气相二氧化硅负载离子液体抗静电改性超高分子量聚乙烯的制备及性能

采用拉伸流变挤出成型设备，将抗静电剂咪唑类离子液体（IL）负载于纳米气相二氧化硅（SiO2）上，对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）进行抗静电改性，研究了IL及纳米气相SiO2含量对UHMWPE加工性能、表面电性能、结晶性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，IL是UHMWPE的良好增塑剂，随着IL的加入，UHMWPE的挤出扭矩明显降低，UHMWPE材料的挤出成型效率提高。值得关注的是，IL的加入可明显降低UHMWPE表面的摩擦电压。当IL质量分数为3%时，其表面摩擦电压从2.72 kV降至0.04 kV。而且，将IL负载于纳米气相SiO2上可以解决IL在UHMWPE中析出及分散问题。另外，纳米气相SiO2还可以提高UHMWPE/IL共混物的关键力学性能。所制备的IL改性UHMWPE具备优异的抗静电功能、较好的挤出成型效率和力学性能，有望在新一代电子信息产品及精密器件制造等领域得到广泛应用。Imidazolium ionic liquid (IL) and IL/nano silica particles were employed to produce antistatic ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites. The UHMWPE/IL/SiO2 composites were processed by a self-developed elongational rheology extruder (ERE). The influence of IL/SiO2 content on the processing, electrical, crystallization and mechanical properties of UHMWPE was studied. The results show that IL is a good plasticizer for UHMWPE, and can increase the extrusion efficiency of UHMWPE obviously by reducing the extrusion torque of UHMWPE in the ERE. The addition of IL can significantly reduce the surface friction voltage of UHMWPE from 2.72 kV to 0.04 kV when the IL mass fraction is 3%. It is noteworthy that, loading IL on nano silica particles can avoid the IL blooming on the surface of UHMWPE and promote the uniform dispersion of IL in the UHMWPE matrix. Nano silica particles have a good toughening and strengthening effect on UHMWPE to improve the tensile strength and impact strength of UHMWPE/IL/SiO2 composites. Compared to the pure UHMWPE, the antistatic UHMWPE in this study has great application prospects in the fields of electronic information and precision device manufacturing. © 2022, Editorial Board of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering. All right reserved