贝叶斯联合模型与中国洞穴鱼类分化时间的估算(鲤科:金线鲃属)

金线鲃属分布于中国云贵高原及周边地区,包括10多种适应于洞穴生活、具有不同程度眼睛和色素退化的典型洞穴鱼类.迄今为止,金线鲃属的系统发育关系还存在很大争议.我们获得了34种金线鲃属鱼类及外类群的细胞色素b和ND4基因序列,用贝叶斯联合模型分析数据,重建了金线鲃属的系统发育关系;并用松散分子钟估算了本属及内部分支的起源时间.金线鲃属的单系性得到强烈的支持,本属可分为6个分支.此外,本研究结果还支持洞穴物种的多系起源假说以及季氏金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus jii)的基部位置.松散分子钟估算表明

Discussion of building law enforcement service tax management pattern

税收征管模式在一定程度上决定着一个国家的税收征管水平，反映着一个国家的税收法制建设和纳税服务的情况。20世纪80年代以来，西方发达国家为寻求适合本国国情的税收征管模式不断地进行探索，充分运用现代信息技术，不断更新税收征管方式，现已进入到了“服务为先，执法为基”的现代公共税收征管模式阶段。近几年，随着社会主义市场经济体制逐步推进，我国的经济建设和民主法制取得了很大进步。现行税收征管模式形成的低效率、高成本，已越来越不适应我国当前生产力发展水平与和谐社会的需要，迫切需要构建与我国社会进步相适应的新型税收征管模式。正是基于以上原因，本文展开了建设执法服务型税收征管模式有关问题的理论探讨，通过转变征纳...The tax collection and management pattern decides the state of its tax management , as well as the state of legal sysytem and tax services. Since the 1980s, The western developed country tried their best to find the suitable tax evenue collection pattern. They made full use of the latest information technology, renewed the tax revenue collection system. So now these country have already attained t...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院财政系_财政学(含税收学)学号：1552006115088

Searches about Our Country Case Guidance System

建立案例指导制度是一项重大的司法改革。在以制定法为特色的现代中国法律制度中，在司法审判工作中要引入带有判例法色彩的中国式“案例指导制度”，是一项前所未有的工作。这其中包含着许多重大的观念变革和制度变革，如何建立一套既能保持制定法传统、又能借鉴判例法制度的审判方式，需要我们作出认真而细致的调查和研究。本文试从立法、司法层面以及比较判例法制度和当代世界法系融通的趋势的基础上，结合我国的基本国情，对我国案例指导制度的构建提出一些粗浅的建议。 本文共分为四章。 第一章我国案例指导制度概述。该章首先对案例指导制度的概念、性质进行了明确的界定。其次，具体论述了案例指导制度的定位和效力，并与判例法进行了...The establishment of case guidance system is a significant judicial reform. In take the written law as in the characteristic modern China legal regime, must introduce in the judicature administration of justice which has the case-law color Chinese style “the case guidance system”, is an unprecedented work. In containing many significant idea transformations and the system transforms, how to establ...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_诉讼法学学号：1292006115046

A Research on Marketing Strategy for X company

营销策略（MarketingStrategy）是一个市场营销思路与竞争游戏规则，更是一个不断被实践验证、卓有成效的的营销手段，尤其适合于中小新创企业。截止2015年底，我国网民已经达到6.88亿人，网络零售总额占据社会零售总额的14%，互联网的发展阵势是入侵一个接一个的传统行业，先是慢慢地蚕蚀、再是激烈地冲击、最后是根本性颠覆，侧面试探演变为正面出击，再升级为全面进攻，服装、零售、3C产品、家电、媒体、房产交易、金融……无不遭遇相同的“沦陷”。前段时间，人们也深深体会到打车软件对出租车利益格局的打破，支付宝等互联网金融带来的颠覆式金融体验。“不打不相识”，随着互联网科技的进一步发展和人们对网络...Marketing strategy is not only a marketing idea and the rule of game,but also a proven and effective marketing method ,which is especially suitable for the new enterprises and small&medium-size enterprises and helps the company get and keep the competitive advantage. By end 2015,there are 688million netizen in China, Network retail sales had accounted for 14% of total retail sale. The Internet ha...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：管理学院_工商管理硕士(工商管理硕士)学号：1792013115071

A Research on Enterprise performance management-oriented mode for employee career development

济浪潮席卷全球的今天，人力资源作为一种“特殊资产”，已经成为企业的核心竞争力，对企业的发展起到越来越重要的作用。特别是在通信行业这个激烈竞争和飞速变化的市场环境中，以留住吸引优秀人才、合理配置企业人力资源从而达到改善企业整体绩效目的的管理活动日益受到企业的重视。企业也逐步意识到员工职业发展对于企业的重要性并积极进行尝试，以求得企业整体绩效的提高。本文正是以F市电信为例详细阐述了通信企业如何在企业绩效管理为导向前提下进行员工职业生涯管理以及目前通信企业职业生涯管理存在的问题。 为六章。第一章交待了研究课题的由来及其现实意义，明确了全文的研究框架和研究逻辑，并简单说明了本论文的框架和内容安排；第...Human Resources, as a special asset and core competence for enterprises, has played an increasing important role in developing enterprises. HR leaders work closely with senior managements to attract, retain and reasonably allocate people with the aptitude to enhance enterprise performance. These kinds of developing processes are well appreciated especially in a highly competitive and rapidly chang...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院企业管理系_企业管理(含财务管理、市场营销、人力资源管理)学号：K20020715

Analysis On The Operating Circumstances Of MPCC And Developing Strategy

茂名公司是由页岩油厂发展成为的以炼油为龙头、石油化工一体化的特大型石油化工企业。 本文通过查阅大量的资料，广泛收集基础数据，应用管理学和经济学的基本原理和方法，对茂名公司的内、外部环境进行了广泛深入的分析，详细阐述了企业面临的诸多的机遇和威胁，以及自身存在的优势与劣势，提出了茂名公司应发挥以炼油化工一体化为特色的超大型石油化工基地的产业优势、巨大市场潜力的区位优势，抓住石油化工产品需求转旺、国家实施西部开发战略的机遇，依托现有公用工程、基础设施，利用国产化的先进工艺技术，开展新一轮的炼油化工改扩建工程，将炼油能力扩大至1850万吨/年，乙烯改造后规模达到80万吨/年，形成经济规模，以扩展市场...Maoming Petrochemical Corporation (MPCC) is an extra large scale petrochemical corporation which has developed from a oil shale refinery into a super comprehensive enterprise with petroleum processing as mainstay and integrated with petrochemical processing. Based on the basic data and material collected extensively, the basic theories and methods of management and economy are applied to analyze ...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X200015002

Analysis of marketing channel strategy in the automobile insurance of PICC Xiamen

改革开放以来，我国的保险市场环境发生了巨大的变化。从1980年我国恢复保险业至今已有30多个年头，保险经营主体从中国人民保险公司一家发展到现在上百家，保险中介的数量和规模与日俱增，保险消费的观念越来越被人们所接受，保险市场的业务总量突飞猛进。 在财产保险中，机动车辆保险是发展最快的业务之一。伴随着人们生活水平的提高和社会经济环境的变化，在1980-2010年的30年间，全国保险市场承保的机动车辆从7922辆迅速上升到1806万辆，财产险总保险费也从人民币728万元猛增到人民币3895.6亿元，到2010年机动车辆保险保费已经占到财产保险业务总量的74%以上，厦门市机动车辆保险占到财产保险公司...Since reform and opening-up, the environment for insurance industry has changed greatly. It has been over 30 years since 1980 when the insurance industry was recovered. Nowadays, there have been over one hundred insurance companies compared with the single one, China Insurance Company, in the beginning. With the development of insurance agencies in quantity and scale, the insurance consumption con...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心（MBA中心）_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X200815502

pJAK2 polypeptide,an antagonist of suppressors of cytokine signaling-1,can enhance the antitumor effect of dendritic cells

目的:探讨细胞因子信号转导抑制因子-1(SuPPrESSOrS Of CyTOkInE SIgnAlIng1,SOCS1)拮抗物PJAk2多肽(氨基酸序列号为1001-1013)参与树突状细胞(dEndrITIC CEllS,dCS)的体外诱导培养后对dCS抗肿瘤作用的影响。方法:采集健康人外周血,离心获得单个核细胞,用重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rECOMbInAnT HuMAn grAnulOCyTE-MACrOPHAgE COlOny STIMulATIng fACTOr,rHgM-CSf)及重组人白细胞介素-4(rECOMbInAnT HuMAn InTErlEukIn-4,rHIl-4)诱导dCS,第5天分为4组:单纯dCS培养(对照)组、抗原负载(lySATE-dCS)组、多肽修饰(PJAk2-dCS)组和抗原与多肽共培养(lySATE+PJAk2-dCS)组,第6天各组加入肿瘤坏死因子-α(TuMOr nECrOSIS fACTOr-AlPHA,Tnf-α)促成熟。倒置显微镜下观察dCS形态;fCM法检测dCS表型;乳酸脱氢酶(lACTATE dEHydrOgEnASE,ldH)细胞毒实验检测各组细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CyTOTOXIC T lyMPHOCyTE,CTl)对胃癌细胞bgC-823的靶向杀伤作用;ElISA法检测白细胞介素-12(InTErlEukIn-12,Il-12)和γ干扰素(InTErfErOn-γ,Ifn-γ)的水平。结果:与未加入诱导剂组相比,各组均成功诱导出成熟dCS,均高表达Cd80、Cd83、Cd86和人类白细胞dr抗原(HuMAn lEukOCyTE AnTIgEn dr,HlA-dr),但以lySATE+PJAk2-dCS组的表达水平最高。在10:1~30:1的效靶比范围内,CTl杀伤作用与效靶比呈正相关。当效靶比为30:1时,对照组的CTl杀伤率达(19.77±2.34)%,低于其他3组(P<0.01),而lySATE+PJAk2-dCS组较lySATE-dCS组及PJAk2-dCS组都高(P<0.05)。lySATE+PJAk2-dCS组培养上清液中Il-12及Ifn-γ的分泌水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:SOCS1拮抗物PJAk2多肽(1001-1013)可增强dCS对胃癌细胞的抗原递呈及特异性抗肿瘤作用。Objective:To investigate the effect of pJAK2 polypeptide,an antagonist of SOCS1(suppressors of cytokine signaling 1),on antitumor effect of in vitro cultivation-induced DCs(dendritic cells).Methods:Peripheral blood was collected from the healthy volunteers,and the PBMCs(peripheral blood mononuclear cells)were isolated.DCs were induced by rhGM-CSF(recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)and rhIL-4(recombinant human interleukin-4).On the fifth day,DCs were divided into four groups:control group,Lysate-DCs group,pJAK2-DCs group,and Lysate + pJAK2 DCs group.On the sixth day,TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha)was added into each group.The morphological features of DCs were observed under an inverted microscope;the phenotypes were detected by FCM(flow cytometry);the killing effect of CTLs(cytotoxic T lymphocytes)on gastric cancer BGC-823 cells was evaluated by LDH(lactate dehydrogenase)cytotoxicity test;the concentrations of IL-12(interleukin-12)and IFN-γ(interferon-γ)were detected by ELISA(enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay).Results:Mature DCs presented typically morphological and phenotypic features;the DCs in Lysate + pJAK2-DCs group had the highest expression levels of CD80,CD83,CD86 and HLA-DR(human leukocyte antigen DR).When the ratio of effectors to target cells ranged from 10:1 to 30:1,the killing activity of CTLs had a positive correlation with the ratio.When the ratio of effectors to target cells was 30:1,the killing activity of CTLs in the control group was(19.77±2.34)%,which was lowest as compared with the other groups(P < 0.01),meanwhile the killing activity of CTLs in Lysate + pJAK2-DCs group was higher than those in Lysate-DCs and pJAK2-DCs groups(P < 0.05).The levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ secretion in Lysate + pJAK2-DCs group were apparently higher than those in the control group(P < 0.01).Conclusion:An antagonist of SOCS1,pJAK2 polypeptide,can enhance the ability of antigen presentation and specific antitumor effect of DCs on gastric cancer cells.南京军区医学科技创新课题资助项目(编号:10MA068); 福建省自然科学基金面上项目(编号:2010D013); 厦门市科技计划创新项目(编号:3502z20104014

财政压力、税收转移与增值税分成机制探索

在生产地原则下,增值税税收存在由消费地向征收地转移的现象。本文采用空间动态面板模型,从人口负担、社会性支出负担和财政自给率三个角度对财政压力与增值税税收转移的关系进行检验。研究表明,在现有征收模式下,我国增值税税收由财政压力大的地区向财政压力相对较小的地区转移,形成了税收收入的\"马太效应\"。其中,社会性支出负担对税收转入存在负向强化,财政自给率对税收转入存在正向强化。进一步研究发现,以人口为分成基数的方案不仅更符合流转税在流通中征收的性质、更符合税收\"中性\"的要求,也更有利于地区间财政压力的分担和区域的协调发展

利用管桩余浆和破碎混凝土固体废料年产3万m~3混凝土砖生产线的物料平衡和经济效益分析

分析研究表明:对于年产800万米PHC高强混凝土管桩,同时拥有年产60万m~3商品混凝土生产线的建材企业,每年产生的管桩余浆约为60000吨、混凝土固体废料约为32540m~2。如果把这些余浆和混凝土固体废料,用来生产混凝土砖的话,每年可以生产混凝土砖3万m~3。本混凝土砖生产线,刚好能把上述管桩余浆和混凝土固体废料全部利用,每年可获利税438万元