植物抗逆性的获得与信息传导

概述了逆境下植物细胞水平的信号传导和生理反应及其相关基因表达的研究进展 ,并着重讨论了植物抗逆性获得与基因组DNA水平分子信号传递的可能机理。提出植物抗逆性获得的细胞分子生物学机制的模型。国家自然科学基金;福建省自然科学基金重点项目资助课题

Partial Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Genic Male Sterile Gene in Brassica Campestris

通过 RAPD标记 ,所获得的与育性基因紧密连锁的基因片段进行克隆与序列分析 ,结果表明 ,该育性基因片段为与油菜小孢子发育早期 BP4调控基因 58%同源 ,并含有一个 MADS盒高度同源的保守序列 .Southern杂交结果表明该基因为单拷贝基因We have previously identified a specific RAPD marker associated with genic male sterile, out of 300 markers of the genomic DNA from both sterile and fertile plants. Analysis of this marker with genomic DNA from other 200 restores lines and sterile lines further proved that this marker was linked to genomic DNA. By using this RAPD marker amplified with the primer CTGCATCGTG at a specific site (about 720 bp) in bulkedDNA from maintaining lines, the linked gene was partially cloned and sequence analysed. Southern blotting showed that it is single copy gene, with 58% homologous to the Brassica napus pollenspecific gene Bp4, which is activated during early microspore development. It consisted of the promoter, the TATA signal for Bp4 gene and a MADS box. homologue sequences.国家自然科学基金资助项目!(9870461和9670 512);; 福建省自然科学基金重点资助项目!(B9920001

A review of study and application on the male sterile gene engineering in plant

本文基于植物花粉花药的发育分子生物学研究成果，介绍了几种创造基因工程核雄性不 育系和胞质雄性不育系的途径，保持与恢复基因工程雄性不育系的途径和雄性不育基因工程应用 中亟待解决的问题。Based on the progress of research in developmental molecular biology of plant pollens and anthers, several approaches and methods for creating engineered male sterile genetic lines or cytoplasmic male sterile genetic lines, and methods for maintaining and restoring engineered male sterile genetic lines are introduced. Issues in the application of genetic engineering of plant male sterile are also discussed.福建省自然科学基金!（B9920001）;; 中国博士后科学基

Relation Between Changes in Ultrastructure and Composition of Cell Wall and Calcium related Physiological Disorder of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis )

缺钙培养诱导大白菜干烧心发生 ,测定心叶组织细胞壁各成分含量的变化。结果表明 ,随着缺钙天数增加 ,果胶、半纤维素 1(HC1)和纤维素的含量呈平稳上升 ,到缺钙处理后第 2 4天时达到高峰 ,随后急剧下降 ,而半纤维素 2 (HC2 )的含量变化不大 ;醛酸在果胶中的含量逐渐呈下降趋势 ,在HC2中的含量先升后降 ,而在HC1和纤维素中的含量变化不大 ;总糖在HC1和纤维素中的含量呈下降趋势 ,在果胶中的含量先升后降 ,而在HC2中的含量变化不大 ;葡聚糖含量也是先升后降 ,在缺钙处理后第 8天有一高峰值 ;尤其是蛋白质在果胶和纤维素部分中的含量较低且变化不大 ,在HC1中的含量极明显减少 ,而在HC2中的含量却极显著增加。同时 ,细胞壁结构发生相应变化。可见 ,大白菜干烧心的发生与细胞壁结构和功能的变化直接相关It is proposed that the so called “tipburn” sympton in Chinese cabbage is caused by Ca deficiency in inner leaf tissues. The changes in the cell wall structure and its composition were followed during the development of “tipburn” sympton using a hydroponic culture system for Chinese cabbage, in which Ca deficiency treatment was included. During the course of development of Ca deficiency induced, the contents of pectin, hemicellulose portion I(HC1) and cellulose increased steadily until their peaks were reached on the 24th day after treatment, then declined rapidly (Fig.1). In contrast, that of hemicellulose portion II (HC2) was stable during the course (Fig.1). The content of uronic acids decreased in the portions of pectin, rose and then dropped in the portions of HC2, kept constant in the HC1 and cellulose portions (Fig.2). The content of total sugar was decreased in the HC1 and cellulose portions, rose and then declined in the portions of pectin, but seemed to be constant in the portions of HC2 (Fig.3). The content of proteins was low and little changes in the pectin and cellulose portions during the course of Ca deficiency. However, proteins in the portions of HC1 decreased significantly in constrast to the rapid increase in the portions of HC2 (Fig.4). In addition, Ca deficiency resulted in a shift of callose synthesis during the earily days of treatment until day 8 when callose began to decrease. The role of Ca in maintaining cell wall structure and function and its relation to the development of “tipburn” sympton was disscused in connection with these results.国家自然科学基金资助项

植物激素研究中的遗传学和分子生物学方法

综述了植物激素突变体的遗传分析、植物激素作用基因及其转基因技术和反义基因技术在植物激素生物合成、生理作用和作用机理研究上应用的研究进

基于表面改性的非均匀结构硬质合金研究进展

表面改性是使材料表面获得与其基体不同微观组织的处理技术，能够有效调控材料表面的力学性能。因此，将表面改性方法应用于改善硬质合金表面的微观组织，能够有效避免均匀结构硬质合金显微结构–宏观性能的局限性，为制备高性能非均匀结构硬质合金提供技术方案。由于硬质合金表面改性研究的起步较晚且表面改性方法较多，表面改性方法的选取及其改性机理依然面临思路不清的问题。本文总结了化学表面改性梯度硬质合金的材料体系、制备机理、微观结构及力学性能，概括了物理表面改性得到的硬质合金涂层方法与功能，综述了表面改性在硬质合金领域的应用和研究进展，以期为制备高耐磨和高韧性的非均匀结构硬质合金提供参考