高血压及高血压合并糖尿病的患者血浆可溶性NRP-1与SOD浓度的变化

目的探讨高血压和高血压合并糖尿病患者血浆可溶性神经纤毛蛋白-1（NRP-1）的浓度与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。方法本横断面研究共纳入88人，分为对照组（n=26）、高血压组（n=31）和高血压合并糖尿病组（n=31）。人群血浆NRP-1的浓度和SOD活性应用酶联免疫吸附法测定，同时检测血糖、糖化血红蛋白A1C （GHbA1c）和血脂的变化情况。结果单纯高血压组血清总胆固醇（TC）和体质量指数（BMI）显著高于对照组（P<0.05），而高血压合并糖尿病组血清TC、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、BMI和腰围（WC）均显著高于对照组 （P<0.05）。单纯高血压组和高血压合并糖尿病组血浆NRP-1的浓度和SOD活性均低于对照组［NRP-1（ng/mL）：6.8（6.0~8.3）、5.2（4.0~6.8）vs 8.9（7.7~10.0）；SOD（U/mL）：157.1±18.6、145.1±31.4 vs 168.4±23.1，P<0.05］，而高血压合并糖尿病组与单纯高血压组比较血浆NRP-1的浓度和SOD活性更低，且差异也有统计学意义［NRP-1（ng/mL）：5.2（4.0~6.8）vs 6.8（6.0~8.3）；SOD（U/mL）： 145.1±31.4 vs 157.1±18.6，P<0.05］。对3组研究人群分别进行线性相关性分析发现，NRP-1与SOD之间均呈显著正相关（r= 0.539，0.660，0.895， P<0.05）。结论单纯高血压和高血压合并糖尿病患者血浆NRP-1的浓度均降低，而且高血压合并糖尿病患者血浆NRP-1的浓度降低更明显，NRP-1的浓度下降可能与SOD活性的下降有关

Solid-State Thin Film Li-Ion Batteries

通讯联系人 e-mail:[email protected]; [email protected][中文文摘]本文介绍了聚合物薄膜锂电池以及全固态无机薄膜锂电池,主要对全固态无机薄膜锂电池的发展过程以及其阴极材料、阳极材料、无机固态电解质的性能和制备技术进行了综述;同时介绍了全固态薄膜锂电池结构的研究,并提出了全固态薄膜锂电池现阶段研究存在的问题以及一些解决办法。[英文文摘]Thin film lithium batteries based on polymer electrolytes and solid-state inorganic electrolytes are introduced in this article.We mainly review the progress of the all-solid-state thin film lithium batteries based on inorganic electrolytes,including the preparation methods and the properties of the cathode materials,anode materials and solid-state inorganic electrolytes.The studies on constructions of the thin film lithium batteries are also presented.国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(No.2002CB211800);国家自然科学基金项目(No.20373058)资

Investigation of Microscale Lithium Ion Batteries and the Key Materials

Corresponding author e-mail:qfdong@ xmu. edu.cn[中文文摘]当前的微型低能耗电子设备以及微机电系统(MEMS)器件大都使用传统的体积较大的外接电源供能,这就限制了这些微型器件的发展和应用。通过设计集成微型电源并将其与这些微器件一体化,可构筑自主微器件系统。本文主要综述了本课题组开展的与微电子技术兼容的全固态微型锂离子电池的研究,包括LiCoO2正极薄膜材料、固态电解质-电极LiPON/LiCoO2界面的研究以及微型锂离子电池制备工艺等。[英文文摘]Most low-power electronic and microelectromechanical system(MEMS) devices designed today use conventionally macroscopic external power supplies.This places limits on the functionality of these microdevices in many applications.An alternative solution is to design power sources at a microscale,which can be integrated together with these microdevices on the same chips.We mainly review the work done in our group on developing and studying of solid state microscale lithium ion batteries compatible with microelectronics with respect to the material system employed，the solid state electrolyte-cathode interface，the batteries’microfabrication process and performance

Solid-state thin film li-ion batteries

Thin film lithium batteries based on polymer electrolytes and solid-state inorganic electrolytes are introduced in this article. We mainly review the progress of the all-solid-state thin film lithium batteries based on inorganic electrolytes, including the preparation methods and the properties of the cathode materials, anode materials and solid-state inorganic electrolytes. The studies on constructions of the thin film lithium batteries are also presented

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Linear instability of a supersonic boundary layer over a rotating cone

In this paper, we conduct a systematic study of the instability of a boundary layer over a rotating cone that is inserting into a supersonic stream with zero angle of attack. The base flow is obtained by solving the compressible boundary-layer equations using a marching scheme, whose accuracy is confirmed by comparing with the full Navier-Stokes solution. Setting the oncoming Mach number and the semi-apex angle to be 3 and 7 degrees, respectively, the instability characteristics for different rotating rates ((Omega) over bar, defined as the ratio of the rotating speed of the cone to the axial velocity) and Reynolds numbers (R) are revealed. For a rather weak rotation, (Omega) over bar << 1, only the modified Mack mode (MMM) exists, which is an extension of the supersonic Mack mode in a quasi-two-dimensional boundary layer to a rotation configuration. Further increase of (Omega) over bar leads to the appearance of a cross-flow mode (CFM), coexisting with the MMM but in the quasi-zero frequency band. The unstable zones of the MMM and CFM merge together, and so they are referred to as the type-I instability. When (Omega) over bar is increased to an O(1) level, an additional unstable zone emerges, which is referred to as the type-II instability to be distinguished from the aforementioned type-I instability. The type-II instability appears as a centrifugal mode (CM) when R is less than a certain value, but appears as a new CFM for higher Reynolds numbers. The unstable zone of the type-II CM enlarges as (Omega) over bar increases. The vortex structures of these types of instability modes are compared, and their large-R behaviours are also discussed

超声速旋转圆锥边界层的模态失稳

本文针对超声速来流条件下绕自身纵轴旋转的圆锥为研究对象,采用线性稳定性理论,系统地研究了边界层的模态失稳,揭示了旋转速度(Ω)以及雷诺数(R)对失稳特性的影响。通过求解边界层方程获得了基本流场,并与求解Naiver-Stokes得到的结果相符,证明了边界层方程解的可靠性。研究结果表明:当旋转速度非常小时(Ω<<1),仅存在被旋转修正的Mack模态,它是二维(轴对称)边界层中Mack模态向旋转圆锥边界层的拓展;逐渐增加Ω将导致横流模态的出现,其主要分布在零频附近,并与Mack模态处于同一个失稳区(这里将横流模态和Mack模态统称为模态-Ⅰ);当Ω增加到O(1),出现了一个新的失稳区域,被称为模态-Ⅱ。当R小于某一阈值,模态-Ⅱ展现出离心模态的特性;对于R很大的情况,模态-Ⅱ是另一支新的横流模态。增加Ω促进离心模态的失稳,并使其失稳区域扩大。此外,本文还比较了各类失稳模态的结构,并且讨论了各类模态的大雷诺数渐近行为

Effect of cone rotation on the nonlinear evolution of Mack modes in supersonic boundary layers

In this paper, we present a systematic study of the nonlinear evolution of the travelling Mack modes in a Mach 3 supersonic boundary layer over a rotating cone with a 7 degrees half-apex angle using the nonlinear parabolic stability equation (NPSE). To quantify the effect of cone rotation, six cases with different rotation rates are considered, and from the same streamwise position, a pair of oblique Mack modes with the same frequency but opposite circumferential wavenumbers are introduced as the initial perturbations for NPSE calculations. As the angular rotation rate Omega increases such that Omega($) over bar (defined as the ratio of the rotation speed of the cone to the streamwise velocity at the boundary-layer edge) varies from 0 to O(1), three distinguished nonlinear regimes appear, namely the oblique-mode breakdown, the generalised fundamental resonance and the centrifugal-instability-induced transition. For each regime, the mechanisms for the amplifications of the streak mode and the harmonic travelling waves are explained in detail, and the dominant role of the streak mode in triggering the breakdown of the laminar flow is particularly highlighted. Additionally, from the linear stability theory, the dominant travelling mode undergoes the greatest amplification for a moderate Omega, which, according to the e(N) transition-prediction method, indicates premature transition to turbulence. However, this is in contrast to the NPSE results, in which a delay of the transition onset is observed for a moderate Omega. Such a disagreement is attributed to the different nonlinear regimes appearing for different rotation rates. Therefore, the traditional transition-prediction method based on the linear instability should be carefully employed if multiple nonlinear regimes may appear

Principle of fundamental resonance in hypersonic boundary layers: an asymptotic viewpoint

The fundamental resonance (FR) in the nonlinear phase of the boundary-layer transition to turbulence appears when a dominant planar instability mode reaches a finite amplitude and the low-amplitude oblique travelling modes with the same frequency as the dominant mode, together with the stationary streak modes, undergo the strongest amplification among all the Fourier components. This regime may be the most efficient means to trigger the natural transition in hypersonic boundary layers. In this paper, we aim to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of the FR in the weakly nonlinear framework based on the large-Reynolds-number asymptotic technique. It is found that the FR is, in principle, a triad resonance among a dominant planar fundamental mode, a streak mode and an oblique mode. In the major part of the boundary layer, the nonlinear interaction of the fundamental mode and the streak mode seeds the growth of the oblique mode, whereas the interaction of the oblique mode and the fundamental mode drives the roll components (transverse and lateral velocity) of the streak mode, which leads to a stronger amplification of the streamwise component of the streak mode due to the lift-up mechanism. This asymptotic analysis clearly shows that the dimensionless growth rates of the streak and oblique modes are the same order of magnitude as the dimensionless amplitude of the fundamental mode ((is an element of) over bar (10)), and the amplitude of the streak mode is O((is an element of) over bar (-1)(10)) greater than that of the oblique mode. The main-layer solution of the streamwise velocity, spanwise velocity and temperature of both the streak and the oblique modes become singular as the wall is approached, and so a viscous wall layer appears underneath. The wall layer produces an outflux velocity to the main-layer solution, inclusion of which leads to an improved asymptotic theory whose accuracy is confirmed by comparing with the calculations of the nonlinear parabolised stability equations (NPSEs) at moderate Reynolds numbers and the secondary instability analysis (SIA) at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers

Receptivity of Mack modes to localized unsteady blowing and suction in a chemical non-equilibrium hypersonic boundary layer

This paper studies the local receptivity of the Mack-mode instability to localized unsteady blowing and suction (UBS) in a chemical non-equilibrium (CNE) hypersonic boundary layer. The five-species CNE model is employed, and the receptivity efficiency is formulated by use of the residual theorem. Compared with the results for the calorically perfect gas (CPG) model, we find that the real-gas effect enhances the receptivity efficiency remarkably in the majority of the second-mode frequency band, and the enhancement is mainly attributed to the modification of the base flow due to the CNE effect, which is akin to the cold-wall effect in hypersonic boundary layers. Combined with the destabilizing role of the CNE effect on the Mack second mode, it is concluded that the CNE effect would lead to a greater linearly accumulated perturbation amplitude, implying premature of transition to turbulence in a high-enthalpy hypersonic boundary layer subject to localized perturbations