几种红树植物的遗传变异和抗盐特性的分子生态学研究

红树林(Mangroves)是生长于热带、亚热带陆海交汇的海湾河口潮间带的盐生木本植物群落，它蕴藏着丰富的动植物、微生物基因库，是一种珍贵的生物资源。红树林在维护海岸生态平衡；防风减灾、护堤保岸；环境污染监测、净化与防治等上发挥重要的作用。目前国内外对红树植物开展了大量的生物学研究工作,成果多集中在生态学,生理学,生物化学等领域，而分子生物学领域的研究工作还处于起步阶段。本文运用RAPD分子标记技术，对不同种属红树植物的遗传变异与生态分化进行了研究；首次运用改进的mRNA差别显示技术，从抗盐能力强的泌盐红树植物－白骨壤基因组中分离克隆了抗盐相关基因。同时运用蛋白质双向电泳技术，从白骨壤叶片中分...Mangroves, the intertidal ecosystems occurring primarily in the tropical regions around the world, are valuable natural resources with high productivity and special wetland habitat. The plant species that are quite diversity to form a part of the ecosystem are constantly under environmental stress due to high saline conditions and extreme temperatures and have adapted themselves to these frequent ...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：B19982600

福建省桫椤科植物的分子分类学研究

桫椤科科下等级设立长期以来存在一定的争议 .以福建省内 5种桫椤科植物刺桫椤 (Alsophilaspinulosa(Hook .)Tryon)、黑桫椤 (Gymnosphaerapodophylla (Hook .)Copel.)、针毛桫椤 (G .metteniana (Hance)Tagawa)、粗齿桫椤(G .hancockii(Copel.)Ching)、牛姆林桫椤 (G .niumulinensisLi,ChenetDeng) (新拟 )为材料 ,采用改进的CTAB法获得了纯度较高 ,得率高 ,片段完整 (片段大小均大于 2 3kb)的基因组DNA ,并运用RAPD技术对这 5种桫椤进行了遗传多样性分析 .从 4 0个 10 mer随机引物中筛选 30个有效引物 ,并利用这 30个有效引物共扩增出 10 73条DNA带 .利用UPGA法对桫椤科的 5个种的种间亲缘关系进行聚类分析 ,得出 5个种的DNA分子分类系统图 .结果表明 ,可以分为针毛桫椤、刺桫椤和黑桫椤 3组 ,平均遗传距离为 0 .6 1,符合属间的关系 ,从而确定了RAPD技术用于桫椤科植物分子分类研究的可行性 .结合前人在形态解剖学方面的工作 ,提出这 5种桫椤科植物可以分为 3个类群 ,即刺桫椤类、黑桫椤类和针毛桫椤类 ,并提供了 3个类群的检索

Studies on DNA fingerprint of genuine Chinese herbs Alisma orientalis by RAPD

目的　为了探讨道地药材与非道地药材之间遗传变异的大小 ,并建立道地药材的品质鉴定方法。方法　运用了随机扩增多态 DNA( RAPD)技术 ,对福建、江西、四川产的泽泻科植物泽泻 Alisma orientalis进行了研究。结果　同种异地药材所形成的不同的居群 ,具有不同的遗传特征。结论　 RAPD技术可作为鉴别道地药材的参考方法。Object To research genovariations between genuine Chinese herbs and non genuine ones and to develop a valuable tool used in identification of the Chinese herb.Methods RAPD technique was applied in studies on the samples of Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep. from different area in Fujian, Sichuan and Jiangxi provinces.Results The DNA fingerprints of genuine and non genuine Chinese herbs were compared and it was suggested that the herbal populations growing in different area in above three provinces had different genus characteristics.Conclusion RAPD technique is a valuable tool for identification of genuine Chinese herbs.厦门市卫生局医学科学技术进步基金科研资助项

Pathological characteristics of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 and screening of its probiotics

在获得绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的菌株K88-GFP并证明其与K88具有遗传同质性的基础上,以K88-GFP为致病菌,腹腔注射侵染小鼠,在不同时间进行眼球采血,测定血液生理生化指标,并采取不同器官或组织,培养后利用紫外光激发K88-GFP的绿色荧光,观察计数这种产肠毒素性大肠杆菌(ETEC)在小鼠体内的分布。同时通过体外抑制和活体饲喂试验,进行了益生菌的筛选。结果证实,ETEC致病菌具有较强的侵袭性,它可以侵袭小鼠肝、肾、心、肺及脑、肌肉等器官和组织,尤其可对肝、肾造成严重的损伤;筛选得到益生菌株PB JK-2,在体内外均对K88具有较好的抑制作用。Healthy Kunming mice were infected with Escherichia coli strain K88-GFP,which was marked with green fluorescence protein(GFP) gene and shared homology with enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC) K88,by intraperitoneal injection.Eyeball blood of the infected mice was sampled and the standard blood biochemical indexes were determined at different moment post-injection.Different organs and tissues of the mice-killed at different time points post-injection were sampled and cultured.Then,the distribution of the ETEC in the mice was observed by ultraviolet radiating of the green florescence of K88-GFP clones.Probiotics were screened by using inhibition test in vitro and mice feeding test in vivo.The results showed that the ETEC was invasive,and could infect murine liver,kidney,heart,lung,brain and muscles but damage seriously the liver and kidney.Probiotics strain PB JK-2 was selected and proved to suppress the pathogeny K88 well in vivo and in vitro.福建省青年科技人才创新计划项目(2005J064

中国红树林的害虫种类及其综合防治

通过对文献资料的统计，共发现中国红树林害虫128种，隶属2纲7目55科，其中以鳞翅目、半翅目昆虫为主，分别占总数的52.4%和26.6%。危害无瓣海桑Sonneratia apetala、桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum、秋茄Kandelia obovata、白骨壤Avicennia marina、海桑Sonneratia caseolaris的害虫分别有45种、45种、37种、32种和20种。广东红树林害虫种类最多，共计95种，广西其次，有49种。鳞翅目害虫多以幼虫取食为害，主要包括海榄雌瘤斑螟Acrobasis sp.、桐花树毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera Meyrick、棉古毒蛾Orgyia postica Walker、蜡彩袋蛾Chalia larminati Heylaerts、丽绿刺蛾Latoia lepida Cramer等；半翅目害虫以幼虫、成虫吸食植物汁液为害，主要有考氏白盾蚧Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley)、广翅蜡蝉Ricania sp.等。在虫害的综合防治中，以生物防治为主，即利用寄生蜂、苏云金杆菌、白僵菌、捕食性天敌和生物制剂等进行防治，结合物理防治方法可以提升防治效果。此外，对红树林虫害暴发的原因和机制也进行了探讨分析

Progress in Molecular Biological Studies of α_Tubulin in Maize (Zea mays)

自1963 年在植物细胞中发现微管以来，其研究取得了较大进展。α＿ 微管蛋白是组成微管的基本单位之一。本文综述了玉米α＿微管蛋白基因及其表达调控的研究进展The studies on microtubule have been made great progresses since microtubule was found in plant cells in 1963.Researches on the genes and the regulation of gene expression of α_tubulin in maize, a subunit of tubulin which is a major constituent of microtubule, are reviewed

巴戟天多糖的分离与纯化新方法

以巴戟天(Morinda officinalisHow)为原料,运用多种理化方法,提取纯化巴戟天粗多糖,经红外吸收光谱比较和鉴定确认提取物中有多糖特征吸收.采用苯酚—硫酸法测定多糖含量,以多糖的纯度和提取率为主要指标,对提取方法进行优化.结果表明,用乙醇-水提取法进行提取,用Sevag法除蛋白,氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)结合醇沉法进行纯化.正交实验结果表明提取纯化巴戟多糖最隹条件是乙醇浓度为85%,CPC浓度为0.4%,粗多糖浓度为10%的条件下,纯化多糖的纯度为89.7%,多糖的提取率为10.2%

Studies on Valuable and Rare Chinese Herbs Anoectochilu s roxburghii by DNA Fingerprintings Using RAPD

王其新 男, 1 9 7 3 年毕业于中山大学药用植物学专业。现任湛江市药品检验所中药室主任, 主任中药师。擅长生药学、中药鉴定学和植物化学,连续参加三版中国药典部分药品标准的起草和修订工作, 对草豆范的薄层色谱鉴别进行了系统的研究。所建立的薄层色谱法被中国药典采用。编著著作1 本, 获广东药学院科技进步二等奖1 项, 发表科学论文28 篇, 取得“ 壮骨口服液” 发明专利1 项。为了鉴别金线莲的品种，探索同属植物之间的亲缘关系及同种 植物不同产地的遗传变异，并制定正品金线莲的 DNA 指纹图谱，采用随机扩增多态 DNA(RAPD)技术对兰科开唇兰属植物花叶开唇兰 Anoectochilus roxburghii(Wal-l.).Lindl.、台湾开唇兰 A.formosanus Hay. 进行了鉴定，结果选 择的 7 个引物对 3 个品种 共扩增出 98 个位点，其中 3 个引物为高特异性引物。结论 RAPD 技术不仅能鉴别种间差 异，而且能揭示同种不同产地植物的遗传变异。厦门市卫生局医学科学技术进步基金科研资助项

ANALYSIS ON GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SEVEN MANGROVES IN RHIZOPHORACEAE IN CHINA

作者简介: 周涵韬( 1970 - ) , 男, 湖北省武汉市人; 博士; 研究方向: 植物分子生物学[中文文摘]以红树、红海榄、秋茄、角果木、木榄、海莲、尖瓣海莲等 7种红树科植物为材料 ,采用改进的CTAB法获得了纯度较高、得率高、片段完整的基因组DNA。通过筛选出的 1 5个有效引物进行RAPD分析 ,探讨了 7种红树植物间的亲缘关系。1 5个有效引物共扩增出 61 7条DNA带 ,其中多态性条带 41 5条 ,占总扩增条带的 67 2 6%。利用Nei指数法得出 7个分类群间的遗传一致度和遗传距离 ,并运用UPGMA法进行聚类分析。 7个分类群分为A、B两个大组 ,平均遗传距离为 0 41。将得出的 7个分类群的DNA分子分类系统图 ,与传统的分类进行比较 ,发现结果相符。同时获得一个OPG0 5— 90 0的差异片段可作为区分海莲和尖瓣海莲的分子标记。[英文文摘]DNAs from 7 txax of mangroves in Rhizophoraceae were extracted by using the CTAB method. A 260 /A 280 ratio of DNA solutions ranged from 1.6 to 2.0,and the length of DNA fragment was about 23kb. RAPD markers were used to assess the relationships among the 7 taxa of mangroves in Rhizophoraceae. Fifteen effective primers were screened from 30 10-oligonucleotide arbitrary primers,and a total of 617 DNA bands were amplified,among which 415 (67.26%) were polymorphic. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis of 617 DNA bands amplified by the 15 primers, a DNA molecular dendrog ram was established, which d-ivided 7 species in Rhizophoraceae into 2 main groups. The average genetic distance among the 7 taxa was 0. 41, and the maximum genetic distance was 0. 56( < 0. 6) , which between Ceriops tagal and Bruguiera sex angula var. rhy nchopetala. It indicated that the 7 taxa are in the same family. Group A included 3 taxa- R hiz ophora apiculata, R . stylosa , Ceriops tagal; group B contained 4 species Bruguiera gymnorr hiza, B . sex angula, B. sexangulavar . rhynchop etala, and K andelia candel . The dendrogram obtained from the cluster analysis was consistent to morphological classification. A special DNA f ragment , which named OPG05-900, was amplified to distinguish B. sex angula and B . sex angulavar . rhynchopetala. The results could be valuable to the projects of plant introduction, ecological restoration and conservation in mangroves.国家教育部高等学校博士点基金资助项目 (批准号:1 9990 384 1 0