The Interpreter's Role as a Mediator of Face-Work in Government Press Conferences in Diplomatic Settings in China

伴随着口译研究范式的多样化发展，基于社会学理论的研究也逐渐屡见不鲜。口译不再被看作是发生在社会“真空”环境下的单纯的语言类活动，而学者们更多地将其作为一种社会情境下的交际活动来研究。与此同时，学界对译员角色的看法也发生了本质性改变。译员不再被看做是透明的“机器”或“管道”，转而变成了显身并具有主体意识的交际参与者。随着学者们对译员角色的日益关注，它已然成为了口译研究中的重要课题。 本文的研究对象为外交场合下译员的“面子协调者”角色。“面子协调工作”这一概念最初由美国社会学家尔文•戈夫曼提出，它指的是个人为了维护自身面子而采取的一系列行动（1972:12）。已有的一些研究证明译员会...With the broadening scope of paradigms of interpreting studies, scholars are increasingly focusing on the interdisciplinary aspect of interpreting researches and there are more and more studies in light of sociological theories. Researchers no longer regard interpreting as a speech event happening in “vacuum” regardless of social factors, but as authentic social interactions. Accordingly, breakthr...学位：翻译硕士院系专业：外文学院_英语语言文学学号：1202013115277

In Situ Studies on the Determination of PAHs， DOM and Their Interactions in Aqueous Solution

PAHs是分布最广，数量最多的一类环境致癌物。DOM通过与PAHs相互作用以及自身的理化性质，极大地影响着溶解态PAHs的分布、迁移和转化。对多组分溶解态PAHs浓度水平及其与DOM的相互作用以及两者的环境行为的研究是开展环境中PAHs生物修复、生态毒性和环境风险评价的关键。用荧光猝灭法研究DOM和PAHs相互作用，要求发展多组分荧光混合物检测方法，要求建立DOM指示物—CDOM的高灵敏度表征方法。本论文针对现有方法的不足和实际环境测定的特殊要求，立足水体中溶解态PAHs、HA和CDOM三维荧光特性研究，建立多组分溶解态PAHs的双波长荧光测定法、双波长荧光猝灭法，CDOM荧光和吸收现场检测技...PAHs are the most widely distributed and plentiful environmental carcinogens. DOM has considerably influence on the distribution, transportation and degradation of PAHs because of the interactions of DOM-PAHs and the properties of DOM in aqueous systems. The investigation on the concentration of multi-component of dissolved PAHs and the interactions of DOM-PAHs are the key to carry out the PAHs bi...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：2262006115233

Development and Application of the Absorption Measurement Kit of 10-AU Field Fluorometer

针对天然水体中溶解有机物吸收和荧光无法同时测定的问题,对特纳10-Au现场荧光仪进行了改进。通过对仪器样品室的改造,利用反射镜改变光路,设置衰减片和降低光电倍增管电压控制光通量,在不破坏原有仪器结构下实现其吸收光谱测定功能。改进后的仪器测定重铬酸钾和高锰酸钾水溶液的灵敏度较CAry 100紫外可见分光光度计分别高约1倍和0.5倍,相对标准偏差分别为3.93%、2.12%(n=7)。实现了腐殖酸水溶液的吸收和荧光的同时测定,检出限分别为0.306Mg/l和0.0104Mg/l。实验证明改进后的10-Au现场荧光仪可用于水体中溶解有机物吸收光谱的测定,操作简便,测定结果可靠。A Turner 10-AU field fluorometer was improved to solve problems of the study on simultaneously determination of dissolved organic matter absorption and fluorescent properties in natural water samples.The sample cell and cell holder of the fluorometer were modified with a mirror to develop a new absorption measurement kit,and attenuator plates and photomultiplier voltage were used to control the intensity of absorption light.The absorption measurements of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate solution were realized by the improved fluorometer.The Sensitivities of the improved fluorometer were about 1 and 0.5 times higher than that of Cary 100 UV-Vis spectrophotometer,with the RSD were 3.93%、2.12%(n=7),respectively.Satisfactory results were both obtained for the absorption spectra measurement and the fluorescent determination of humic acid in water,detection limit was 0.306mg/L and 0.0104mg/L respectively.It was proved by experimental results that the improved fluorometer was successfully used to determine dissolved organic matter in water with simpler procedure and satisfactory results.NSFC(20777062);SRFDP(200803840015);厦门大学科技创新项目(2)科学仪器研制与开发(XDKJCX20061022)资助

人CD4胞外区蛋白在杆状病毒-昆虫细胞系统中的表达纯化及性质鉴定

目的:通过条件优化实现人CD4蛋白胞外区在杆状病毒-昆虫细胞表达系统中的高效表达,并对纯化获得的人CD4蛋白胞外区进行抗原性与免疫原性分析。方法:通过选择人CD4分子胞外片段构建重组杆状病毒(p Ac-CD4),然后感染昆虫细胞进行蛋白的表达,采用镍离子亲和层析纯化。运用SDS-PAGE、Western blot、体积排阻色谱、ELISA、SPR法等分析纯化得到目的蛋白的理化性质和抗原性。通过弗氏佐剂与目的蛋白混合免疫BALB/c小鼠,监测小鼠免疫血清的抗体生成。结果:经纯化可获得纯度90%以上的人CD4蛋白,每升细胞培养液最终可获得11.2 mg的目的蛋白,且该人CD4胞外区蛋白具有良好的抗原性。小鼠血清监测结果显示人CD4蛋白能有效刺激机体产生免疫应答,显示其具有良好的免疫原性。结论:本研究通过杆状病毒-昆虫细胞系统进行高效表达,获得抗原性和免疫原性良好的人CD4胞外区蛋白,为HIV受体和感染的研究奠定基础。国家自然科学基金(No.81671645

乙型肝炎病毒体外感染和复制的细胞模型

慢性乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是严重威胁人类生命健康的世界性公共卫生问题。基于现有抗HBV药物的治疗策略,仅能在极少部分患者中实现慢性乙肝的功能性治愈。发展更为有效的抗HBV药物,需要更加透彻全面地认识各个病毒组分和关键宿主因子在HBV感染和复制生命周期中发挥的功能和机制,并在此基础上发现鉴定新的治疗靶点。支持HBV体外感染和复制的细胞模型,是研究HBV生活史的重要工具,并在治疗新靶点的发现和候选药物功效评估等研究工作中发挥关键作用。本文对支持HBV感染和复制细胞模型的新近研究进展进行梳理分析,并对这些模型的应用特点和局限性、新近研究进展和未来发展方向进行系统阐述和讨论。国家自然科学基金(81672023)~

戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白特异性人源单克隆抗体的筛选与鉴定

目的:建立从外周血快速筛选戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)衣壳蛋白特异性人源抗体的方法,从疫苗免疫者外周血中筛选出相应抗体并进行鉴定。方法:采用分选型流式细胞仪获得外周血中HEV衣壳蛋白特异性的记忆B细胞,通过单细胞RT-PCR的方法获得抗体序列,并进行重组表达,最后对获得的人源单克隆抗体进行初步性质鉴定。结果:成功筛选到识别HEV衣壳蛋白的6株人源单克隆抗体,6株抗体均具有抗原结合活性,4株抗体具有中和活性。结论:成功获得HEV衣壳蛋白特异性人源单克隆抗体序列,并进行真核表达,对抗体的性质进行初步鉴定,为后期研究疫苗免疫的人体内的抗体演化打下基础。国家自然科学基金(No.81571996);;福建省自然科学基金(No.2016J05201)资

一种A型流感病毒NP抗原快速检测试剂的建立

目的建立一种适合现场检测需要的A型流感快速诊断试剂。方法以自制的抗A型流感(FluA)病毒核蛋白(NP)单抗为原料,建立快速检测A型流感病毒的双抗体夹心酶免疫渗滤试验,并对其灵敏度和特异性进行了初步评价。结果该试剂对不同地区流行的各种亚型的A型流感病毒株均有较高的反应性,而对非FluA病毒株无交叉反应。比较该试剂与BD公司的两种流感快速诊断试剂,发现该试剂对随机选取的3株FluA病毒的检测分析灵敏度高出Directigen EZ Flu A试剂5~125倍,对2株FluA病毒的分析灵敏度高出Directigen Flu A试剂约20倍。另外,用该试剂对57份含漱液标本和170份动物拭子标本进行检测,结果显示:本试剂的灵敏度(>85%)和特异性(>95%)均优于当前主流的商品化A型流感快速诊断试剂。结论利用抗FluANP单抗为原料建立了A型流感快速诊断试剂,该试剂的应用无需任何专用仪器,操作简便快速,可满足现场检测需要

Variations of River N_2O Saturations and Emission Factors in Relation to Nitrogen Levels in China

通过选择我国3个不同流域的河流,研究了河流n2O饱和度与释放量的时空变化及其与河流氮水平的关系,并评估了IPCC关于河流n2O的释放系数。结果显示,河流硝态氮和氨氮的浓度变化范围分别为0.023~5.24(均值1.29±0.822)Mg n.l-1和0.020~40.3(均值2.54±5.47)Mg n·l-1;相应地,河流n2O饱和度和释放量的变化范围分别为90%~8213%(均值407%±1010%)及0.250~1960(均值58.3±221)μg n.M-2·H-1。不同河流n2O饱和度均呈现明显的季节变化特征,n2O饱和度几乎持续处于过饱和状态,表明河流n2O是大气n2O的源。不同类型的河流,其氮浓度水平、n2O饱和度与释放量均有显著差异,城市纳污型河流——南淝河,其氨氮浓度、n2O饱和度和释放量显著高于其他河流,均值分别达(12.5±6.10)Mg n·l-1、1760%±2620%及(363±548)μg n M-2·H-1。研究发现,除南淝河外,所有径流主导型的河流,其n2O饱和度与nO3-含量存在显著线性正相关关系,说明高nO3-含量的河流能增加n2O的表观产量。除南淝河以外的河流n2O释放系数变化范围为0.05%~0.87%,均值为0.20%,较为接近IPCC的参考值0.25%。但我们的研究建议采用修正后的河流n2O释放系数(均值为0.10%),该系数更能体现河流释放n2O的实际情况。Nitrous oxide(N2O)is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes the climate changes and stratospheric ozone depletion.An increase of active nitrogen(N)loading resulting from human activities to watersheds makes river systems a potentially important source of N2O.Here,we present the results of spatial and temporal variations of river N2O saturations and emissions in relation to N levels from rivers among three watersheds with multiple land uses in China,and we also assess the emission factors based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes(IPCC)guidelines.The results showed that nitrate and ammonium concentrations ranged from 0.023 to 5.24(average 1.29±0.822) mg.L-1and from 0.020 to 40.3(average 2.54±5.47)mg N.L-1,respectively;Correspondingly,N2O saturations and emissions ranged from 90% to 8213%(average 407%±1010%)and from 0.250 to 1960(average 58.3±221)μg N.m-2.h-1,respectively among the rivers.Our study demonstrated all the rivers were sources of N2O to the atmosphere.There existed significant differences of ammonium concentrations,N2O saturations and emissions for rivers in these watersheds,and the highest mean values of ammonium concentrations,N2O saturations and emissions were(12.5±6.10)mg N.L-1,1760%±2620% and(363±548)μg N.m-2.h-1,respectively,which were observed in Nanfei River receiving urban wastewaters.We found N2O saturations from study rivers(except for the Nanfei River)were positively related to nitrate concentrations,demonstrating that rivers with increased nitrate levels can results in more N2O production.On the basis of the IPCC definition of "emission factor",the measured emission factor ranged from 0.05% to 0.87%,with an average of 0.2%,very close to IPCC given value of 0.25%.However,our study suggests that the revised "actual" emission factor with an average value of 0.1% is more appropriate instead of IPCC value.国家自然科学基金(20777073);国家自然科学基金(41076042);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所前沿探索项目(2012QY001

HIV-1 CAP2NC蛋白的表达及体外自组装

构建并表达HIV-1 CAP2NC蛋白,探索其体外自组装条件。通过PCR技术扩增HIV-1(NL4-3毒株)CAP2NC基因片段,并将其连接到原核表达载体pTO-T7,获得重组质粒pTO-T7-CAP2NC,然后转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,经疏水层析纯化后获得重组蛋白CAP2NC。SDS-PAGE结果表明,重组蛋白CAP2NC可在大肠杆菌可溶高效表达,经纯化后纯度约为95%。ELISA检测表明重组蛋白CAP2NC可被HIV-1衣壳蛋白特异性单克隆抗体识别,具有较好反应活性。重组蛋白透析后在非原性SDS-PAGE中呈现为多种聚体形式。分子筛排阻层析分析CAP2NC蛋白透析后可进行组装,负染电镜进一步观察显示CAP2NC蛋白在RNA存在条件下,可形成空心管状颗粒,其形态结构与HIV-1病毒衣壳体外自组装形成的类似。上述结果表明HIV-1 CAP2NC蛋白具有体外自组装的性质,为进一步在体外研究非成熟病毒样颗粒结构奠定基础。国家自然科学基金(Nos.81671645,81371818)资助~

Numerical Study on Tides in the Taiwan Strait and its Adjacent Areas

建立二维潮波模式,模拟了台湾海峡及其邻近海域(18~30°n,110~130°E)八个主要分潮(M2、S2、k1、O1、P1、Q1、k2、n2),并利用中国大陆及环台湾岛20多个潮位站的实测资料进行验证,计算结果与实测值吻合良好。此外,给出了八个主要分潮的同潮图,并逐个讨论了潮汐特征。结果显示:(1)台湾海峡中的潮波运动是北部蜕化了的旋转潮波系统和南部的前进潮波系统共同作用的结果。(2)半日分潮南、北两支潮波在台湾海峡中部汇合,而全日分潮则在台湾海峡南部海域汇合后继续朝西南方向传播。(3)半日分潮振幅最高值发生在福建省湄洲湾—兴化湾一带,全日分潮最高值则出现在雷州半岛以东一带近岸海域。(4)n2、k2和O1、P1、Q1分潮的振幅、迟角分布分别同M2与k1分潮的整体分布趋势相似。Diurnal and semi-diurnal tides in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas are calculated by using a two-dimensional finite-difference model.Compared with data of more than 20 observation stations around the Taiwan Strait,the model-produced results agree quite well with those of previous researches using observational data from coastal tidal gauge stations.According to the results,the co-tidal and co-range charts are given.Furthermore,the characteristics of 8 major tidal constituents have been illuminated respectively.The result shows that:(1) The tide motion can be attributed to the interaction between the degenerative rotary tidal system in the north and the progressive tidal system in the south.(2) The southward and northward tidal waves of semi-diurnal tide converge in the middle of the Taiwan Strait while the diurnal tidal waves propagate southwestward through the Taiwan Strait and the Luzon Strait.(3) The maximum amplitude of semi-diurnal tides exists at the area between the Meizhou Bay and Xinghua Bay,and that of diurnal tides appears in the region to the east of the Leizhou Peninsula.(4) The patterns of co-tidal and co-range charts of N2,K2 and P1,Q1 tidal constituents are similar to those of M2,S2 and K1,O1 tidal constituents,respectively.supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNos.40576015;40810069004and40821063;bythekeyresearchprojectofFujianProvinceundercontractNo.2004N203;bytheFujiandemonstratingregionofthe“863”ProjectoftheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyofChin