痤疮发病机制及其药物治疗的研究进展

目的：了解痤疮的发病机制及其药物治疗的研究进展,为其临床治疗提供参考。方法：查阅近年来国内外相关文献,就痤疮的发病机制及其药物治疗的研究进展进行归纳和总结。结果：痤疮的发病机制主要为雄激素分泌异常、痤疮丙酸杆菌的大量繁殖、炎症损害和免疫失常及毛囊皮脂腺导管角化异常等。痤疮的局部治疗药物中维A酸类药物与抗菌药物可联用于治疗轻、中度痤疮,其中全反式维A酸、阿达帕林与他扎罗汀是治疗轻度痤疮的首选药物,全反式维A酸常联合外用抗菌药物治疗中度痤疮,阿达帕林和克林霉素分别与过氧化苯甲酰联用、果酸参与的联合给药方案也用于治疗痤疮。口服治疗药物中维A酸类药物主要用于重度痤疮,第一代的异维A酸较第二代疗效更好,但均有致畸作用;口服抗菌药物适用于中、重度痤疮患者,多西环素与米诺环素是首选药物,米诺环素联用过氧化苯甲酰疗效好;大环内酯类抗菌药物口服后不良反应较多,故常作为外用药;口服激素类药物中的抗雄激素类药物用于女性患者,但长期使用会引发高胰岛素血症;螺内酯有潜在的安全问题,西咪替丁抗雄激素效果较弱,不作为治疗痤疮的常用药物;糖皮质激素类药物常用于暴发性痤疮或聚合性痤疮的治疗,使用剂量须严格控制。结论：痤疮的治疗应根据痤疮的发生原因和严重程度选择合理的用药方案,增加疗效并减少不良反应的发生,并注意药物相互作用,提高用药安全性。军队医疗机构制剂标准提高科研专项课题（No.14ZJZ17

The Role of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice

目的探讨PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路在博来霉素(BLM)诱导的小鼠肺纤维化中的作用机制。方法 56只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组通过气管内滴注BLM(2.5 mg/kg)建立肺纤维化模型,对照组在相同条件下气管内滴注等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。在造模第21 d取小鼠肺组织标本行HE和Masson染色分析肺组织形态学变化;运用Ashcroft评分以及检测羟脯氨酸含量评估肺纤维化程度;Western blot方法检测PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路的变化以及肺泡表面活性物质(Pro-SPC)蛋白含量;实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)法检测胶原蛋白3(Collagen3)mRNA表达水平;免疫组织化学法检测肺组织内Collagen3蛋白和细胞凋亡数的变化。结果实验组与对照组相比,肺泡炎和肺纤维化程度明显加重,肺组织内充填大量炎细胞及纤维病灶。试验组Ashcroft评分和羟脯氨酸含量均较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。同时,PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路在实验组肺内明显活化,并伴有Pro-SPC蛋白生成减少,Collagen3蛋白含量及mRNA水平增加,以及肺内细胞凋亡数明显增加。结论 PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α信号通路的异常活化促进了肺纤维化形成。Objective To investigate the role of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway in bleomycininduced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.Methods Fifty-six C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group and a bleomycin(BLM)group.The pulmonary fibrosis model was induced by single intratracheal instillation of BLM(2.5 mg/kg)in the BLM group.Similarly,0.9% saline was instilled directly into the trachea in the control group.Then all mice were sacrificed on 21 stday.The lungs were collected for morphometric analysis with HE and Masson staining.The degree of pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated with Ashcroft score and content of hydroxyproline.The activity of PI3 K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway and prosurfactant protein C(Pro-SPC)were measured by Western blot.The level of collagen3 mRNA was assessed with quantitative real time PCR analysis.Collagen3 protein and numbers of apoptosis cells were observed with immuno-histochemistry.Results It was exhibited that the thickening alveolar septa,accumulation of inflammatory cells,and fibrous obliteration in the BLM group but not in the control group.There was a significant difference in Ashcroft score and hydryoproline content in the BLM group.Meanwhile,the activity of PI3 K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway was up-regulated and the protein of Pro-SPC was decreased in the BLM group.It was revealed that the numbers of apoptosis cells,expressions of Collagen3 protein and mRNA were increased in the BLM group.Conclusion Aberrant activity of PI3 K/Akt/HIF-1α signaling pathway may aggravate the pulmonary fibrogenesis.福建省科技局课题(编号:J00162

Design and fabrication of uncemented femoral prosthesis using CAD/CAM/Robotic integration method

背景:生物型股骨柄假体无菌松动是全髋关节置换失败的主要因素,减少无菌松动的先决条件是增加股骨柄假体在股骨髓腔中的填充率。目的:得到定制式股骨柄假体在髓腔中的填充率,验证计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造/工业机器人加工(CAd/CAM/rObOTIC)集成方法和机器人磨削的有效性。方法:利用CT数据重建股骨髓腔三维模型,在此三维模型基础上设计股骨柄假体的柄体,依据标准直柄股骨柄假体近端模型设计股骨柄假体的其余部分。将设计的股骨柄假体模型导入CAd/CAM/rObOTIC集成系统生成机器人磨削轨迹,利用该轨迹对股骨柄假体进行磨削加工。将加工好的股骨柄假体与股骨髓腔匹配,分析股骨柄假体在髓腔中的填充率。结果与结论:实验结果表明,定制式股骨柄假体在髓腔中有良好的填充率,髓腔的解剖结构可以阻止股骨柄假体的扭转,获得股骨柄假体在髓腔中的稳定固定。BACKGROUND: In total hip replacements, aseptic loosening of uncemented femoral hip prosthesis is the main reason for the failure of artificial hip replacement, the prerequisite of reducing aseptic loosening of prosthesis is to increase filling area of femoral prosthesis in femoral cavity.OBJECTIVE: To obtain the filling rate of customized femoral prosthesis in femoral cavity and verify the validity of the methods of CAD/CAM/Robotic integration and the robot grind.METHODS: In this paper, the CT data of femur were used to reconstruct three-dimensional model of femoral cavity.According to this model, a custom uncemented femoral hip prosthesis was designed, then the model of this custom prosthesis was imported into the CAD/CAM/Robotic software to generate cut path.After the cut path was imported into the robotic controller, the custom prosthesis can be fabricated, then this custom prosthesis was inserted into the femoral cavity, and the filling result of the custom prosthesis in femoral cavity was analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experiment results showed that the customized prosthesis in femoral cavity achieved good filling result, the structure of femoral cavity resisted the rotation of the customized prosthesis in femoral cavity, and the customized prosthesis obtained stable fixation in the femoral cavity

Preparation and evaluation of insulin thiolated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles in vitro

目的制备胰岛素巯基化透明质酸纳米粒(InSulIn THIOlATEd HyAlurOnIC ACId nAnOPArTIClES,InS-HA-CyS-nPS),考察纳米粒的理化性质。方法以合成的具有生物黏附性质的巯基化透明质酸作为载体,采用超声乳化法制备纳米粒,考察其外观、粒径、zETA电位、包封率、载药量,并进行其冻干制剂的冻干保护剂筛选。结果制备的InS-HA-CyS-nPS粒径均一,外观圆整;平均粒径为(178.5±0.8)nM,PdI为(0.214±0.013),zETA电位为-(38.47±0.46)MV,超滤离心法测定载药纳米粒的包封率为(48.85±0.66)%,载药量为(4.79±0.13)%;选择10%的甘露醇为冻干保护剂,复溶后得到具有蓝色乳光的粒径均一的纳米粒混悬液。结论巯基化透明质酸纳米粒是蛋白多肽类药物口服给药的潜在载体,为下一步研究胰岛素纳米粒在大鼠体内药效、药动学研究提供前提和基础。Objective To prepare insulin thiolated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles( Ins-HA-Cys-NPs) and study its physicochemical properties.Methods The Ins-HA-Cys-NPs was prepared by ultrasonic emulsifying method,and the properties of nanoparticles including morphology,mean diameter,Zeta potential,entrapment efficiency and drug loading efficiency were studied,as well as the cryoprotectant selection.Results The prepared nanoparticles was round in appearance and the mean diameter was( 178.5 ± 0.8) nm,the polydispersity index was( 0.214 ± 0.013) and the Zeta potential was-( 38.47 ± 0.46) mV,while the entrapment efficiency was( 48.85 ± 0.66) %,drug loading efficiency was( 4.79 ± 0.13) %; 10%mannitol as cryoprotectant provided uniform and well dispersed suspension of nanoparticles with blue opalescence after redispersion.Conclusion The thiolated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles may be used as the carrier for oral drug delivery system of insulin,and it provides a basis for studies on rats in vivo.福建省自然科学基金(2012J05159

分子筛修饰电极中内电子传输机理的研究

【中文摘要】用电化学方法聚合分子筛孔道内的苯胺 , 以聚苯胺分子筛修饰电极为模型研究分子筛修饰电极的内电子传输机理 . NaY分子筛的离子交换点位被苯胺修饰后 , 通过电聚合制得聚苯胺分子筛修饰电极 ( Pan+Y-ZM E ),该电极通过聚苯胺链自身的电子跳跃来实现电子传输 , 且只有通过阴极富集后对溶液中Cd 2+才有响应 ,并能用于测定抗坏血酸。【Abstract】This paper is concerned with the mechanism of intrazeolite electron transfer in zeolite-modified electrodes (ZMEs) where the zeolite have been modified with polyaniline, First, data were obtained from ZMEs prepared with zeolite-Y loading aniline and the electropolymerizing of anilines was performed by cyclic voltammery, Polyaniline might not leak out from zeolite due to the bulk size of polyaniline being bigger than the channel of zeolite-Y. At the absence of electron transfer mediators, the Pan(+)Y-ZME showed the expected presence of electron hopping of adjacent polyaniline cations, Second, the data were obtained for the determining Cd2+ and ascorbic acid using Pan+Y-ZME. The Cd2+ might not be preconcentrated at open circuit and could be done at constant potential. At the absence of ion exchange between zeolite and surrounding electrolyte the electron transfer was performed via the electron hopping, i. e. by an intrazeolite mechanism; rather than by an extrazeolite mechanism. In addition, the ascorbic acid molecule and its anion could not cross zeolite film to base electrode therefore, its current was conducted also by the electron hopping between the chains of polyaniline, Experimental results indicate that the electron transfer of Pan(+)Y-ZME was dominated by intrazeolite processes

LED 冷光源蓝光治疗病理性黄疸的临床评估

为了比较LED 蓝光及普通蓝光治疗新生儿黄疸的疗效，将60 例新生儿黄疸分为2 组，分别用LED 蓝光及普通蓝光治疗，比较2 组之间疗效及副作用是否有统计学意义。结果显示，LED 蓝光治疗新生儿黄疸疗效优于普通蓝光，2 组间LED 蓝光发热的副作用明显小于普通蓝光，皮疹、及腹泻发生率无明显差异。由此得出，LED 蓝光治疗黄疸的效果优于普通蓝光，而副作用小于普通蓝光。</jats:p

a trusted computing-based security architecture for policy-label protection

策略和标签是访问控制技术中的核心内容,决定了一个访问控制系统的实施内容.现今的大部分安全系统对策略的保护较为严格,但对标签的保护却缺乏一个完善、系统的保护方案,这导致即使策略本身是安全的、完备的,恶意者仍然可以通过篡改用作策略实施判断的标签来危害系统,系统安全仍然无法保证.为此提出了一个保护架构,着重保护系统中的安全标签.它通过使用加密文件系统、完整性度量等机制扩展可信计算芯片的控制范围,将标签置于可信计算的保护范围内,从而防止标签遭受篡改,确保其安全性.最后给出其基于Linux操作系统的原型实现.国家科技支撑计划基金项目(2008BAH22B06)|国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划基金项目(2007AA01Z412,2007AA01Z465)|国家自然科学基金项目(60970028)Policies and labels are the most important parts in access control technique. Labels present some security properties of the subject and the object, meanwhile policies present some logical algorithms based on the security properties carried by labels. The enforcement of access control system can be mainly decided by these two factors. Nowadays most security systems can give a well protection to the policies, but almost none of them have systemic and well-defined methods to protect labels. They just believe that the operation system can do the work itself. The lack of label protection leads to a result that even the policies are secure and well-defined, malwares can still do harms to the system by tempering the labels. Then the system is unsafe in the end. An architecture mainly to protect the security labels in the system by using TPM (trusted computing module) chip is proposed. TPM chip is a kind of hardware provided by TCG (Trusted Computing Group). It can be used to build a TCB (trusted computing base) in a secure system. But the TCB here is too small to hold labels. By using some mechanisms such as encrypting file system and integrity measurement, we extend the edge of the TPM chip's control area and keep the labels into this area in order to enhance the safety of access control system. Implementation of a prototype system on the Linux OS is given and the experiments show the security and efficiency of our implementation

电浸出高冰镍数学模型的进一步研究

在前文工作的基础上,本文对浸出过程进行了进一步的研究。用双界面模型对颗粒反应进行描述,并用质量平衡和宏观总体平衡模型对浸出反应器进行了物料平衡的计算。对不同浸出条件下的浸出过程进行了模拟计算

电浸出高冰镍数学模型的初步研究

本文是在昆明冶金所的探索性实验的基础上,根据前人研究提出的反应机理,建立了反应的数学模型,对浸出过程进行了模拟计算。首先,通过建立浸出条件下的电位—pH图,对反应过程进行了热力学分析,进行了过程的热力学可行性研究。在建立颗粒反应动力学的数学模型的过程中,用单界面模型对电浸出过程进行了模拟计算,模型的数学方程的处理,分别用了伪稳态方法,Bellman的不变嵌入法,及改进后的不变嵌入法