食管癌患者血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体水平测定

背景:目前尚无敏感性和特异性较高的血清肿瘤标志物用于临床诊断食管癌。目的:通过测定食管癌患者血清可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体(sTNFR)水平的变化,探讨其在食管癌诊断和监控中的临床意义。方法:应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定(ABC鄄ELISA)检测56例食管癌患者和10名健康成人的血清sTNFR鄄Ⅰ、sTNFR鄄Ⅱ水平,并与血清癌胚抗原(CEA)水平进行比较。结果:食管癌患者的血清sTNFR鄄Ⅰ和CEA水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.001),而sTNFR鄄Ⅱ水平则显著低于健康对照组(P<0.001);sTNFR鄄Ⅰ与CEA的阳性率无显著差异,但均显著低于sTNFR鄄Ⅱ(P<0.001)。食管癌切除术后,患者的血清sTNFR鄄Ⅰ、sTNFR鄄Ⅱ水平均呈升高趋势,而CEA水平则无明显变化。结论:同时检测血清sTNFR鄄Ⅰ、sTNFR鄄Ⅱ水平有助于诊断食管癌和评估机体的免疫状态

沧海桑田话麋鹿

糜鹿（Elaphurus davidianus）是中国特产、世界珍稀动物。在鹿科动物中.它是最年轻的一种,距今已有二、三百万年的历史,几乎和人类同时出现。只因它角似鹿非鹿,颈似驼非驼,蹄似牛非牛,尾似驴非驴,所以,人们称它“四不象”

一种基于模型驱动的笔式界面开发框架研究

本文针对笔式用户界面开发的需求个性化、平台多样化和开发难度大的问题,提出了一种基于模型驱动的笔式界面开发框架.首先,提出了一种笔式用户界面开发架构,对笔式用户界面的特点进行抽象与描述;然后基于模型驱动开发方法提出了笔式界面的平台无关模型PIPIM以及笔式界面的平台相关模型PIPSM,并建立了PIPIM与PIPSM之间的转换方法;最后,给出了一个基于模型驱动的笔式界面开发工具Iris,并使用Iris开发了一个笔式个人信息管理系统.应用实例表明:该基于模型驱动的笔式界面开发框架能够有效支持笔式界面开发、降低开发复杂性.In order to make the pen-based user interface easy to develop with personalized requirements and diverse devices, we propose a model driven development framework. For a pen-based user interface, firstly we present a general development framework, then build a platform independent model and a platform specific model based on the model driven architecture. Furthermore, we introduce the transformation way from the former model to the latter one. At last, a toolkit named &quot;Iris&quot; is provided to support the development. The example application built by &quot;Iris&quot; shows that the model driven development framework can benefit the development of a pen-based interface and reduce the complexity of the development efficiently

post-wimp user interface model for personal information management

提出了一种面向个人信息管理(personal information management,简称PIM)的Post-WIMP界面模型 (Post-WIMP PIM interface model,简称PWPIM).首先给出了PWPIM的形式化描述,从5个方面对个人信息管理进行建模,分别描述了用户特征、领域对象和交互过程等;在此 基础上给出了PWPIM的建模方法;最后,将PWPIM应用于一个基于实物界面的PIM系统.应用实例表明,PWPIM能够有效地描述PIM的Post- WIMP界面,能够满足PIM面向大众用户、多样信息及自然交互的需求,能够为PIM的Post-WIMP界面设计、开发与评估提供理论支持.国家自然科学基金; 国家重点基础研究发展计划973; 国家高技术研究发展计划863This paper proposes a Post-WIMP interface model for personal information management(PWPIM),presents five facets to elaborate user character,domain objects,and interaction tasks,and gives the modeling method.Finally,this paper applies PWPIM to a physical interface based PIM(personal information management)system.The application example of PWPIM shows that,PWPIM can effectively describe the Post-WIMP interface for personal information management.Results also show that PWIM is fit for the feature of PIM system and is capable of guiding the PIM interface in design,development,and evaluation