Habitat Diversity of Meiofaunal Community in Quanzhou Bay Intertidal Zone

潮间带是指大潮期最高潮位和大潮期最低潮位间的海岸。潮间带中有各种生境类型，如红树林、泥滩、沙滩、岩石滩等。小型底栖动物是潮间带生态系统的重要组成部分，我国对潮间带大型底栖动物研究较多，对小型底栖动物研究较少，特别是对红树林和互花米草湿地小型底栖动物的研究更少，导致了我国在潮间带生物多样性和生态系统方面研究的不完整。 本研究于2011年4月、7月、10月和2012年1月，在泉州湾潮间带桐花树、秋茄、互花米草和牡蛎石4种生境进行4个季度小型底栖动物生态考察和定量取样，从小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度、生物量和多样性等方面做出了系统的研究，并分析了其最优势类群自由生活海洋线虫的种类组成、丰度、生物量...The intertidal zone refers to parts of the beach that are covered with water during the high tides and are exposed during low tides. There are sandy areas, rocky cliffs and wet lands in the intertidal zone. The environment here is subject to constant change due to the tides. Meiofauna is an important part of intertidal ecosystems, yet there is few studies implemented on meiofauna in the intertidal...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：2262011115145

Functional groups of macrofauna in Xunpu intertidal zone,Quanzhou Bay

为了比较不同生境的大型底栖动物功能群,根据在泉州湾蟳埔潮间带3种生境类型获得的大型底栖动物数据进行了分析。2011年4月-至2012年1月在泉州湾蟳埔潮间带获得大型底栖动物101种,其中浮游生物食者(Pl)、植食者(PH)、肉食者(C)、杂食者(O)和碎屑食者(d)物种数分别为21种、18种、21种、26种和15种。光滩(沙滩)、互花米草和牡蛎石三种生境大型底栖动物物种数、平均栖息密度、平均生物量、多样性指数的优势功能群多样化,表明泉州湾蟳埔潮间带大型底栖动物功能群的复杂化和多样化,这种特征是潮汐、生境、底质粒径等环境因子共同作用的结果。潮汐导致潮间带的空间异质性(沉积物粒径的差异),空间异质性导致大型底栖动物功能群组成的差异。互花米草、牡蛎石构成了多种小生境,有利于众多大型底栖动物的栖息。还讨论了大型底栖动物物种鉴定水平和功能群划分标准不同对功能群研究结果的影响。To study the functional groups of macrofauna in different biotopes, we analyzed the macrofauna data in three biotopes in Xunpu intertidal zone, Quanzhou Bay.A total of 101 benthic macrofauna were got.We divided the macrofauna into five functional groups, namely planktophagous group( Pl), phytophagous group( Ph), carnivorous group( C),omnivorous group(O) and detritivorous group(D).The species number of Pl, Ph, C, O and D was 21, 18, 21, 26 and 15 respectively.Dominant functional groups of macrofauna in species, mean density, mean biomass and diversity index were various in sandy, Spartina alterniflora and oyster-stone biotopes.The distribution characteristic indicated the complication and diversity in functional groups of macrofauna in Quanzhou Bay intertidal zone, and the joint action of tide, biotope,sediment particle size and other environmental factors.Tides result in spatial heterogeneity(different in sediment particle size) on intertidal zone, and spatial heterogeneity results in different functional groups of macrofauna.S.alterniflora and oyster-stone constitute various niches, which had advantages to many macrofaunas.This paper also discussed the influences of accuracy in macrofaunal identification and functional group classification criteria on the results of functional group research.国家自然科学基金(41176089

Size spectrum of benthic fauna in Zhanjiang Gaoqiao Mangrove Wetlands,China

在我国,红树林湿地底栖动物粒径谱研究很少。根据2010年1月、4月、7月、10月在湛江高桥红树林湿地获得的大型和小型底栖动物数据,构建了底栖动物生物量粒径谱,以期为湛江高桥红树林湿地的生态保护和持续利用提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)高桥红树林湿地生物量粒径谱基本为3峰模式。第一峰在-2粒级,主要由线虫构成;第二峰在4—12粒级,主要由寡毛类、多毛类和小个体甲壳类构成;第三峰在13—22粒级,主要由大个体腹足类、双壳类和甲壳类构成。(2)木榄、桐花树和无瓣海桑生境在0—4粒级之间出现一个明显的波谷,这个波谷介于线虫和寡毛类之间,是大型与小型底栖动物粒级交汇区。(3)高桥红树林湿地底栖动物正态化生物量粒径谱的斜率大于-1,截距为16.533—18.150。桐花树(AEgICErAS COrnICulATuM)和无瓣海桑(SOnnErATIA APETAlA)生境的截距、最小粒级的生物量(bMS)高于木榄(bruguIErA gyMnOrrHIzA)和盐地鼠尾粟(SPOrObOluS VIrgInICuS)生境,说明桐花树和无瓣海桑生境的底栖动物生产力水平较木榄和盐地鼠尾粟生境的高;秋季的截距、bMS较其他季节高,说明秋季的底栖动物生产力水平较其他季节高。The biomass size spectrum( BSS) theory was introduced by Sheldon et al.in 1972 to describe the features of marine pelagic ecosystems.Schwinghamer was the first to extend this concept to benthic assemblages.Traditionally,benthic communities are described by structural variables,such as abundance,species composition,and biodiversity indices.Analysis of the distribution of biomass by size is an ataxonomic approach to studying the structures and functions of the benthic communities.The introduction of the BSS theory provides a new method for benthic ecology research.Compared to taxonomic approaches for studying the structures and functions of benthic communities,the BSS theory is easier to operate,in which calculation errors caused by inaccurate taxonomic identification may be avoided.Because of the urgent need to understand the structures and functions of marine ecosystems,and to accurately detect the ecological systems,the fields of application for the BSS theory will become more extensive.In China,most studies on the size spectrum of zoobenthos have been conducted in the subtidal zone,with only a few studies having been conducted in the intertidal zone.In addition,no studies have been conducted in mangrove swamps.To provide a scientific basis for the ecological protection and sustainableuse of the Gaoqiao Mangrove Wetlands,the BSS of the benthic fauna in this area was constructed from macrofaunal and meiofaunal samples collected in January,April,July,and October 2010.The main results showed that the BSS of the benthic fauna in Gaoqiao Mangrove Wetlands exhibits 3 peaks.The first peak appeared at a grain size of- 2,and comprised nematodes.The second peak appeared at grain sizes of 4—12,and comprised oligochaetes,polychaetes,and small-bodied crustaceans.The third peak appeared at grain sizes of 13—22,and comprised large-bodied gastropods,bivalves,and crustaceans.For Aegiceras corniculatum,Sonneratia apetala and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza biotopes,there was a trough at grain sizes 0—4,which was the intersection grain size between macrofauna and meiofauna.The slope values of the normalized biomass size spectra( NBSS) were greater than- 1,while the intercepts ranged from 16.533 to 18.150.The intercepts and the biomass of minimum size( BMS) for A.corniculatum and S.apetala biotopes were higher than those in B.gymnorrhiza and Sporobolus virginicus biotopes.This result indicated that zoobenthic productivity in the A.corniculatum,and S.apetala biotopes were higher than that in the B.gymnorrhiza and S.virginicus biotopes.The intercept and BMS in fall were higher than those in other seasons,indicating that zoobenthic productivity was higher in fall compared to the other seasons.国家自然科学基金(41176089;41376113

Temporal and spatial variation of macrobenthic communities in the intertidal zone of Xunpu,Quanzhou Bay

为了比较泉州湾蟳埔潮间带沙滩、互花米草滩和牡蛎石泥滩3种生境(3个潮层)的大型底栖动物群落,2011年4月至2012年1月对3种生境的大型底栖动物进行了季度定量取样。在3种生境共获得85种大型底栖动物,其中环节动物39种,软体动物20种,节肢动物21种,刺胞动物、扁形动物、纽虫动物、星虫动物和脊索动物各1种。多维标度排序(MdS)分析表明,春季和冬季泉州湾蟳埔潮间带3种生境的大型底栖动物群落相似性较低;夏季和秋季互花米草滩与牡蛎石泥滩的大型底栖动物群落相似性较高,而与沙滩的大型底栖动物群落相似性较低。沙滩大型底栖动物群落的季节变化较明显,其次是牡蛎石泥滩,而互花米草滩大型底栖动物群落的季节变化较不明显。大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量随着潮层降低而增加。单变量双因素方差分析(TWO-WAy AnOVA)表明,不同生境之间的大型底栖动物物种数、栖息密度、多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰度指数有显著差异,但生物量无显著差异,这是因为沙滩的物种数较少,栖息密度较低,但优势种弧边招潮蟹(uCA ArCuATA)个体较大,互花米草滩和牡蛎石泥滩的优势种为加州中蚓虫(MEdIOMASTuS CAlIfOrnIEnSIS),个体相对弧边招潮蟹小。不同季节之间大型底栖动物物种数、栖息密度、生物量和丰度指数有显著差异,但多样性指数和均匀度指数元显著差异,这是因为沙滩物种数少,但个体分布比较均匀,而互花米草滩和牡蛎石泥滩物种数较多,个体分布较不均匀。以上结果表明,潮汐、沉积物粒径和生境是影响潮间带大型底栖动物群落的主要因素。潮汐导致潮间带的空间异质性,空间异质性导致大型底栖动物群落的差异。This study was conducted in three different tidal levels within the intertidal zone of Xunpu,Quanzhou Bay,namely a sandy flat(on high-tide level),a Spartina alterniflora-dominated flat(on middle-tide flat) and an oysterdominated flat(on middle-tide flat).Investigations were repeated four times between 2011 and 2012.We aimed to understand the spatial and temporal variation of macrobenthic community structure and to evaluate differences among three habitats in the study area.A total of 85 macrobenthic species were recorded,including 39 annelida(38 polychaeta and 1oligochaeta),21 Crustacea,20 mollusca(6 gastropoda and 14 bivalvia),1 cnidaria,platyhelminthes,nemertea,sipuncula and chordata.The results of MDS analysis showed different macrobenthic communities among the three sites in spring and winter,while communities at the S.alterniflora-dormnated and oyster-dominated flats were similar in summer and autumn.Within each season,the species number in the S.alterniflora-dominaied flat was higher than that at the other two sites,probably due to a mixed sediment type and the shadowing of S.alterniflora acting as a shelter to animals.Instead,density and biomass of macrobenthos were higher at the two middle-tide flats than at the high-tidal flat.The temporal variation of macrobenthos was largest in the high-tidal flat and least in the S.alterniflora-dommated flat.With reduced tidal layer,density and biomass increased.Analysis of two-way ANOVA showed that in the three different habitats the species number,density,biodiversity,evenness and richness of macrobenthos were significantly different,while biomass was not.This because the species number and density were lower at the high-tide flat,dominated by the crab Uca arcuata,than at the other two sites,dominated by the polychaete Mediomastus californiensis.A comparison between different seasons showed that there were significant differences in species number,density,biomass and richness index,while diversity index and evenness index were not.This because the species number on the high-tide sand/lat was low,but distribution was more even.The results indicate that larger tidal ranges and longer submerged time in summer and autumn cause more similarity of macrobenthic communities in the S.alterniflora-dommated and oyster-dominated flats.Overall,tidal level,sediment particle size and habitat type were the main factors affecting the temporal and spatial distribution of macrobenthos in Xunpu intertidal zone,Quanzhou Bay.国家自然科学基金(41176089

Secondary Production of Macrofauna in Mangrove and Salt Marsh of Zhangjiang River Estuary,Fujian

为了比较福建漳江口红树林和盐沼湿地不同植物生境的大型底栖动物次级生产力,依据《海洋监测规范》(gb17378—2007)的定量框采样法,采用孔径为0.5MM的网筛,于2010年1,4,7和10月在漳江口红树林和盐沼湿地4种植物生境定量采集,获得大型底栖动物物种数、栖息密度和生物量数据,运用brEy的经验公式计算不同植物生境的大型底栖动物次级生产力.结果表明:4种植物生境的大型底栖动物年平均次级生产力为4.77g/(M2.A),其中白骨壤(AVI-CEnnIA MArInA)生境大型底栖动物的年平均次级生产力最高,为7.44g/(M2.A),其次是互花米草(SPArTInA AlTErnIflO-rA)、秋茄(kAndElIA CAndEl)和桐花树(AEgICErAS COrnICulATuM)生境,分别为4.30,3.94和3.40g/(M2.A).互花米草生境大型底栖动物的P/b值,是4种生境中最高的,为1.84,其次是桐花树、秋茄和白骨壤生境,分别为1.14,1.00和0.89.互花米草生境大型底栖动物的P/b值高是因为其栖息密度以个体较小的寡毛类占优势,占大型底栖动物栖息密度的85.30%,且小个体的多毛类,如小头虫(CAPITEllA CAPITATA)和刚鳃虫(CHAETOzOnE SETOSA)比例高,分别占多毛类栖息密度的52.7%和24.9%.个体较小、生命史较短的种类P/b值较高.In order to compare the different botanic biotopes in mangrove and salt marsh of Zhangjiang River estuary,Fujian,Brey′s empirical formula was used to calculate the secondary production of macrofauna based on the macrofaunal data,including species number,density and biomass,which were sampled in four seasons in 2010 following the standards of the Specification for Marine Monitoring(GB 17378—2007).The result showed that the mean annual secondary production of macrofauna in 4 biotopes was 4.77 g/(m2·a).The secondary production of macrofauna was highest at Avicennia marina biotope(7.44 g/(m2·a)),second highest at Spartina alterniflora biotope(4.30 g/(m2·a)),third highest at Kandelia candel biotope(3.94 g/(m2·a)),and lowest at Aegiceras corniculatum biotope(3.40 g/(m2·a)).The P/B ratio of macrofauna community was highest at Spartina alterniflora biotope(1.84),second highest at Aegiceras corniculatum biotope(1.14),third highest at Kandelia candel biotope(1.00),and lowest at Avicennia marina biotope(0.89).Spartina alterniflora biotope had the highest P/B ratio because of the high percentage of oligochaeta(85.30%),which was small in individual size.In addition,the percentages of small-sized polychaetes such as Capitella capitata and Chaetozone setosa were high as well.Those species which are small in individual size and short in live history have higher P/B ratios.国家自然科学基金项目(41176089);国家自然科学基金重点项目(30930017

Comparison of benthic macrofaunal communities in two mangrove habitats of Luoyangjiang Estuary in Quanzhou Bay

为探讨泉州湾洛阳江口桐花树和秋茄2种红树林生境的大型底栖动物群落是否存在明显差异,于2011年4月至2012年1月对2种红树林生境的大型底栖动物进行了季度定量调查.结果表明:4个季度在2种红树林生境定量取样获得大型底栖动物49种,其中多毛类15种,腹足类8种,甲壳类15种,鱼类3种,昆虫2种,刺胞动物、扁形动物、纽形动物、星虫动物、寡毛类和双壳类各1种.寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(nEPHTyS OlIgObrAnCHIA)、短拟沼螺(ASSIMInEA brEVICulA)、弧边招潮蟹(uCA ArCuATA)、指海葵(ACTInIA SP.)等在2种生境均有较高的栖息密度,可口革囊星虫(PHASCOlOSOMA ESCulEnTA)是2种生境的常见种,但栖息密度不高.虽然秋茄生境的大型底栖动物平均生物量高于桐花树生境,但桐花树生境的大型底栖动物群落的物种数、栖息密度、多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J)和丰富度指数(d)均高于秋茄生境.单变量双因素方差分析(TWO-WAy AnOVA)表明,2种红树林生境的大型底栖动物群落的多样性指数和均匀度指数有显著的季节差异、生境差异以及生境x季节差异.聚类分析表明,2种红树林生境的大型底栖动物群落组成的相似性较高,其原因是它们所处的潮区相同、沉积物类型相似和底质粒径相近.In order to compare the benthic macrofaunal community in two mangrove habitats,Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia candel,in Luoyangjiang Estuary,Quanzhou Bay,China,benthic macrofauna was investigated in 4 seasons from April 2011 to January 2012.A total of 49 benthic macrofaunal species were recorded,including 15 Annelida,8 Mollusca,15 Arthropoda,3 Chordata,2 Hexapod,1 Cnidaria,Platyhelminthes,Nemertea,Sipuncula,Oligochaeta and Bivalve.Nephtys oligobranchia,Assiminea brevicula,Uca arcuata,Actinia sp.showed high density in both two habitats,Phascolosoma esculenta is a dominant species in both two habitats but with lower density.Although the mean biomass of Kandelia candel was higher than Aegiceras corniculatum,the species number,density,diversity index(H'),evenness index(J) and richness index(d) of Aegiceras corniculatum were all higher.Two-way ANOVA showed that the diversity and evenness indexes of the two benthic macrofaunal communities had significant seasonal differences,habitat differences and habitat × season differences.Cluster analysis showed high similarity between the benthic macrofaunal communities in two mangrove habitats because of same tidal zone and similar types of sediment and sediment particle size.国家自然科学基金资助项目(41176089

HCTLab/rt-thread: v4.1.0-hybrid

<p>Hybrid version of RT-Thread OS. Please refer to 'rv32m1_vega_hybrid' BSP folder.</p&gt