海洋污损硅藻附着强度的定量测定

以海洋底栖硅藻新月菱形藻MMDL533作为模型污损物种,利用显微镜-图像分析软件、平行平板流动装置测定了其在羟基化玻璃表面及改性玻璃上的附着性质。研究表明,环境温度为20℃时,新月菱形藻MMDL533在羟基化玻璃表面的附着量最大,在1 h的接触时间后达到87±9/mm2;同时,其附着量随着接触时间延长而变大,并在3 h后达到一个较为稳定的值(110±15/mm2左右);当用水流冲刷后细胞的移除率来表征细胞在特定表面的附着强度时,新月菱形藻MMDL533的附着强度随着表面接触角逐渐增大,并在80°左右达到最大值,然后呈下降趋势

海洋硅藻附着研究进展

随着人类对海洋资源的进一步开发和利用,越来越多的人工设备用于水下操作,而海洋生物污损在很大程度上制约了这些设备的应用,给人类带来重大的经济损失。因此,海洋生物污损的形成机制与防治成为当前研究的一个热点。海洋硅藻是海洋生物污损过程中形成生物膜的主要物种,其在水下固相表面的附着可诱导大型污损生物的附着,从而影响生物污损群落的形成。本文综述了硅藻在固相表面的附着机理、固相表面性质对硅藻附着的影响及具有应用前景的广谱抗污损高分子材料的研究进展,并展望海洋硅藻附着研究前景

The History of Chinese Grammars in Chinese and Western Scholarly Traditions

International audienceThis article evaluates the scientific contribution of Western scholars and missionaries in the compilation of a large number of descriptive grammars for Chinese languages which appeared during the period from the late sixteenth to the early twentieth centuries. This is all the more interesting, given that the native tradition of grammatical studies only began to develop at a very late period in China’s history, the first real grammar being published in 1898. This was the Mă shì wén tōng 馬氏文通 by Ma Jianzhong, a scholar who had gained a Western education while studying in Paris and was therefore broadly familiar with some of the main European intellectual traditions in linguistics, as well as the Chinese ones, concerned above all with rhetoric and philology.After a presentation of the main grammars of Chinese languages produced by Europeans during this period, the aptness of their theoretical frameworks is tested by analysing the treatment of the numeral classifier, a part of speech not found in European languages. The reasons for the prolonged lack of any theoretical interest in grammar, revealed in the native Chinese linguistic tradition, is speculated upon in an epilogue