对康德“先天”和“经验”范畴的新理解

在康德的哲学体系中,“先天“和“经验“是一对重要的范畴,是理解康德先验哲学的关键,但过于思辩,难以理解。科学在发展,哲学也在发展,今天可以更好地理解“先天“和“经验“这对范畴。通过结合目前科学及哲学的成果,从逻辑必然性出发,可以进一步阐述并澄清“先天“概念

论科技伦理中的道德主体

首先考察伦理学中道德主体的历史和概念,结合当前科技发展对社会产生的影响及其对传统伦理的挑战,阐述道德主体扩展的合理性和必要性。我们应该予科技以道德主体的地位

理解维特根斯坦的“生活形式”——在不同视域中解读

维特根斯坦在《哲学研究》中通过语言游戏显示“生活形式“,历史上对维特根斯坦的“生活形式“这一概念主要的三种解释:“文化-历史“的解释;“有机体“的解释;“语言游戏“的解释。采用诠释学的立场,并使用心灵哲学关于身心问题的一些理论,找出这些解释的前见,并尝试在维特根斯坦的文本中找到支持

Modulation Recognition Method of Non-cooperation Underwater Acoustic Communication Signals Using Principal Component Analysis

由于信道传输特性、信噪比低等因素的影响,非合作水声通信信号的调制识别极具挑战性。对信号功率谱、平方谱进行主分量分析,提取代表不同类型调制信号特有信息的主分量作为特征参数,从而降低特征参数维度、抑制噪声影响,并在此基础上设计一种基于人工神经网络的水声通信信号调制方式分类器。海上实录信号数据的识别实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。The modulation classification of the non-cooperation underwater acoustic communication signals is extremely challenging due to channel transmission characteristics and low signal-to-noise ratio. The principal component analysis( PCA) is used to analyze the power spectra and square spectrum features of signals,which is capable of extracting the principal components associated with different modulated signals as input vector,thus reducing the feature dimension and suppressing the influence of noise. An artificial neural network( ANN) classifier is proposed for modulation recognition. The experimental modulation classification results obtained from field signals in 4 different underwater acoustic channels show that the proposed modulation recognition method has good classification performance.国家自然科学基金项目(11274259、11574258

Therapeutic Observation ofNa Zhi Method plus Electroacupuncture for Poststroke Uninhibited Neurogenic Bladder

目的 观察纳支法结合电针治疗中风后无抑制性神经源性膀胱的临床疗效.方法 将120例脑血管病变引起的无抑制性神经源性膀胱患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组60例.治疗组采用纳支法结合电针治疗;对照组采用电针疗法.每日1次,每次30 min,治疗2星期.观察两组治疗前后日排尿频率测试分度和膀胱最大容量的变化,并比较临床疗效.结果 治疗组总有效率为98.2%,愈显率为89.5%;对照组总有效率为93.1%,愈显率为72.4%.两组愈显率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.两组治疗前日排尿频率测试分度比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组治疗前后日排尿频率测试分度比较,差异有极显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）;治疗组治疗后日排尿频率测试分度与对照组比较,差异有统计学性意义（P〈0.05）.两组治疗前膀胱最大容量比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组治疗前后膀胱最大容量比较,差异有极显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）;治疗组治疗后膀胱最大容量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 电针治疗无抑制性神经源性膀胱疗效显著,结合纳支法疗效明显优于单纯电针.Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Na Zhi method （midnight-noon ebb-flow method） plus electroacupuncture in treating poststroke uninhibited neurogenic bladder.Method A total of 120 patients with uninhibited neurogenic bladder due to cerebrovascular diseases were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 60 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by Na Zhi method plus electroacupuncture; the control group was intervened by electroacupuncture. The intervention was conducted once a day, 30 min each time, for a total of 2 weeks. The daily voiding frequency index and maximum cystometric capacity （MCC） in the two groups were measured before and after the intervention, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The total effective rate and markedly effective rate were respectively 98.2% and 89.5% in the treatment group versus 93.1% and 72.4% in the control group. There was a significant difference in comparing the markedly effective rate between the two groups （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in comparing the daily voiding frequency index between the two groups before the intervention （P〉0.05）; the daily voiding frequency index was significantly changed after the intervention in both groups （P〈0.01）, and the daily voiding frequency index of the treatment group was significantly different from that of the control group after the intervention （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in comparing the MCC before the intervention between the two groups （P〉0.05）; the MCC was significantly changed after the intervention in both groups （P〈0.01）; the MCC of the treatment group was significantly different from that of the control group after the intervention （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Electroacupuncture can produce a significant efficacy in treating uninhibitedneurogenic bladder, while it can produce a more significant efficacy when combined withNa Zhi method

基于Android的SIP远程视频监控系统的设计

本文利用SIP协议建立组呼来控制监控摄像头,从而建立多路远程视频监控系统。论文介绍了基于AndrOId系统的SIP协议栈JAIn-SIP和远程视频监控系统架构,阐述了利用SIP扩展消息完成组呼控制,从而实现监控中心对远端监控摄像头的呼叫控制

抗菌药物对Hp感染胃溃疡患者血清胃蛋白酶原水平的影响

目的 探讨抗菌药物对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染胃溃疡患者血清中胃蛋白酶原水平的影响及治疗效果。方法选取厦门大学附属第一医院2015年10月—2016年9月收治并确诊Hp阳性胃溃疡患者86例,随机分为对照组(奥美拉唑治疗)和观察组(奥美拉唑和阿莫西林联合治疗),每组43例,比较两组治疗前后的血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PGⅠ)、PGⅡ水平,并观察两组的治疗效果。结果 两组治疗前的血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组患者的血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平明显下降,其中观察组PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平分别为(137.10±12.27)μg/L、(8.69±1.09)μg/L,明显低于对照组(P<0.05),同时观察组患者的治疗总有效率为95.35%,显著高于对照组的74.42%(P<0.05)。结论 抗菌药物治疗Hp感染胃溃疡患者具有更好的疗效,并可有效的降低血清中PGⅠ、PGⅡ的水平

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Picophytoplankton in Coastal Waters of Zhejiang

【目的】为了解浙江近海海域超微型光合自养浮游生物原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus,; Pro)、聚球藻(Synechococcus,Syn)和超微型真核浮游植物(Picoeukaryotes,Euk)的时空生态分布,【方法】于20; 14年11月(秋)、2015年1月(冬)、2015年5月(春)和2015年7月(夏)连续4个季节采集了浙江近海海域表层海水样品,采用流式细胞仪技; 术对样品超微型光合自养浮游生物丰度进行了检测,并对其时空分布特征及与环境因子的相关性进行了研究。【结果】从水平分布来看,在4个季节中超微型光合自; 养浮游生物丰度均为宁波、沈家门、岱山等沿岸海域站位的丰度低,远陆海域东极和枸杞站位的丰度高。从季节分布来看,原绿球藻的季节分布特征为夏季>秋季; >冬季>春季,聚球藻的季节分布特征为秋季 >冬季 >春季>夏季,超微型真核浮游植物的季节分布特征为夏季>秋季; >春季>冬季。相关性分析表明,春季,原绿球藻、聚球藻、超微型真核浮游植物均与pH显著正相关;秋季,原绿球藻、聚球藻、超微型真核浮游植物均与温度显; 著正相关;冬季,聚球藻、超微型真核浮游植物均与盐度显著正相关。【结论】本文超微型光合自养浮游生物丰度近岸海域明显低于远陆海域,这与近岸海域泥沙含; 量大,水色和透明度低有很大关系。浮游病毒对宿主的裂解也会影响超微型光合自养浮游生物的丰度变化。【Objective】 The preseat paper aims to investigate the spatial and; temporal distribution of picophytoplankton: Prochlorococcus,; Syn-echococcus and Picoeukaryotes in the coastal waters of; Zhejiang.【Method】 The representative samples of sea water in the coastal; waters of Zhejiang were collected for 4 consecutive seasons in November; 2014 (Autumn), January 2015 (winter),May 2015 (spring) and July 2015; (summer). The distributions of picophytoplankton by flow cytometry were; analyzed, and the correlation between the abundances of; picophytoplankton and environmental factors were studied.【Result】 From; the horizontal distribution, in the four seasons, the abundance of; picophytoplankton were low-abundance areas in the stations of; Ningbo,Shenjiamen, Daishan immediate offshore area, high-abundance areas; in the stations of Dongji and Gouqi offshore area. From seasonal; distribution, the abundance of Prochlorococcus was in order of summer >; autumn > winter > spring, the abundance of Synechococcus autumn > winter; > spring > summer; and the abundance of Picoeukaryotes summer > autumn >; spring > winter. Prochlorococcus,Synechococcus and Picoeukaryotes were; significantly positively correlated with pH in the spring.; Prochlorococcus,Synechococcus and Picoeukaryotes were significantly; positively correlated with temperature in autumn. Synechococcus and; Picoeukaryotes were positively correlated with salinity in; winter.【Conclusion】In this study, the abundance of picophytoplankton in; immediate offshore area was significantly lower than that of far; offshore area. The reason was that the sediment content was large,the; water color and transparency was low in immediate offshore area. The; cracking effect of the virioplankton on the host would affect the; abundance of picophytoplankton.国家海洋局公益性行业科研专

The spatial and temporal distribution of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal waters of Zhejiang

为了解浙江近海海域浮游病毒和异养细菌的时空生态分布,于2014年11月(秋)、2015年1月(冬)、2015年5月(春)和2015年7月(夏)连; 续4个季节采集了浙江近海海域表层海水样品,采用流式细胞仪技术对样品浮游病毒和异养细菌丰度进行了检测,对其时空分布特征及与环境因子的相关性做了分析; 。从水平分布来看,在4个季节中浮游病毒、异养细菌丰度均为宁波、沈家门、岱山等沿岸海域站位的丰度低,远陆海域东极和枸杞站位的丰度高。从季节变化来看; ,浮游病毒、异养细菌丰度的季节分布特征同为夏>春>秋>冬,相关性分析结果表明,春、夏、秋、冬4个季节,浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度均为显著正相关。; 浮游病毒丰度在春、秋、冬季节均与病毒/细菌比值(VBR)显著正相关;夏、秋季节均与盐度显著正相关;春、夏季节均与总磷显著负相关;春季分别于与溶解; 氧、pH、化学耗氧量(COD)显著正相关。异养细菌在春、秋、冬季节均与VBR显著正相关;春、夏季节与溶解氧显著正相关,冬季与溶解氧显著负相关;春; 、夏季节与总磷显著负相关;秋、冬季节均与温度、盐度显著正相关;春、冬季节均与COD显著正相关。In order to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of; virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal waters of; Zhejiang,the representative samples of sea water were collected in the; coastal waters of Zhejiang for 4 consecutive seasons in November; 2014(Autumn),January 2015(winter),May 2015(spring) and July; 2015(summer). The distribution of virioplankton and heterotrophic; bacteria was studied by flow cytometry,and the correlations between the; abundances of virioplankton,heterotrophic bacteria and environmental; factors were also analyzed. From the horizontal distribution,in the four; seasons low abundance of virioplankton and heterotrophic bacteria was in; the stations of Ningbo,Shenjiamen,Daishan immediate offshore; area;high-abundance was in the stations of Dongji and Gouqi offshore; area. From the seasonal distribution,the abundance of the virioplankton; and heterotrophic bacteria was the same as that of; summer>spring>autumn>winter. The abundance of virioplankton and; heterotrophic bacteria was significantly and positively correlated in; the 4 seasons. The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and; positively correlated with VBR in spring,autumn and winter. The; abundance of virioplankton was significantly and positively correlated; with salinity in summer and autumn. The abundance of virioplankton was; significantly and negatively correlated with TP in spring and summer.; The abundance of virioplankton was significantly and positively; correlated with dissolved oxygen,pH,COD in spring. The heterotrophic; bacteria were significantly and positively correlated with VBR in; spring,autumn and winter. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly; and positively correlated with dissolved oxygen in spring and summer but; were significantly and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen in; winter. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and negatively; correlated with TP in spring and summer. The heterotrophic bacteria were; significantly and positively correlated with temperature and salinity in; autumn and winter. The heterotrophic bacteria were significantly and; positively correlated with COD in spring and winter.国家海洋局公益性行业科研专

PREPARATION of ALUMINUM TITANATE FILM VIA NONHYDROLYTIC SOL–GEL METHOD AND ITS FUSED SALT CORROSION RESISTANCE

采用非水解溶胶–凝胶工艺,以无水三氯化铝和四氯化钛为前驱体,乙醇为氧供体,环保型高沸点二元酸酯混合物AgSE为溶剂,四丁基溴化铵为稳定剂,在碳化硅基片上制备出均匀、致密的钛酸铝薄膜。借助差热–热重、X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜和扫描电镜等研究了钛酸铝干凝胶热处理过程中的相变化、钛酸铝薄膜的晶相组成、显微结构及其抗硝酸钠熔体腐蚀性能。结果表明:在750℃低温制备的钛酸铝薄膜晶粒约为10nM,薄膜具有良好的抗硝酸钠熔体腐蚀性能;热处理温度提高到1350℃后,钛酸铝薄膜的晶粒增大至120nM左右,晶界面积急剧减小,无定形相消失,钛酸铝薄膜的抗硝酸钠熔体侵蚀性能大大提高。The homogeneous dense aluminum titanate film was coated on the silicon carbide substrate via nonhydrolytic sol–gel method (NHSG), using anhydrous aluminum chloride and titanium tetrachloride as the precursors, ethanol as oxygen donor, binary mixed ester AGSE with the characteristic of environmental protection and high boiling point as solvent, and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as stabilizer.The phase transformation of Al2TiO5 xerogel during heat treatment, the crystal composition and microstructure of Al2TiO5 film and its corrosion resistance to fused sodium nitrite were studied by means of differential thermal analysis–thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The results show that Al2TiO5 film annealed at 750 ℃ has the crystal size of about 10 nm and possesses good corrosion resistance to the fused sodium nitrite; the crystal size will grow to 120 nm or so when the heat treatment temperature increases to 1 350 ℃.The performance of Al2TiO5 film heat-treated at 1 350 ℃ will be greatly improved due to both sharp decrease of the grain boundary area and the dis-appearance of amorphous phase.国家自然科学基金(50762005;50962006);中国科学院特种无机涂层重点实验室开放基金资助项