在很大程度上保证了招生公平,但难以有效选拔到优秀的博士生生源。因此,在渐进式引入国际上通行的“申请入学制“时,我们尤其要注重科学推进公平的制度完善,综合制定招生计划“得天下英才而育之“、增强导师责任风险让其合理运用招生自主权、重视考察研究兴趣等,并完善整个博士培养过程的设计、执行和监督,让博士生教育改革之路更为顺畅。中国学位与研究生教育学会2013年面上课题“博士研究生招生多样化考核选拔方式研究”(B1-2013Y11-030); 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“世界一流大学多样化招生政策研究”(13JJD880011)的成

Distribution Characteristics of Phosphor and Sulfur in Different Wetland Soils of the Yellow River Delta

以黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地为研究对象,研究了不同植被群落覆盖下湿地土壤中磷、硫的变化特征及其储量状况。结果表明,植被群落的变化能够影响土壤中磷、硫的含量,但影响程度不同。沿植物群落演替方向,土壤全磷含量差异不显著,变异系数较小,而全硫含量受影响显著,呈“S“型波动变化;在垂直分布特征方面,全磷的差异程度不大,表明土壤中磷含量主要取决于成土母质,相对而言,硫的垂直分布特征存在较大差异,大部分采样点的变异系数在10%以上,属中等变异,其分布特征主要受制于土壤有机质的分布;两种元素的储量及其分布状况受植被群落的影响程度不同,不同植被群落土壤的磷储量及其分布状况差异不大,均在0.32kg/M2(0—60CM)附近波动;而不同土壤中硫储量存在较大差异,沿演替方向呈“S“型波动变化,最高值0.33kg/M2(光滩,0—60CM),最低值0.17kg/M2(演替末期,0—60CM),但其分布状况差异不大。研究结果表明,植被对调整湿地磷、硫的空间分布具有显著影响,故可根据生源元素的循环选择适宜的植物对湿地进行生态修复,为湿地生态的修复提供理论依据。In August,2008,the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta,covered with different plant communities,were selected as the study objects to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and the reserves of phosphor(P) and sulfur(S) in wetland soils.Results showed that different plant communities could affect the contents of P and S differently.Total phosphorus(TP) content had no significant variation with the succession,while total sulfur(TS) content,varying in the "S" mode,was affected obviously by the period of plant community succession.As for the characteristics of vertical distribution,TP content was not remarkable,showing that TP in soils depends on parent material.However,the vertical distribution of TS was significant(CV>10%) and its distribution was based on soil organic matter.Besides,the reserves and distributions of the two elements were also affected by plant communities differently.Both the reserve and the distribution of phosphorus varied little,fluctuating around 0.32 kg/m2 (0—60 cm).The reserve of S varied significantly from 0.17 kg/m2(the last stage of succession,0—60 cm)to 0.33 kg/m2 (bare beach,0—60 cm),fluctuating in "S" mode with the succession,while the distribution of S was not clear.Result from the research shows that the distributions of P and S in wetland soils are affected by plants and thus,right plants can be selected to apply in ecological rehabilitation of wetland.The research may provide a theoretical basis for the ecological rehabilitation of wetlands.国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境实验室基金(200906);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-223);中国科学院院长奖获得者科研启动基金(AJ0809BX-036);中国科学院烟台海岸所前沿领域项目(HJ0810BX-047);国家自然科学基金项目(40803023);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室高级访问学者基金(MELRS0918);厦门大学滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室基金(Cwe10903

Seasonal variations of sulfur in Suaeda salsa under different habitats in the intertidal zone of Yellow River Estuary, China

2008年5-11月,对黄河口滨岸潮滩不同生境下翅碱蓬(SuAEdA SAlSA)硫(S)的季节变化特征进行了研究。研究表明:中潮滩翅碱蓬(JP1)和低潮滩翅碱蓬(JP2)各器官生物量均具有明显的季节变化特征,总体表现为JP1>JP2;JP1和JP2地上与地下部分比值的变化较为一致,整体表现为JP2>JP1;二者枯落物量呈递增变化;JP1和JP2叶、茎和枯落物中的全硫(TS)含量在生长季波动变化明显,整体呈先增后减变化,而根中的TS含量在生长季呈递减变化,符合指数衰减模型;二者不同器官及枯落物的TS累积量和S累积速率(VS)季节变化明显,JP1地上部分的TS累积量和VS明显高于JP2,且二者地上部分的TS累积量和VS均明显高于地下;JP1和JP2不同部分的S分配比差异明显,其中叶的分配比最高,分别为(38.34±16.19)%和(66.27±12.09)%,说明叶是翅碱蓬重要的S累积器官。结果显示,翅碱蓬的生态学特性和其所处生境的水盐状况对JP1和JP2生物量、TS含量、累积量、累积速率、分配比均具有重要影响。Aims Our objective was to determine the characteristics of sulfur (S) accumulation and allocation by Suaeda salsa in two different habitats of the intertidal zone in the Yellow River Estuary of China.Methods We established two plots (30 m × 30 m) in two different tidal flats and collected different organs of S.salsa every 20 days from May to November 2008 from four or five sites selected at random from the two plots.Important findings The biomass of different organs of S.salsa in middle tidal flat (JP1) and low tidal flat (JP2) showed significant seasonal dynamics, and the values of JP1 tended to be higher than those of JP2.For JP1 and JP2, the ratios of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass changed similarly, but the values of JP2 tended to be larger than those of JP1.The litter biomass of JP1 and JP2 increased exponentially during the growing season.Although the total sulfur (TS) contents in leaves, stems or litter of JP1 and JP2 fluctuated greatly during the growing season, they all initially increased and then decreased.In comparison, values in roots decreased at all times following an exponential decay model.The TS accumulation amount and rate (VS) of different organs and litter also had seasonal changes, and the values of above-ground organs of JP1 were much higher than those of JP2.Moreover, the TS accumulation amount and VS of above-ground parts were higher than those of below-ground parts.The S allocation ratios of different parts of JP1 and JP2 also had significant differences.Leaves had the highest allocation ratio, and values of JP1 and JP2 were (38.34 ± 16.19)% and (66.27 ± 12.09)%, respectively, indicating that leaves were the most important site of S storage.国家自然科学基金(40803023);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-223);山东省自然科学基金重点项目(ZR2010DZ001);厦门大学滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室基金(Cwel0903)资

New Method for Analyzing Raman Spectra of Hydrogen-free Diamond-like Carbon Films

dlC薄膜的拉曼光谱表征主要依靠d峰和g峰的强度比值(Id/Ig)来定性判断SP3含量,但当SP3所占百分比高于20%时,Id/Ig值对SP3含量的变化不敏感,判断的误差很大。采用直流磁控溅射和多弧离子镀制备了一系列无氢dlC薄膜样品,并测量了样品的拉曼光谱和维氏硬度。通过数据分析,发现薄膜硬度和拉曼光谱中的g峰半峰宽具有很好的相关性,因而提出通过g峰半峰宽来定量判断dlC薄膜中SP3含量的拉曼光谱表征新方法。The ratio between intensities of the D peak and the G peak(ID/IG) is used to estimate sp3 content of the DLC films.However,this method has limitations.When sp3 content exceeds 20%,ID/IG has very low correlations with the content of sp3,therefore,estimation of sp3 content using this method could lead to significant error.DC-magnetron sputtering and multiple-arc ion plating are used to deposit a series of hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon samples.Raman spectra and Vickers hardness of samples were measured and analyzed.A strong correlation between the hardness and G-peak's full width at half maximum(FWHM) was discovered.The results show that it's feasible to measure the content of sp3 by using the G-peak's FWHM in Raman spectra.福建省半导体照明工程技术研究中心资助项目(2006H0092

Catalytic Behaviors and Stability of Aerogel Silica-Supported Ni Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Methane into Synthesis Gas

以常压有机溶剂置换(A)和溶剂置换-表面改性(b)方式制备的两种SIO2气凝胶(SIO2-A(或b)型气凝胶,记为SIO2-A(Or b)g)为载体,采用常规浸渍法和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)添加浸渍法合成不同SIO2气凝胶负载的nI/SIO2催化剂,并考察其催化的甲烷部分氧化(POM)制合成气的反应性能.结果表明,各催化剂的初始反应性能相近,但nI/SIO2-bg的POM稳定性明显较nI/SIO2-Ag的差,而PVP添加制备的催化剂稳定性则获明显改善,nI/SIO2-Ag-PVP、nI/SIO2-bg-PVP上POM稳定性相近.结合X射线衍射(Xrd)、程序升温还原反应(H2-TPr)、高分辨透射电镜(TEM)和brunAuEr-EMMETT-TEllEr(bET)等表征结果的分析发现:(1)SIO2-Ag表面上存在一定量的羟基,可促进亲水性金属物种与其的相互作用,而SIO2-bg表面上基本为有机基团,与亲水性金属物种几乎无作用;(2)PVP的存在可使金属物种进入亲/疏水载体孔道深处,抑制焙烧中载体骨架的收缩和金属颗粒的生长,进而促进金属载体的相互作用.这二者均能有效地提高催化剂的POM反应稳定性.Two types of aerogel silica,denoted as SiO2- A(or B)G are synthesized with either solvent substitution(A) or solvent substitution-surface modification(B) under atmospheric conditions.Aerogel silicasupported Ni catalysts are then prepared via impregnated(IM) and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-added IM methods,and their performances for the partial oxidation of methane(POM) are investigated.The similar initial catalytic performances(activity and selectivity) are observed over the different Ni/SiO2catalysts.With respect to POM stability,Ni/SiO2-BG is significantly worse than Ni/SiO2-AG,while catalysts with PVP addition(during preparation) exhibit a significant improvement.In this case,Ni/SiO2-BG-PVP is comparable to Ni/SiO2-AG-PVP.We characterize the catalysts with X-ray diffraction(XRD),temperature-programmed hydrogen reduction(H2-TPR),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) analysis.We find that there are hydroxyls on the SiO2-AG surface that favor their interaction with hydrophilic metal species,while on the SiO2-BG surface there are organic groups that do not interact with hydrophilic metal species.In addition,with the help of PVP,metal species can access the deep pores of hydrophilic/hydrophobic silica gels.Then,the contraction of the silica framework and the growth of metal particles are inhibited during calcinations,enhancing interactions between Ni and the silica gels.These(benefits from surface hydroxyls and PVP) result in significant improvements in the catalysts with respect to POM stability.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2010CB732303); 国家自然科学基金(21033006;21373169); 长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT1036)资助~

Effect of sorafenib and celecoxib combination therapy on proliferation of the human cholangiocarcinoma cell line SK-ChA-1 in vitro

目的研究索拉非尼联合塞来昔布在体外对胆管癌细胞株Sk-CHA-1增殖的影响。方法体外培养人胆管癌细胞株Sk-CHA-1,通过MTT法检测索拉非尼单用或与塞来昔布联用时对胆管癌细胞株增殖的抑制作用,WESTErn blOT分析索拉非尼单用或与塞来昔布联用时对胆管癌细胞株内多聚AdP核糖聚合酶(PArP)蛋白表达的影响。结果索拉非尼抑制胆管癌细胞株Sk-CHA-1的增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。索拉非尼联合塞来昔布协同抑制胆管癌细胞株Sk-CHA-1的增殖。塞来昔布使索拉非尼诱导的胆管癌细胞株Sk-CHA-1的凋亡增加。结论索拉非尼联合塞来昔布能协同抑制胆管癌细胞株Sk-CHA-1的增殖,这与塞来昔布使索拉非尼诱导的细胞凋亡增加有关。Objective To investigate the effect of sorafenib and celecoxib combination therapy on proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma(CC) cells,using the cultured SK-ChA-1 cell line.Methods Inhibition of SK-ChA-1 cell proliferation by sorafenib alone and in combination with celecoxib was studied in vitro using the MTT assay.The anti-neoplastic mechanisms of sorafenib alone and in combination with celecoxib were assessed by Western blot detection of changes in the caspase cleavage substrate poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP).Results SK-ChA-1 cells treated with sorafenib alone showed a dose-dependent growth inhibition and degradation of PARP.Combination treatment with sorafenib and celecoxib synergistically increased the growth inhibition effects and enhanced the degradation of PARP.Conclusion Combination treatment with sorafenib and celecoxib results in a synergistic anti-proliferative effect in the human CC cell line SK-ChA-1;the addition of celecoxib enhances sorafenib-induced apoptosis.国家自然科学基金资助项目(81072014