Preparation and performance of high-strength forward osmosis membrane based on nonwoven /electrospun composite support

Forward osmosis (FO) membrane technology exhibits great potential in seawater desalination and water treatment due to its low energy consumption and low membrane fouling. In this paper,nanofiber FO membranes were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven / electrospun composite support layer with high strength via an interfacial polymerization method using m-phenylene diamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as monomers. The surface morphology, hydrophilic /hydrophobic properties and tensile strength of the prepared composite support layer and FO membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),contact angle measurement and tensile strength test,respectively. The results showed that the water contact angle and tensile strength of the composite support layer were 121° and 11.4 MPa, respectively. Furthermore,the separation performances including water flux and reverse salt flux of the prepared FO membrane were tested under PRO mode. The result showed that the water flux was up to 25.8 LMH and the corresponding reverse salt flux was 4.5 gMH with 1 mol·L~(-1) NaCl solution and deionized water as draw solution and feed solution,respectively

一种负载的金属催化剂的制备方法

本发明公开了一种负载的金属催化剂的制备方法及应用，其中金属催化剂包括载体骨架材料和负载在载体骨架材料表面的金属或金属氧化物的纳米颗粒，或螯合在载体骨架材料表面的金属离子，其中起催化作用的金属离子、金属或金属氧化物的纳米颗粒是通过粘结在载体骨架材料表面的邻苯二酚类衍生物的聚合层而负载的。此负载金属催化剂的制备方法简便，使用于多种载体骨架材料，并可负载一种或多种金属离子或纳米颗粒，具有普适性。此负载金属催化剂具有活性金属分散性好，载体比表面积大，用量少，成本低等优点。此负载贵金属催化剂是一类广泛应用的环境友好的催化剂材料，可高效用于染料废水脱色、废水有机污染物消除、汽车尾气处理、空气净化、加氢及重整催化反应、气体传感器、燃料电池等环境化工领域

Development of integrated membrane systems in seawater desalination technology

This review aims to update the recent progress of developing the integrated membrane systems for seawater desalination,including the seawater pretreatment-RO system,the RO-forward osmosis(FO) system and the RO-pressure retarded osmosis (PRO).Furthermore,the energy consumption of the integrated membrane systems was analyzed to show their advantages in the power generation from the comprehensive brine utilization and seawater pretreatment.Finally,new insights for the development of integrated membrane systems were pointed out for future work

蓝紫光InGaN多量子阱激光器

在（0001）蓝宝石衬底上外延生长了InGaN长周期多量子阱激光器结构．三轴晶X射线衍射测量显示该多量子阱结构质量优良．用该外延片制作了脊形波导GaN激光器，激光器的腔面为GaN的自然解理面，室温，电脉冲注入，激光器可实现激射．阈值电流密度为3．3kA／cm~2，特征温度为145K

Fabrication and Performance of LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ Cathode Modified by Coating with Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

应用丝网印刷和共烧结制备LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ/Sc0.1Zr0.9O1.95/LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ对称电池. 以硝酸铈和硝酸钆为原料，柠檬酸作燃料，燃烧合成Gd0.2Ce0.8O2(GDC)包覆的LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ(LNF)阴极. 实验表明，在750 oC工作温度下，纯LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ阴极的极化电阻为0.70 Ω·cm2，而21.3%(by mass，下同，如无特殊标注均为质量分数)GDC包覆的LNF-GDC复合阴极的极化电阻最小(0.13 Ω·cm2)，同时活化能最小(136.80 kJ·mol-1)，故其阴极性能最佳. GDC的包覆加速了气体/阴极/电解质三相界面反应区的扩散过程，降低了阴极极化电阻.The symmetric cell of LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ/Sc0.1Zr0.9O1.95/LaNi0.6Fe0.4O 3-δ was fabricated with screen printing method. A LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ (LNF) cathode was modified by coating with nano-sized gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC, Gd0.2Ce0.8O2) prepared using a simple combustion process within the pores of the cathode. According to the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), the polarization resistance of the pure LNF was 0.70 W·cm2 at 750 ºC, while 0.13 W·cm2 for the 21.3% GDC (by mass)-coated LNF cathode at the same temperature, which was only 1/5 of that of the pure LNF cathode. The activation energy of the 21.3% GDC (by mass)-coated LNF cathode (136.80 kJ·mol-1) is the smallest among those of GDC-coated LNF cathodes with different contents of GDC. The 21.3% GDC (by mass)-coated LNF cathode showed the optimum performance. The results indicated that GDC coatings significantly affected electrocatalytic activity of the LNF cathodes towards O2 reduction reaction. The improved performance of GDC-coated LNF cathode was attributed to the extended triple-phase boundary (TPB) and enhanced ion conductivity of oxide.国家自然科学基金(No. 51201098)和教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(No. 20100073120055)资助作者联系地址：上海交通大学 机械与动力工程学院，燃料电池研究所，上海 200240Author's Address: Institute of Fuel Cell, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

Fabrication and Impedance Performance of Gradient LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ-Gd0.2Ce0.8O2 Composite Cathodes for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

应用丝网印刷和共烧结制备LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ(LNF)-Gd0.2Ce0.8O2(GDC)梯度复合阴极/Gd0.2Ce0.8O2/Sc0.1Zr0.9O1.95(ScSZ)/Gd0.2Ce0.8O2/LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ(LNF)-Gd0.2Ce0.8O2(GDC)，组成梯度复合阴极对称电池. 实验表明，在750 oC工作温度下单层70%LNF-30%GDC（文中均指质量百分比）复合阴极的极化电阻为0.581 Ω·cm2，而三层60%LNF-40%GDC/70%LNF-30%GDC/100%LNF复合阴极的极化电阻最小（0.452 Ω·cm2）. 由于阴极组成在ScSZ电解质和LNF阴极之间呈梯度变化，因此获得了最佳的阴极/电解质界面，大大加快了三相界面或气体/阴极/电解质三相接触点反应区的扩散，其电荷传递电阻Rct和浓差极化电阻Rd均减小，因而具有最低的阴极极化电阻值.A LNF-GDC composite cathode with a gradual change in the composition between ScSZ electrolyte and LNF cathode was fabricated to reduce the cathode polarization resistance (Rp). The gradual change in composition between ScSZ electrolyte and LNF cathode shows the decreases in the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and gas phase diffusion resistance (Rd). The results revealed that the Rp value, measuring 0.452 Ω·cm2 at 750 °C, was the lowest for LNF-GDC composite cathodes with three layers and gradient changes in composition between ScSZ and LNF (Cathode C),, whereas the Rp value of 70%LNF-30%GDC composite cathodes with one layer (Cathode A) was 0.581 Ω·cm2. The reduction in Rp for the LNF-GDC composite cathodes with three layers and gradient changes in composition between ScSZ and LNF may be related to the fact that the microstructure of the cathode/electrolyte interfaces is significantly improved, resulting in the increase in the area of triple phase boundaries (TPBs), which enhanced the surface exchange of oxygen. This implied that the gradient LNF-GDC composite cathodes showed excellent performance in terms of its electrochemical properties.国家自然科学基金项目(No. 51201098)资助作者联系地址：上海交通大学 机械与动力工程学院，燃料电池研究所，上海 200240Author's Address: Institute of Fuel Cell, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]