Assessment of impact of intensive livestock cultivation on water environment in mountain and hilly areas of South China

[摘要]选择南方山地丘陵区典型规模畜禽养殖集中地为研究区域, 通过对该研究区域周边地表水及地下水的 调查采样, 分析主要污染物时空变异及污染物形态之间的变化, 并对周边水环境进行初步评价。结果表明: 规模化畜禽养殖区域的浅层地下水和地表水已经受到严重污染; 养殖场的环保处理设施与养殖规模不配套 造成大量污染物进入地表水环境; 生物氧化塘的护堤和塘底未经防渗处理, 造成下游地下水污染; 养殖场排 放的污水经厌氧和好氧生物处理后富含有机质、氨氮、可溶态有机磷, 利于作物吸收和生长, 应尽量循环使 用。指出由于养殖污水变化较大, 为避免二次环境污染, 必须处理达标后结合配方施肥技术按需回用农田。[Abstract]By selecting a typical site of intensive livestock cultivation in a mountain area of South China as the study area, and investigating and sampling surface and groundwater in the study area, the spatial and temporal variat ions of the main pollutants and changes among pollutant forms were analyzed. The environmental effects of intensive livestock cultivation on surrounding water environments were evaluated. The results indicated that the shallow groundwater and surfacewater were heavily contaminated in the intensive livestock cultivation area. Large amounts of the pollutants entered the surface water, due to the fact that the wastewater treatment facility did not match the scale of livestock cult ivation. The lack of liner treatment of the bank and liner of the lagoon resulted in groundwater pollution. The effluent wastewater from the culturing farm after anaerobic and aerobic biologic treatment was full of organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and dissolved organic phosphorus, which aided the growth of plants and should be recycled. Because of the significant change of the wastewater component, and in order to avoid secondary pollution, the wastewater should be recycled to land combined with precision fertilizer formula technology after treatment to bring it to the standard.福建省重大科技项目(2002H009)；福州大学人才基金项目(XRC-0611

多种手势对应同一语义的柔性映射交互算法的研究

针对智能交互界面中手势识别错误导致交互界面变化错误和手势不识别两个基本问题,本文设计并实现了基于手势交互的智能教学界面,该系统可以通过获取教师的手势信息与教师进行交互.主要创新点在于提出了多种手势对应同一语义的柔性映射交互算法.本文选取了14种自然交互手势,分析了对应同一语义的多种手势之间的共同特征.实验结果显示,该算法能够有效降低用户负荷.该算法已经用于一个基于手势交互的智能教学系统界面中.国家重点研发计划(No.2018YFB1004901)国家自然科学基金(No.61472163,No.61603151)山东省重点研发计划(No.2017GGX10146

高显色指数LED光谱配比与色度参数的关系

为了提高LED光源的显色性一般需要改变不同的荧光粉成分,理论上利用不同峰值的荧光粉配比可以实现类似的色温和显色指数。我们采用典型的蓝光LED、3种不同峰值波长的绿色/黄绿色荧光材料与典型红色荧光材料进行5种基本光谱的组合,对每种组合的色度学参数包括色坐标、相关色温、显色指数等进行了仿真计算,并对相近色温下的技术方案和显色性的关系进行了统计和分析。结果表明,在这一技术方案下色温和显色指数在可以较好地确定白光LED光谱的整体形态,同时更高的显色指数可以更好地约束所能采用的配比。国家重点研发计划(批准号:2017YFB0403705

Effect of Flue-gas Cleaning Devices on Mercury Emission From Coal-fired Boiler

为研究燃煤锅炉烟气净化设施对汞排放特性的影响,采用Ontario-Hydro方法,对设有催化脱硝、静电除尘、海水脱硫的300MW燃煤锅炉排放烟气中汞的含量与形态进行分析,同时测定锅炉的煤、底渣、飞灰等固体样品以及脱硫塔前后、曝气之后海水样品中的汞含量。实验结果为:烟气中的气态汞占总汞的79.1%以上,脱硝催化剂对汞的价态具有强烈的转化作用,烟气中83.4%的气态Hg0被氧化成气态Hg2+;静电除尘对颗粒态汞的去除率几乎达到100%;在脱硫塔中,海水对烟气中汞的洗脱率高达73.6%,曝气后排放前的海水中含汞量是新鲜海水的5.5倍。研究表明锅炉烟气净化设施对汞的排放特性有着重要的影响。In order to study the effect of flue-gas cleaning devices on mercury emission from coal-fired boiler, Ontario-Hydro method had been applied to determine the mercury concentration and speciation in the flue-gas emitted from a 300MW coal-fired boiler, which was equipped with various pollution control devices, including selective catalyst reduction (SCR) De-NOx system, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and flue-gas seawater De-SO2 system (FGD). Mercury concentration in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ash of the boiler, seawater at the inlet and outlet of SO2 absorption reactor and the drainage of aeration sink, were also analyzed. The results indicate that the percentage of gaseous mercury in total mercury discharged is more than 79.1%. De-NOx catalyst strongly affects the mercury speciation transformation, showing a conversion rate of 83.4% for Hg0 to Hg2+. The removal efficiency of particulate mercury by ESP is close to 100%. With seawater FGD, the removal efficiency of mercury is as high as 73.6%. The mercury concentration in the seawater of drainage from aeration sink is 5.5 times higher than that in fresh seawater. The study shows that the flue-gas cleaning devices in coal-fired power plant play an important role on mercury emission characterization

重庆市主城区长江和嘉陵江水中有机污染物对斑马鱼胚胎仔鱼的毒性研究

目的以重庆市主城区大溪沟(嘉陵江)和寸滩(长江)两个点为代表,研究2004~2005年度重庆市水源水中有机污染物的组成和对斑马鱼胚胎仔鱼的毒性。方法固相萃取法萃取水中有机污染物,GC/MS检测有机污染物的种类;将萃取的有机污染物溶于DMSO中,并用斑马鱼胚胎仔鱼实验研究水中有机污染物对斑马鱼胚胎孵化率和仔鱼畸形率的影响。结果四个水样中均可检出有机污染物,污染物的种类以酞酸酯类和多环芳烃类为主;污染物可导致斑马鱼胚胎孵化率降低及仔鱼畸形率增加,其毒性呈现出时间和剂量依赖性;同一采样点中,枯水期水样毒性大于

Thirty Years of Regulatory Detailed Planning: Gains and Losses, and Prospects

吕传廷(中国城市规划学会理事,中国城市规划学会控规学术委员会主任委员,广州市城市规划编制研究中心主任,教授级高级工程师,本论坛主持人):非常高兴诸位嘉宾、代表参加由广州城市规划编制研究中心、深圳规划国土发展研究中心、重庆规划研究中心三家单位联合举办的"控制

Some Effects of Co on the Electrochromic Properties of NiO xH y Film

本文利用阴极化电沉积法在抛光镍板及ＩＴＯ玻璃表面制备了含Ｃｏ量为１６．２％的ＮｉＯｘＨｙ薄膜，薄膜厚度分别为４２ｎｍ、２１ｎｍ，采用透射光谱以及线性电位扫描、交流阻抗和阳极稳态极化曲线等测试技术，考察了Ｃｏ对ＮｉＯｘＨｙ薄膜电致变色性能的影响，光谱测试范围为３００～２５００ｎｍ．结果发现：Ｃｏ能降低薄膜着色态在可见光区及部分近红外区的透过率，通过电压调节不仅可以调光而且可望能够控温；同时Ｃｏ还能降低ＮｉＯｘＨｙ薄膜电致变色电位，升高薄膜氧化着色过程中的氧析出过电位，对薄膜的电致变色性能有改进作用，但降低了着色过程中质子的扩散系数．Some effects of Co addition upon the electrochromic characteristics of a nic_kel hydroxide film were studied. The films were electrodeposited on both polished Ni plate and conductive ITO glass. The electrochemical behaviors were investigated using the film on Ni plate by linear potential sweep, a.c. impedance, and anodic polarization curves for OER(oxygen evolution reaction). It was found that Co can lower the working voltage and raise the oxygen overpotential, but has little effect on the reaction kinetics. It was also found that the Co can improve the optical properties of the electrochromic film.作者联系地址：南开大学新能源材料化学研究所Author's Address: Inst. of New Energy Material Chem. Nankai Univ., Tianjin 30007

Freestanding palladium nanosheets with plasmonic and catalytic properties

通讯作者地址: Huang, XQ (通讯作者), Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 2. Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 3. Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 电子邮件地址: [email protected] metal films can exhibit quantum size and surface effects that give rise to unique physical and chemical properties(1-7). Metal films containing just a few layers of atoms can be fabricated on substrates using deposition techniques(7), but the production of freestanding ultrathin structures remains a significant challenge. Here we report the facile synthesis of freestanding hexagonal palladium nanosheets that are less than 10 atomic layers thick, using carbon monoxide as a surface confining agent. The as-prepared nanosheets are blue in colour and exhibit a well-defined but tunable surface plasmon resonance peak in the near-infrared region. The combination of photothermal stability and biocompatibility makes palladium nanosheets promising candidates for photothermal therapy. The nanosheets also exhibit electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of formic acid that is 2.5 times greater than that of commercial palladium black catalyst.NSF of China 20925103 20871100 20721001 20703032 MOST of China 2009CB930703 2011CB932403 Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation 121011 NSF of Fujian 2009J06005 Key Scientific Project of Fujian Province 2009HZ0002-

The Role of Edge一based and Surface一based Features in Implicit Category Learning

每个类别的样例都有颜色、形状、纹理等不同维度的特征，这些特征通常在类别学习研究中被认为同等重要。然而，有关物体识别和分类的研究己发现，轮廓比表面特征更重要。为了探讨轮廓、表面特征在内隐类别学习中的作用，本研究采用原型变异任务，通过分别以轮廓特征和表面特征来界定类别，并且类别结构可以分别由规则或相似性界定，考察了不同特征在内隐类别学习中的作用及其机制。 研究一采用3个行为实验考察原型变异任务中类别由规则界定时不同定义特征对内隐类别学习的影响。其中，实验1和实验2探讨被试分别学习以轮廓特征或表面特征定义的类别时，不同特征对内隐类别学习的影响。结果发现，与表面特征界定类别相比，被试对轮廓特征界定的类别表现出更好的学习成绩，而且随着定义特征的数目的增加，轮廓特征界定类别的正确率显著提高，而表面特征界定类别的正确率没有显著变化。实验3结果发现，当学习阶段同时呈现以轮廓特征或表面特征定义的类别时，被试可以同时学到这两个类别，并且其对轮廓特征界定的类别表现出更好的学习成绩。 研究二采用2个实验，通过使用可以通过规则也可以通过相似性分类的两可类别结构，考察在内隐和外显学习中不同特征对个体策略倾向性的影响。实验4结果发现，在内隐类别学习条件下，当定义特征为轮廓特征时，被试表现出对相似性策略的倾向性。而在外显类别学习条件下，高学习成绩被试表现出对规则策略的倾向性。实验_5的结果发现，规则相关特征的突显性会对分类策略的选择产生影响。 研究三采用2个脑电实验考察不同特征在内隐类别学习不同阶段的作用。实验6采用由规则界定的类别，发现在类别判断的早期阶段，表面特征界定的类别引起了更大的前部N1效应的同时却引起了更小的前部P2效应;但在类别判断的晚期阶段，轮廓特征界定类别引起了更大的后部P2效应。实验7采用由相似性界定的类别，发现对于轮廓特征界定类别，不同相似性的刺激会引起不同的前部P2和前部N2效应;而对于表面特征界定类别，不同相似性的刺激主要引起不同的后部P3b和前部P3a效应。这些结果说明，尽管表面特征在早期知觉阶段可以吸引更多的注意，但是轮廓特征在晚期判断阶段会起更重要的作用。 研究四采用近红外技术，考察不同定义特征的类别在内隐和外显类别学习中激活脑区上的差异。结果发现，在内隐学习阶段，轮廓类的刺激比表面类的刺激在初级视觉皮层和颗中回表现出更低的激活水平，在随后的测试阶段，轮廓类比表面类在背外侧前额叶上表现出更高水平的激活。在外显学习过程中，轮廓类的刺激比表面类刺激在初级视觉皮层和梭状回表现出更强的激活，而在之后的测试阶段下，两种类别之间均没有差异。 本研究系统考察轮廓和表面特征在内隐类别学习中作用机制，发现轮廓特征比表面特征在内隐类别学习中发挥更重要的作用，轮廓特征的作用主要体现在对目标特征的探测分析，将当前刺激与记忆中的表征进行匹配的过程;而表面特征即使在分类的早期阶段会吸引更多的注意，在分类的晚期阶段投入了更多的努力和认知资源，但正确率仍然比轮廓特征界定的类别差。在内隐类别学习中，轮廓类刺激的相似模式可以被更好的知觉为同一个类别，表现为枕叶和颗中回激活减弱;在外显类别学习中，轮廓类的刺激可以得到更深的加工以提取类别的概念，表现为枕叶和梭状回激活增强。相关研究发现丰富了内隐类别学习的理论研究和神经机制研究，有助于我们进一步了解内隐类别学习中表征形成及分类的过程。</p