环境水样中~(129)I分析及其在环境示踪中的应用

~(129)I是碘的唯一长寿命放射性同位素(半衰期为1570万年),目前环境中~(129)I主要来源于人类核活动,尤其是欧洲核燃料后处理厂的排放。人工~(129)I的大量释放使环境中~(129)I的水平大幅度升高,具有明显的空间分布规律,并且随排放时间呈现明显的变化趋势。~(129)I是一种理想的环境示踪剂,可应用于核环境安全监测,包括核事故监测和评价、核燃料后处理厂~(129)I排放和环境影响评价以及应用于环境过程示踪研究。陆地环境水样中稳定碘(~(127)I)水平较低,~(129)I含量更是处于超低水平,因此,准确分析其中超低含量~(129)I及其化学形态是研究难点。本文系统地评述了环境水样中~(129)I及其形态的分析方法,~(129)I的水平、分布及其在核设施环境安全监测和稳定碘的地球化学循环示踪领域应用的研究进展。</p

Development and application of bio-inspired and biomimetic microfluidics

仿生微流控技术将仿生结构设计应用到微流体装置中,具有很强的学科交叉性.本文提出了通过仿生手段突破微流控的技术瓶颈,从而提高微流控器件的抗污染性能,告别单一功能的微流控系统应用的局限性,实现微尺度下通道的智能化及动态环境变化下的高适应性等.本文提出了仿生微流控的概念,重点介绍了仿生微流控在器件抗污染、器件智能化、生物学和医药方面的最新研究进展,从仿生设计导入应用前景,并探讨了所涉及的物理问题和关键技术,以期为智能微流控芯片的设计开发和应用提供新思路,并为软物质的开发应用、多功能型智能化仿生器件的设计、制备及应用提供参考.Biomimetic microfluidic systemscan be obtained through multidisciplinary approaches by using bio-inspired structural and functional designsfor the microfluidic devices. This review mainly focuseson the concept of biomimetic microfluidics to improve the properties of microfluidic systemsfor breaking through the bottlenecks of the current microfluidic devices, such as antifoulingsmart, anddynamic response insidethe microchannelsunder different environments. In addition, here we show the current research progress of biomimetic microfluidic systems in applications related to antifouling and smart devices, and biomedical research. The review discusses both physical theories and critical technologies in the biomimetic microfluidics, from biomimetic design to real-world applications, so as to offer new ideas for the design and application of smart microfluidics, and the authors hope this review will inspire the active interest of many scientists in the area of the development and application of soft matter, and multi-functional and smart biomimetic devices.国家自然科学基金(批准号:21673197);国家自然科学基金(批准号:U1505243)资助的课题;; 高等学校学科创新引智计划(批准号:B16029)~

西安地区2008年降雨129I 水平与特征分析

降雨是大气中碘向陆地沉降的最主要方式。通过分析降雨中的浓度和~(129)I/127I比值,既可获得研究区域放射性碘的基础数据,也可为认识碘的来源提供基础数据。本工作分析了在西安收集的近1年(2008年4&mdash;10月)的降雨的~(129)I的浓度和水平,由于雨水样品中有机碘份额较高,采用NaOH热分解有机碘的方法对其进行了分解,萃取过程的化学回收率达63.3%-74.8%。127I浓度为0.45-14.10 &mu;g&middot;L~(-1), ~(129)I浓度为(1.18&mdash;48.91) &times;10~7 atoms.~(129)I和~(127)I浓度的变化趋势相似,具有随季节变化的特点,春季降雨~(129)I的浓度为(2.49-4.89) &times;10~8 atoms&middot;L~(-1), ~(l29)I/~(127)I比值为(7.3-9.8) &times;10~(-9),夏、秋季降雨 ~(129)I的浓度为(1.18&mdash;7.32) &times;10~7 atoms&middot;L~(-1),~(129)I/~(127)I比值为(1.2-12.0) &times;10~(-9),春季(4&mdash;5月)~(129)I、~(127)I浓度出现一个峰值,可能是由于春季降雨量少,大气中的~(127)I、~(129)I能够积累较长时间,之后通过湿沉降从大气中被去除。西安地区2008年降雨~(129)I的浓度及水平,与国际上已报道的不同地区雨水的~(129)I浓度和水平比较,处于较低水平,主要原因是我国及周边没有正在运行的大型核燃料后处理厂。西安降雨~(129)I/~(127)I比值总体上高于我国沿海海水和以海水中碘为主要来源的海藻,这一特征比值提示了西安降雨中的碘与我国沿海海水中的碘的来源存在差异。</p

Current Statistical Machine Translation Research in China

2005年7月13日至15日,中国科学院自动化研究所、计算技术研究所和厦门大学计算机系联合举办了我国首届统计机器翻译研讨班。本文主要介绍本次研讨班参加单位的测试系统和实验结果,并给出相应的分析。测试结果表明,我国的统计机器翻译研究起步虽晚,但已有快速进展,参评系统在短期内得到了较好的翻译质量,与往年参加863评测的基于规则方法的系统相比性能虽还有差距,但差距已经不大。从目前国际统计机器翻译研究的现状和发展趋势来看,随着数据资源规模的不断扩大和计算机性能的迅速提高,统计机器翻译还有很大的发展空间。在未来几年内,在基于短语的主流统计翻译方法中融入句法、语义信息,必将成为机器翻译发展的趋势。Institute of Automation,Institute of Computing Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Department of Computer Science of Xiamen University held the first Statistical Machine Translation Workshop in China together,from July 13th to 15th in 2005.This paper describes the tested systems of involved institutions,and analyzes the results of their experiments.The test results show that although the research of statistical machine translation started late in China,it develops rapidly.The tested systems got quite good results in a short period.Compared with the rule-based systems reported in the formal "863"evaluation,the performance is somewhat lower;however,the difference is small.According to the state of art and the trend of international statistic machine translation research,we believe that there is still great space for the improvement of statistic machine translation,with larger-scale data resources and more powerful hardware.In near future,phrase-based method incorporated with syntax and semantic information will become the mainstream of statistical machine translation.国家自然科学基金资助项目(60272041

Determination of the number of ψ(3686) events taken at BESIII

The number of ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector during the 2021 run period is determined to be (2259.3±11.1)×106 by counting inclusive ψ(3686) hadronic events. The uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible. Meanwhile, the numbers of ψ(3686) events collected during the 2009 and 2012 run periods are updated to be (107.7±0.6)×106 and (345.4±2.6)×106, respectively. Both numbers are consistent with the previous measurements within one standard deviation. The total number of ψ(3686) events in the three data samples is (2712.4±14.3)×10^

Measurement of integrated luminosity of data collected at 3.773 GeV by BESIII from 2021 to 2024

We present a measurement of the integrated luminosity e+e- of collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at a center-of-mass energy of Ecm = 3.773 GeV. The integrated luminosities of the datasets taken from December 2021 to June 2022, from November 2022 to June 2023, and from October 2023 to February 2024 were determined to be 4.995±0.019 fb-1, 8.157±0.031 fb-1, and 4.191±0.016 fb-1, respectively, by analyzing large angle Bhabha scattering events. The uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, and the statistical uncertainties are negligible. Our results provide essential input for future analyses and precision measurements

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel