Remained or Repealed of Penal Code 306:Listen to the Legal Professional Persons' Opinions

刑法第306条(又称律师伪证罪)从其诞生之日起就面临着当存还是当废的巨大争议,这些争议或来自学理或来自实践中的相关利益群体。2009年底至2010年初的李庄案再次使得这一争论从幕后转至台前。通过考察法律职业人对第306条的真实态度,可以深入地发掘争议背后的社会因素:即司法机关观念上的误区;诉讼结构的不合理;追诉程序上的瑕疵,从而从实体和程序上为刑法第306条的未来寻求一条理性的出路———存而慎用。Penal Code 306 has been faced with controversy which should be remained or be repealed all the times from its birth which is from theories or interests groups in practice.This controversy is made from backstage to stage because of case of Li Zhuang which happened from late 2009 to early 2010.We can deeply explore the social factors behind the controversy : misunderstanding of judicial organization;unreasonable of criminal structure;and defect of prosecution procedure through investigating the legal professional persons' attitude to Penal Code 306 to find a reasonable way for the Penal Code 306' s future——remained and applied cautiously.美国麦克阿瑟基金会研究项目---

Study of Liquidity in Taiwan's Financial Markets During the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis

本研究探討美國次級房貸問題引發的全球金融危機對台灣股票與期貨市場流動性造成的影響，利用了四個流動性的衡量指標，以台灣股票集中市場與期貨市場中的股價指數期貨為實證對象，計算市場流動性的數值。實證結果發現，衡量指標較一致的顯示股票市場之流動性在全球金融危機發生時有變差的現象，期貨市場流動性則依不同估計方式有不一樣的結果，但臺股期貨與小型臺指期貨在金融危機發生時用不同指標衡量卻多指出其流動性為增加，有較一致的結論，金融危機使台股整體的現貨市場與連結大盤指數的期貨市場產生流動性反向變化之情形

The Effects of Brand Awareness, Co-branding and Price of Product on Customer's Perceived Quality, Perceived Risk and Purchase Intention – A Case Study on Taiwan-made Products with MIT Smile Logo

In order to make products which are made in Taiwan more competitive in the market, Industrial Development Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, has issued the Taiwan-made Product MIT Smile Logo certification in 2009. This logo can prove certified products has great quality through the third party with the credible authentication institution. The purpose of this study is to examine if the product has MIT smile logo certification, consumers will increase confidence in the product and purchase intention. This study use three independent variables including brand awareness, co-branding with MIT Smile Logo and product price to examine these independent variables how to influence consumers' perceived quality, perceived risk and then affect the purchase intention of consumers in different situation. In part of the research methods, this study used the experimental design method to design 16 different types of questionnaires (high/low degree of product involvement, high/low brand awareness, with/without MIT Smile Logo, high/low price). The object of study is for the general public consumers and the questionnaires use Likert 5-Point Scale. We used T-test to investigate the differences of perceived quality and perceived risk between high/low brand awareness, with/without MIT Smile Logo and high/low price. The relationship between perceived quality, perceived risk and purchase intention was used linear regression to examine. The results of the study reveal that no matter how high or low degree of product involvement, the conclusion of these research hypotheses are the same. Perceived quality is higher while perceived risk is lower when the product has higher brand awareness or is marked a co-branding which named MIT Smile Logo. Furthermore, it also shows that different prices have no impact on perceived quality and perceived risk. Finally, this study finds out there is a positive relationship between perceived quality and purchase intention. On the other hand, a negative relationship between perceived risk and purchase intention is founded.為使台灣製產品在市場上更有競爭力，經濟部工業局在2009年推出MIT微笑標章認證，透過第三方具公信力的驗證機構證明通過認證的產品具有良好的品質。本研究旨在探討消費者是否會因為產品具有MIT微笑標章認證，而增加對該產品的信心及購買意願。本研究利用品牌知名度、MIT微笑標章聯合品牌以及產品價格的高低這三個自變數，檢驗產品在不同情況下，如何影響消費者的知覺品質、知覺風險，進而影響到消費者的購買意圖。 在研究方法的部分，本研究利用實驗設計法設計十六種不同類型的問卷(產品涉入程度的高低、品牌知名度的高低、有無標示MIT微笑標章聯合品牌、高價與低價)，研究對象為一般的大眾消費者，以李克特五點尺度量表進行問卷施測，並針對回收的問卷資料進行敘述性統計分析、信度分析、效度分析、變異數分析、差異性分析與迴歸分析，求得假說之驗證。 研究結果發現，不論產品涉入程度高或低，對於本研究假設的結論皆相同，而品牌知名度和聯合品牌對知覺品質及知覺風險具有顯著性差異；產品價格對於知覺品質與知覺風險皆無顯著差異；知覺品質與購買意圖呈現正向關係；知覺風險與購買意圖呈現負向關係。最後，根據本研究分析結果，提出理論與實務意涵，並針對未來研究方向提出建議。第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 4 第二章 文獻探討 6 2.1 品牌知名度 6 2.2 聯合品牌 7 2.3 產品價格 9 2.4 知覺品質 10 2.5 知覺風險 11 2.6 購買意圖 14 2.7 品牌知名度與知覺品質的關係 16 2.8 聯合品牌與知覺品質的關係 16 2.9 產品價格與知覺品質的關係 17 2.10 品牌知名度與知覺風險的關係 18 2.11 聯合品牌與知覺風險的關係 18 2.12 產品價格與知覺風險的關係 19 2.13 知覺品質與購買意圖的關係 19 2.14 知覺風險與購買意圖的關係 20 第三章 研究方法 21 3.1 研究架構 21 3.2 研究範圍與對象 21 3.3 研究設計 22 3.4 統計分析方法 28 第四章 資料分析與研究結果 31 4.1 抽樣過程 31 4.2 敘述性統計 31 4.3 抽樣誤差檢定 37 4.4 信度分析 39 4.5 效度分析 40 4.6 MANOVA分析 45 4.7 研究假說驗證 50 第五章 結論 64 5.1 研究結論 64 5.2 學術貢獻與實務意涵 69 5.3 研究限制與未來發展建議 71 參考文獻 73 附錄 8

Color-temperature Correspondence: Its Nature and Its Impact on Object Temperature Perception

Color cues are often used to represent information concerning temperature, with red typically being associated with warm/hot, and blue with cold. Recent research from NTT Communication Science Laboratories demonstrated that such correspondences between color and temperature are not merely a design practice derived from a common sense belief. Instead, they have an actual impact on our information processing efficiency and object temperature perception. These findings are useful for the development of multimodal interfaces whose purpose is to provide a holistic experience in telecommunication and virtual environments

認識身旁的小傢伙(十一)--味覺刺激引發蟑螂口器的吸吮反射與前長的前饋作用

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Temperature as an exteroceptive sense: Challenges remain in thermal modeling of skin–object interactions

Comment on: Rykaczewski K. Modeling thermal contact resistance at the finger-object interface. Temperature. 2019;6(1):85–95. doi:10.1080/23328940.2018.1551706

Material recognition based on thermal cues: Mechanisms and applications

Some materials feel colder to the touch than others, and we can use this difference in perceived coldness for material recognition. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying material recognition based on thermal cues. It provides an overview of the physical, perceptual, and cognitive processes involved in material recognition. It also describes engineering domains in which material recognition based on thermal cues have been applied. This includes haptic interfaces that seek to reproduce the sensations associated with contact in virtual environments and tactile sensors aim for automatic material recognition. The review concludes by considering the contributions of this line of research in both science and engineering

Warm or Cool, Large or Small? The Challenge of Thermal Displays

Thermal displays have been developed to present thermal cues to the hand to facilitate object recognition in virtual environments or in teleoperated robotic systems. This review focuses on this application domain of thermal displays and considers the models developed to simulate the thermal interaction between an object and the hand as they make contact. An overview of thermal perception and the mechanisms underlying the processing of thermal information is provided to give a framework for analyzing the design of thermal displays. The models developed to simulate thermal feedback are examined together with a description of the implementation of these models in thermal displays. The domains in which thermal displays have been used are described; this includes the simulation of material properties, the recreation of large-scale thermal effects in virtual environments, the encoding of abstract concepts and the use of thermal feedback in interactive art. The review concludes by considering the advantages and challenges associated with using thermal displays in these diverse areas

Development and evaluation of a thermal display for material identification and discrimination

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a thermal display that assists in object identification in virtual environments by simulating the thermal cues associated with making contact with materials with different thermal properties. The thermal display was developed based on a semi-infinite body model. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the display. The first experiment compared the ability of subjects' to identify various materials, which were presented physically or simulated with the thermal display. The second experiment examined the capacity of subjects to discriminate between a real and simulated material based on thermal cues. In the third experiment, the changes in skin temperature that occurred when making contact with real and simulated materials were measured to evaluate how these compare to theoretical predictions. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in material identification and discrimination when subjects were presented with real or simulated materials. The changes in skin temperature were comparable for real and simulated materials and were related to the contact coefficient of the material palpated, consistent with the semi-infinite body model. These findings suggest that a thermal display is capable of facilitating object recognition when visual cues are limited

Modeling the Thermal Responses of the Skin Surface During Hand-Object Interactions

The objective of this research is to analyze and model the decreases in skin temperature when the hand makes contact with an object at room temperature so that thermal feedback can be incorporated into haptic displays. A thermal model is proposed that predicts the thermal responses of the skin and object surface as well as the heat flux exchanged during hand-object interactions. The model was evaluated by comparing the theoretical predictions of temperature changes to those experimentally measured using an infrared thermal measurement system. The thermal measurement system was designed to overcome the limitations imposed by contact thermal sensors, and was able to measure skin temperature during contact, together with the contact area and contact force. The experimental results indicated that over the pressure range of 0.73– 10.98 kPa, changes in skin temperature were well localized to the contact area and were affected by contact pressure. The pressure in turn influenced both thermal contact resistance and blood flow. Over the range of contact forces typically used in manual exploration, blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation do not appear to have a significant effect on the skin’s thermal responses. The theoretical predictions and the measured data were consistent in characterizing the time course and amplitude of the skin temperature change during contact with differences typically being less than 1 ℃ between the two for pressures greater than 4 kPa. These findings indicate that the proposed thermal model is able to characterize and predict the skin temperature responses during hand-object interactions and could be used in a thermal display that simulates the properties of different materials