73 research outputs found

    A Heavily Boron-Doping Method for Fabrication of Thick MEMS Structural Layer

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    在MEMS器件中,浓硼掺杂层通常为器件的结构层.但由于受表面固溶度及浓度梯度影响,该掺杂层(硼原子浓度≥5x1019CM-3)厚度越大所需的扩散时间越长.为了能在同等扩散工艺条件下,制备出更厚的浓硼掺杂层以满足器件要求,提出了多步扩散法.即在保证总的累计扩散时间不变的前提下,将传统的扩散过程分为两个相对短的扩散周期.并且这两个周期连续进行,每个周期各包含一次预扩散和再分布.与传统的两步扩散相比,多步扩散法可为硅基底引入更大量的硼杂质,并且具有一定能力使硼杂质留在一定深度范围内.因此该方法可以获得更大的有效节深.实验中采用该方法成功制备出21μM厚的浓硼掺杂层.然而在文献中提到的采用传统两步法在同样条件下得到的厚度则小于15μM.从而验证了该方法可在同等扩散工艺条件下,可以制备出更厚的浓硼掺杂层.In MEMS devices,heavily boron-doped layers are usually used as structural layers.Due to the influence of solid solubility and concentration gradient in area near surface,the fabrication of a thicker layer(boron concentration≥5 × 10 19 cm-3) needs a longer diffusion duration.In order to fabricate the thicker layer under the same diffusion condition,multi-step diffusion method is put forth.It divides conventional diffusion process into two relatively short periods while maintaining the same cumulative diffusion duration.The two periods are performed continuously and each diffusion period includes one predeposition and one drive-in.Compared with conventional two-step diffusion method,this multi-step diffusion method can bring a larger quantity of boron dopants to silicon substrate and possesses the potential to trap dopants at a certain depth.Thus,it is possible to obtain thicker heavily boron-doped layers.In the experiment,a 21 μm thick heavily boron-doped layer was obtained by this method,6 μm thicker than that obtained in references(less than 15 μm) using conventional two-step method under the same diffusion condition,which demonstrates that this method can fabricate thicker heavily boron-doped layers under the same diffusion condition.thesupportfromAviationScienceFoundationofChina(20110868001); AviationKeyLaboratoryofScienceandTechnologyonInertia~

    Genomic Insights into the Formation of Human Populations in East Asia

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    厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室王传超教授课题组与哈佛医学院David Reich教授团队合作,联合全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队通过古DNA精细解析东亚人群形成历史。研究人员利用古DNA数据检验了东亚地区农业和语言共扩散理论,综合考古学、语言学等证据,该研究系统性地重构了东亚人群的形成、迁徙和混合历史。这是目前国内开展的东亚地区最大规模的考古基因组学研究,此次所报道的东亚地区古人基因组样本量是以往国内研究机构所发表的样本量总和的两倍,改变了东亚地区尤其是中国境内考古基因组学研究长期滞后的局面。 该研究是由王传超教授团队与哈佛医学院(David Reich教授)、德国马普人类历史科学研究所(Johannes Krause教授)、复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室(李辉教授和金力院士)、维也纳大学进化人类学系(Ron Pinhasi副教授)、南洋理工大学人文学院(Hui-Yuan Yeh助理教授)、俄罗斯远东联邦大学科学博物馆(Alexander N Popov研究员)、西安交通大学(张虎勤教授)、蒙古国国家博物馆研究中心、乌兰巴托国立大学考古系、华盛顿大学人类学系、台湾成功大学考古所、加州大学人类学系等全球43个单位的85位共同作者组成的国际合作团队联合完成的。厦门大学人类学研究所、厦门大学生命科学学院细胞应激生物学国家重点实验室为论文第一完成单位。厦门大学人类学研究所韦兰海副教授、胡荣助理教授、郭健新博士后、何光林博士后和杨晓敏硕士参与了研究工作。The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people1,2. We report genome-wide data from 166 East Asians dating to 6000 BCE-1000 CE and 46 present-day groups. Hunter-gatherers from Japan, the Amur River Basin, and people of Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan and the Tibetan plateau are linked by a deeply-splitting lineage likely reflecting a Late Pleistocene coastal migration. We follow Holocene expansions from four regions. First, hunter-gatherers of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin have ancestry shared by Mongolic and Tungusic language speakers but do not carry West Liao River farmer ancestry contradicting theories that their expansion spread these proto-languages. Second, Yellow River Basin farmers at ~3000 BCE likely spread Sino-Tibetan languages as their ancestry dispersed both to Tibet where it forms up ~84% to some groups and to the Central Plain where it contributed ~59-84% to Han Chinese. Third, people from Taiwan ~1300 BCE to 800 CE derived ~75% ancestry from a lineage also common in modern Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic speakers likely deriving from Yangtze River Valley farmers; ancient Taiwan people also derived ~25% ancestry from a northern lineage related to but different from Yellow River farmers implying an additional north-to-south expansion. Fourth, Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry arrived in western Mongolia after ~3000 BCE but was displaced by previously established lineages even while it persisted in western China as expected if it spread the ancestor of Tocharian Indo-European languages. Two later gene flows affected western Mongolia: after ~2000 BCE migrants with Yamnaya and European farmer ancestry, and episodic impacts of later groups with ancestry from Turan.We thank David Anthony, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Katherine Brunson, Rowan Flad, Pavel Flegontov,Qiaomei Fu, Wolfgang Haak, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Richard Meadow,Inigo Olalde, Nick Patterson, Pontus Skoglund, Dan Xu, and the four reviewers for valuable comments. We thank Naruya Saitou and the Asian DNA Repository Consortium for sharing genotype data from present-day Japanese groups. We thank Toyohiro Nishimoto and Takashi Fujisawa from the Rebun Town Board of Education for sharing the Funadomari Jomon samples, and Hideyo Tanaka and Watru Nagahara from the Archeological Center of Chiba City who are excavators of the Rokutsu Jomon site. The excavations at Boisman-2 site (Boisman culture), the Pospelovo-1 site (Yankovsky culture), and the Roshino-4 site (Heishui Mohe culture) were funded by the Far Eastern Federal University and the Institute of History,Archaeology and Ethnology Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; research on Pospelovo-1 is funded by RFBR project number 18-09-40101. C.C.W was funded by the Max Planck Society, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31801040), the Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302), the Major project of National Social Science Foundation of China (20&ZD248), a European Research Council (ERC) grant to Dan Xu (ERC-2019-ADG-883700-TRAM) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZK1144). O.B. and Y.B. were funded by Russian Scientific Foundation grant 17-14-01345. H.M. was supported by the grant JSPS 16H02527. M.R. and C.C.W received funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No 646612) to M.R. The research of C.S. is supported 30 by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. H.L was funded NSFC (91731303, 31671297), B&R International Joint Laboratory of Eurasian Anthropology (18490750300). J.K. was funded by DFG grant KR 4015/1-1, the Baden Württemberg Foundation, and the Max Planck Institute. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (BCS-1460369) to D.J.K. and B.J.C. D.R. was funded by NSF grant BCS-1032255, NIH (NIGMS) grant GM100233, the Paul M. Allen Frontiers Group, John Templeton Foundation grant 61220, a gift from Jean-Francois Clin, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 该研究得到了国家自然科学基金“中国东南各族群的遗传混合”、国家社科基金重大项目“多学科视角下的南岛语族的起源和形成研究”、厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划A类、中央高校基本科研业务费等资助

    超声对气液鼓泡流中气泡发生频率的作用

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    在内径160 mm,高300 mm 的玻璃槽中,采用0~200 W 可调功聚能型超声波发生器研究了超声波功率、聚能头与进气管距离、聚能头放置方式、聚能头投入深度、进气流量和反射室直径等因素对气液鼓泡流中气泡发生频率的影响。实验结果表明,聚能头竖直放置时,随着功率的增加,单位时间内气泡数目先减少而后急剧增加;聚能头水平放置时,单位时间内气泡数目随着功率增加而增加;聚能头距分布管越远,超声波对气泡的破碎作用越小,气体流量越大,单位时间内气泡数目越多,反射室直径在一定范围内越小,单位时间内气泡数目越多

    超声对气液鼓泡流中气泡发生频率的作用

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    在内径160mm,高300mm的玻璃槽中,采用0~200W可调功聚能型超声波发生器研究了超声波功率、聚能头与进气管距离、聚能头放置方式、聚能头没入深度、进气流量和反射室直径等因素对气液鼓泡流中气泡发生频率的影响。实验结果表明,聚能头竖直放置时,随着功率的增加,单位时间内气泡数目先减少而后急剧增加;聚能头水平放置时,单位时间内气泡数目随着功率增加而增加;聚能头距分布管越远,超声波对气泡的破碎作用越小;气体流量越大,单位时间内气泡数目越多;反射室直径在一定范围内越小,单位时间内气泡数目越多

    超声对气液鼓泡流中气泡发生频率的作用

    No full text
    在内径160mm,高300mm的玻璃槽中,采用0~200W可调功聚能型超声波发生器研究了超声波功率、聚能头与进气管距离、聚能头放置方式、聚能头没入深度、进气流量和反射室直径等因素对气液鼓泡流中气泡发生频率的影响。实验结果表明,聚能头竖直放置时,随着功率的增加,单位时间内气泡数目先减少而后急剧增加;聚能头水平放置时,单位时间内气泡数目随着功率增加而增加;聚能头距分布管越远,超声波对气泡的破碎作用越小;气体流量越大,单位时间内气泡数目越多;反射室直径在一定范围内越小,单位时间内气泡数目越多

    新型搅混翼对燃料棒流致振动导致的微动磨蚀影响研究

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    针对由形状记忆合金制作的新型搅混翼的强化换热效果及其影响下的燃料棒微动磨蚀问题,利用双向流固热耦合的方法模拟了新型搅混翼下的流场分布、压降损失及燃料棒受力情况,并建立了燃料棒受力的非线性振动模型,计算了燃料棒相对于定位格架的微动磨蚀功率。结果表明:形状记忆合金搅混翼可不产生额外的压力损失而强化燃料棒与冷却剂间的传热;强化传热效果随着搅混翼的最大弯折角度的增大而增大;同时,燃料棒与定位格架间的微动磨蚀功率随着搅混翼的弯折角度增大而增大

    基于多体动力学仿真的RV减速器角传动误差虚拟样机的建立

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    为研究摆线轮修形、轴承游隙对RV减速器角传动误差的影响,基于多体动力学仿真技术,结合目前最前沿的相对坐标系形位空间法和边界盒法的混合接触检验算法,建立齿轮之间的多体接触,运用弹簧力单元消除动力学仿真模型中冗余约束的同时,引入轴承游隙,建立了一套包含摆线轮修形、轴承游隙、齿轮多体接触的RV减速器动力学仿真模型,运用多体动力学计算仿真,检验摆线轮特定齿廓修形条件下RV减速器角传动误差和不同轴承游隙等级的减速器角传动误差,为多体动力学仿真研究摆线轮修形和轴承游隙对RV减速器角传动误差的影响提供了一种新的建模思路方法

    压水堆一回路污垢放射性分布预测模型

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    为研究压水堆一回路堆芯污垢中放射性物质的产量和分布情况,以典型压水堆(Pressurized Water Reactor,PWR)一回路为研究对象,针对一回路中的放射性物质,建立了污垢沉积及放射性物质的产量分布预测模型。模型对污垢沉积和放射性物质的预测结果与污垢仿真程序CRUDSIM(Chalk River Unidentified Deposits SIMulation)的计算结果差异小于5%。在此基础上,分析了冷却剂流速、氢气含量和冷却剂入口温度的影响。结果表明:放射性物质的含量随堆芯冷却剂流速和氢气含量而增大,且对蒸汽发生器(Steam Generator,SG)中放射性物质含量的影响比堆芯分别高93.9%和10%。冷却剂入口温度增加8%时,放射性物质的含量减小9%,且对堆芯中放射性物质含量的影响比SG大19%。降低冷却剂流速和降低氢气含量有利于降低SG的放射性物质含量;提高冷却剂入口温度可以有效降低堆芯的放射性物质含量

    大气中<bold><sup>7</sup>Be</bold>和<bold><sup>210</sup>Pb</bold>时空分布特征差异和机制解析

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    对南宁市6 a内采集的75个气溶胶样品进行观测,其中7Be和210Pb活度浓度分别为0.27~11.95 mBq·m-3、(3.68±0.51)mBq·m-3和0.23~4.33 mBq·m-3、(1.51±0.13) mBq·m-3,7Be和210Pb呈现“冬春高、夏秋低”季节特征,7Be最高值出现在春季,210Pb最高值则在冬季。7Be、210Pb与PM2.5、PM10的同相位季节特征和较强正相关说明颗粒物载带7Be和210Pb在大气中传输;7Be与O3的强相关性证实“春季泄漏”引起7Be自上而下从平流层进入对流层并导致7Be春季最高值;大气逆轨迹聚类分析指示东亚季风导致210Pb冬季最高值。整合全国17个不同地区大量数据发现,210Pb存在纬度效应,即40°N以北210Pb活度均值约为40°N以南的2.2倍;7Be存在纬度效应和高度效应,即35°N以北7Be浓度均值约为以南的1.9倍,7Be自上而下从平流层输入对流层过程导致高海拔地区的高7Be效应。7Be和210Pb时空分布差异导致二者冬春季有效剂量约为夏秋季的1.4倍,40°N以北地区有效剂量约为35°N以南的2.0倍

    多功能超声波组织处理仪在肾穿刺活检组织处理中的应用

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    肾穿刺组织病理学检查是肾脏疾病诊断、指导治疗和预后判断的一种重要手段。肾脏穿刺病理组织制片过程程序复杂,且时间较长,经常出现一些不尽人意的人为现象[1]。为了提高肾穿刺组织病理诊断水平,确保制出的切片薄、染色好,其标本的处理就显得尤为重要。我科应用JYCL-2超声波组织处理仪处理肾穿刺组织,简化步骤并在常规病理制片
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