Effect of Neu5Ac supplementation on learning and memory in weanling rats and rat pups

研究背景：新生儿生长发育对营养物质有特殊的要求，任何营养素的匮乏对机体的正常生长和器官结构功能的发育都有深远影响，对脑发育的影响尤为重要。早期营养对大脑的结构和功能有着不可逆转的影响，一旦错过大脑发育的关键期，产生的缺陷后天将无法弥补。新生儿期营养素的缺乏会影响其认知功能。 N-乙酰神经氨酸（N-acetylneuraminicacids，Neu5Ac）是人体中最常见的唾液酸。Neu5Ac在人体中普遍存在，在脑组织及母乳中含量较高；唾液酸作用于神经元细胞膜及突触，在神经系统中产生重要作用，例如促进神经细胞的发育、分化，参与突触传递和维持细胞的正常功能，并且在学习与记忆的过程起重要作用。因此，...Background: The growth of neonate requires particular nutrients, and the deficiency of certain kind of nutrient may put profound effect on the organism regular growth and the structures as well as functions, which especially influences the development of brain. The effect of nutrient deficiency on brain development in the early stage is irreversible, and the consequences caused by the nutrient def...学位：医学硕士院系专业：公共卫生学院_营养与食品卫生学学号：3272013115056

Survey on the distribution of dietary glycemic load and dietary insulin load of urban residents in Xiamen

目的了解厦门市城区居民碳水化合物消费情况及膳食血糖负荷及膳食胰岛素负荷的现状,调查膳食血糖负荷及膳食胰岛素负荷与生化指标。方法根据全国营养调查方案,2010年10-12月对厦门市城区的6个社区居委会成年居民进行调查,采用连续3 d 24 h回顾法对其中的291人进行膳食调查、身体测量及生化指标测量;根据膳食血糖生成指数(GI)和碳水化合物摄入量计算膳食血糖负荷(GL);根据膳食胰岛素指数(II)和能量及食用频率计算膳食胰岛素负荷(IL)。结果被调查的厦门市城区成年居民的平均膳食血糖指数为75.2;平均膳食血糖负荷为179.1;平均膳食胰岛素指数为30.4,平均膳食胰岛素负荷为247.2。粮谷类对膳食GL、IL的贡献达92.0%、83.1%。不同GL、IL水平的被调查人群的身体测量及生化指标间的差异无统计学意义;通过多元线性回归分析并未发现膳食GI、GL、II、IL与糖尿病的患病风险有明显的相关性。结论粮谷类食物是厦门市城区居民膳食GL、IL的主要来源,低膳食GL的人群粮谷类消费低,脂肪消费高,膳食结构不合理;并未发现膳食GL、IL与身体测量及生化指标之间的联系。Objective This work was to investigate the consumption of carbohydrate and distribution of dietary glycemic load(GL)and insulin load(IL) of urban residents in Xiamen. Methods According to the National Nutrition Survey program, six communities' residents of Xiamen were selected for the survey from Oct.~ Dec., 2010. A total of 219 subjects were surveyed with the 3consecutive days and 24 hours review method to acquire the food consumption data and underwent health examination. Dietary insulin load was calculated as a function of the food insulin index, and the energy content of individual foods was reported on food-frequency questionnaires. Dietary glycemic load was calculated by GI. Results 92.1% of the dietary glycemic load and 83.1%of the dietary insulin load were from cereals. Dietary insulin load and dietary insulin index were not associated with the overall biochemical index. The dietary GI, GL, II, IL was not positively associated with the risk of diabetes. Conclusion People with low GL tend to consume more fat and less carbohydrates

SURVEY ON NUTRITION AND HEALTH STATUS of URBAN RESIDENTS IN XIAMEN

目的了解厦门市城区居民营养与健康状况。方法根据全国营养调查方案,2010年10~12月对厦门市城区的6个社区居委会居民进行调查,采用连续3 d 24 H回顾法对其中的519人进行膳食调查,用称重法调查调味品的消耗,计算每标准人日各类营养素的摄入量;依据“中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量drIS(2000)“对膳食营养状况进行评价。对775人进行了健康体检。结果本次调查的厦门市城区居民人群的蛋类食物摄入适宜,谷薯类、蔬菜、水果、奶类、豆类食物摄入偏低,禽畜类、食用油、盐摄入偏高;宏量营养素供能比例不合理,脂肪、钠摄入偏高,膳食维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素C、钙、锌摄入不足状况严重;被调查人群低体重率为3.2%,超重率为32.3%,肥胖率为8.6%,高血压患病率为12.7%,贫血患病率为7.0%,空腹血糖受损率9.4%,考虑糖尿病率为6.7%,血脂异常率高达55.7%。结论被调查人群膳食结构不合理,部分微量营养素摄入不足,脂肪、盐摄入偏高,慢性病患病状况比较严重,群体健康状况不容乐观。Objective To investigate the nutrition and health status of urban residents in Xiamen.Methods According to the National Nutrition Survey Program, six community's residents of Xiamen were selected for the survey from Oct to Dec, 2010.Total of 519 subjects were surveyed with continuous 3 days 24 hours recall method to acquire the food consumption data, and the weighing method was employed to record the consumption of condiment.Then, the average intakes of nutrients per day were calculated.The average intakes of seven main nutrients per day were evaluated based on the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(DRIs)(2000).The health examination were carried on in 775 persons.Results The intakes of egg was adequate; and the intakes of cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, milk, and beans were inadequate.Intakes of meat and oil were slightly higher.The proportion contributed by macronutrients for energy was inadequate and the intakes of fat and sodium were higher than the recommended level.Dietary intakes of vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, and zinc were insufficient.The rate of average underweight, overweight, obesity, hypertension, anemia, impaired fasting glucose, suspected diabetes and dyslipidemia among the study population were 3.2%, 32.3%, 8.6%, 12.7%, 7.0%, 9.4%, 6.7% and 55.7% respectively.Conclusion Dietary pattern was not adequate among the surveyed population.Some micronutrients were insufficient.However, intakes of salt and fat were higher than the recommended level.Consequently, the prevalence of chronic diseases were elevated, and the health status seriously compromised

应用调整的膳食平衡指数评价厦门市区成年居民膳食质量

目的利用调整的中国膳食平衡指数(dbI-07)综合评价厦门市城区18~65岁居民膳食质量,为开展营养干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法于2010年10—12月对厦门市区6个社区居委会成年居民进行调查,采用连续3天24 H回顾法对其中的520人进行了膳食调查,采用dbI-07的评分方法评价厦门城区成年居民膳食质量水平。结果被调查的厦门市城区成年居民的膳食质量处于中度失衡状态,摄入不足和摄入过量并存;女性的摄入不足程度高于男性;各年龄段中,40~50岁人群摄入不足程度最高,摄入过量程度最低。结论被调查的厦门市城区成年居民水果、奶类及豆类摄入不足,肉类、食用油及盐类摄入过量;成年居民的主要膳食模式为A模式,且A模式反映了膳食中摄入不足与摄入过量的问题均较少,为最优模式。中央财政转移支付地方项