Research on the Arts Major of University Entrance Examination in China

艺术类专业招生考试是高校招生考试的一种特殊形式，对我国艺术人才的选拔和文化艺术水平的提升意义重大。近年来，艺术类专业招生考试日益升温，成为社会热点，也成为高考改革的重点和难点。本文从历史和现实的双重视角考察高校艺术类专业招生考试的发展过程，总结现状、特点与问题，并进行理论分析与探讨，提出改革建议，以促进普通高校艺术类专业招生考试改革的进一步深化与发展。 本论文主要包括绪论和正文四章。绪论部分从本文的研究缘起和意义谈起，提出相关问题，分析研究现状，对有关概念进行界定，并阐明研究思路与研究方法。第一章，以历史发展为线索，对我国清末民初、民国时期以及建国以后高等艺术教育和艺术院校招生考试的发展历程...Abstract Art major entrance examination is a special form of college entrance examination, which is great significance for selecting artistic talents and upgrading the level of culture & art. In recent years, art major entrance examination is growing up, which becomes the hot spots of society, as well as the focus and difficulty of the reform of college entrance examination. This paper uses histo...学位：教育学硕士院系专业：教育研究院_教育史学号：2572006115276

Calcium Distribution in the Stigma and Germinating Pollen of Lycium barbarum

用焦锑酸钾沉淀法对宁夏枸杞柱头和花粉中的钙离子分布进行了研究.结果显示,宁夏枸杞柱头表皮有一覆盖层,其中有许多含钙沉淀颗粒的小泡,当花粉落到柱头后从覆盖层中吸水,在萌发孔的表面上聚集了较多的钙沉淀颗粒.同时,花粉内部出现许多含钙的小液泡,使花粉体积增大,内部产生膨压,花粉萌发;生长在覆盖层中的花粉管顶端穿过覆盖层小泡时,附近聚集了较多的钙沉淀颗粒,在花粉管壁上也附着较多的细小钙沉淀颗粒.萌发的花粉粒中由大液泡占据,在其亚顶端的细胞质中,聚集较多钙沉淀颗粒的线粒体膨大形成了一些含钙沉淀颗粒的小液泡,由这些小液泡融合形成的大液泡,将花粉管细胞质挤到其顶端,使其极性生长.这是首次发现在植物柱头覆盖层中有钙离子的现象,从体内证明了钙离子在花粉萌发过程中的现象.讨论了枸杞柱头组织中钙的分布和花粉管的萌发与生长的关系.The stigma of Lycium barbarum is wet type and some material to be secreted to the surface of stigma to form a layer of tectum at anthesis.There were many vesicles in the tectum and numerous calcium precipitated grana were accumulated in the tectum vesicles.When pollen grains landed onto the stigma they began to hydrate and form many small vacuoles in which some calcium precipitated grana located,which made a swelling pressure in pollen.During pollen germinating in the tectum,the pollen tubes often traversed tectum vesicles and displayed many calcium precipitated grana on the tube wall,suggesting it to absorb calcium of the tectum vesicles.In the base of pollen tube some mitochondria with calcium precipitated grana swelled to form small vacuoles which fused to form a large vacuole.The pollen tube cytoplasm was pushed into the top of tube to make sure directional growth.This is first time to report that stigma tectum containing rich calcium in flowering plants.The calcium distribution in the stigma and pollen germination and tube growth were also discussed.国家自然科学基金项目(30670126

Fas ligand and Anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibody induce tumor cell lines apoptosis

目的探讨FasL、Anti-DR5mAb对肿瘤细胞Hela、BGC823、MCF-7、L342、H9101、D6的杀伤作用及机制。方法采用RT-PCR、MTT比色法、电泳、DNA倍体分析、Westernblot等方法。结果H9101、Hela细胞株DR5mRNA水平有表达,D6细胞无表达;H9101、L342细胞株FasmRNA水平有表达,D6细胞无表达。H9101、L342细胞株对FasL、Anti-DR5mAb敏感并呈剂量依赖性;MCF-7、BGC823细胞株对FasL敏感,对Anti-DR5mAb相对敏感。Hela对FasL相对敏感,对Anti-DR5mAb敏感;D6对两种凋亡诱导剂耐受。结论FasL、Anti-DR5mAb能不同程度地诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,其机制与Fas、DR5、Caspase-8、Bcl-2的表达有关。 【英文摘要】 Objective:To study the cytotoxic effects on tumor cell lines Hela,BGC823,MCF-7,L342,H9101,D6 induced by Fas ligand and anti-human DR5 monoclonal antibodies(Anti-DR5 mAb) and the underlying mechanism.Methods:Fas/DR5 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Cytotoxicity exerted by FasL/Anti-DR5 mAb on tumor cell lines was measured by MTT colorimetry and the induced apoptosis was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.Results:The expression of DR5 on BGC823 and Hela cells were higher and DR5 didn’t express in D6. The ...厦门大学科研启动基金(No.Z03103)资

死亡受体5胞外区域的重组、表达及活性鉴定

目的构建死亡受体5(deathreceptor5,DR5)胞外区域(eDR5)的表达载体,表达纯化重组蛋白并鉴定其生物特性。方法通过重叠PCR获得DR5胞外段编码序列,构建pET-22b(+)/DR5表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,Ni2+柱亲和纯化,SDS-PAGE、直接ELISA鉴定纯化产物的纯度和特异性,用MTT法检测eDR5蛋白阻断DR5单克隆抗体FMU1.5和TRAIL诱导人胶质瘤细胞株U343(高表达DR5)、U373(低表达DR5)细胞凋亡的作用。结果获得了DR5胞外段编码序列,目的蛋白在上清及包涵体中都有表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上,纯化的重组蛋白纯度达95%以上,蛋白产量达9mg/ml。ELISA结果表明所纯化蛋白为eDR5。eDR5蛋白可部分阻断FMU1.5和TRAIL诱导人胶质瘤细胞株U343细胞凋亡的作用,其阻断率与DR5表达相关。结论死亡受体5胞外段基因的成功重组、表达及纯化,为进一步的功能研究奠定了基础

DNA Content and Cell Cycle Changes of Male and Female Gametes of Lycium barbarum L.

通讯作者(E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: 0592-2186486)[中文文摘]枸杞是二胞花粉植物。花粉在柱头上萌发后生殖细胞在花粉管中分裂形成精细胞。在花粉管中,精细胞开始合成DNA,随着花粉管生长,精细胞DNA含量持续增加。当花粉管在退化助细胞中破裂,释放出的2个精细胞DNA含量达到1.92倍(1.92C)。在开花当天,卵细胞已合成了约1/3DNA,并持续增加。开花后30h,卵细胞中的DNA含量达到1.63C。在受精前,卵细胞中的DNA含量达到1.83C。精、卵细胞融合后,合子DNA含量为3.53C。去雄排除花粉管影响后,已合成1/5DNA的过熟卵细胞停止合成,表明卵细胞持续合成DNA需要花粉管的刺激。枸杞雌、雄配子在融合前合成DNA,在细胞周期的G2期发生融合,属于G2类型。[英文文摘]The pollen of Lycium barbarum is bicellular and the generative cell divides to form two sperms in pollen tube after a pollen grain lands on a stigma and germinates a pollen tube.In pollen tubes,two sperms begin to synthesize DNA,and the content of DNA continues to increase.After pollen tubes reach degenerative synergid and break,the DNA content in two released sperms reaches 1.92 DNA(1.92C).On the day of anthesis,eggs have synthesized 1/3 DNA.At 30 h after anthesis,the DNA content in eggs reaches 1.63C.Before fertilization,eggs contain 1.83C. After fertilization, zygotes contain 3.53C. In emasculated fl owers, the eggs also synthesize 1/5 DNA, however, the synthesis stops without the stimulation of pollen tube. Before the fusion of male and female gametes of L. barbarum, both synthesize DNA and pass S phase of cell cycle, and fuse in G2 phase of cell cycle. Therefore, the fertilization of L. barbarum belongs to G2 type.国家自然科学基金(30670126和31170289);; 公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(200903016

Argument about Examination Reform in the Earlier Republic of China——An Analysis on the Education Journals

民国前期是中国考试制度变革的重要阶段,人们在众多的教育期刊上对教育考试制度的利弊存废等问题展开了激烈争论,在考试史上产生了一定影响。本文以民国前期《教育杂志》、《北京大学日刊》、《新教育评论》等具有较大影响的期刊杂志为研究对象,探析争论的起因和主要内容,对于认识考试的价值、引导考试的改革具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。The Republic of China is the important stage of China ex amination revolution.Many education journals began a fierce argument about educational examination system's advantages and disadvantages, existence and abolishment,which has significant influence on examinational history.Taking the examination journal in the republic China as research object,this article explored and analysed the argument's cause and major contents,which is of great theoretical significance and the practical value for examination resolution

Double Impact of the Complex about Confucianism and Imperial Examinations on the Development of Huizhou Merchants

明清时期,"贾而好儒"的徽商对儒学科举有着浓厚的情结。这种情结对于明清徽商的发展具有双重影响:一方面,儒学科举情结在徽商兴起和繁荣的过程中发挥着不可磨灭的作用;另一方面,徽商对于读书入仕、获取功名的过度渴望以及儒家思想中的某些消极的观念成为徽商向近代商人转型的绊脚石,加速了徽商的衰亡。论文结合大量的史料,分析了儒学科举情结对明清徽商的双重影响,从文化视角探讨了徽商兴衰的原因。During Ming and Qing dynasty, trading while favoring Confucianism is the characteristic of Huizhou merchants. They have a strong complex about Confucianism and imperial examinations, which imposes a double impact on the development of Huizhou merchants. On the one hand, the complex about Confucianism and imperial examination plays a vital role in the history of Huizhou Merchants; on the other hand, Hui Zhou merchants' overthirst of obtaining social status through study and some passive ideas of Confucianism hinder modern merchants’ further development, and thus fasten their decline. The essay analyses the double impact of the complex about Confucianism and imperial examinations on Huizhou merchants during Ming and Qing dynasty and discusses the reasons of Huizhou merchants’ decline from cultural point of view through lots of historical materials

The Relation between the Presidents of Chinese Civilian-run Universities and the Government in Modern Times

在中国近代高等教育发展史上,私立大学扮演着极为重要的角色。在办学条件方面与公立大学无法相比的情况下,私立大学能逐渐发展壮大,其校长的个人魅力毋庸置疑。私立大学校长与政府之间若即若离的关系,体现了自由知识分子与政府之间斗争与合作的关系。随着时代的不断发展,私立大学最后得以被政府承认与资助,将成为中国民办高等教育发展的一种趋势。In the development history of modern Chinese higher education,the civilian-run colleges and universities have played important roles.Under the school-running conditions that cannot compare with those of the state-run colleges and universities,the reason why the civilian-run ones can gradually develop and get strong,no doubt,is owing to the charm of their presidents.The neither friendship nor aloof relation between the presidents of civilian-run colleges and universities and the government embodies the struggle and cooperatives relation between the free intelligentsia and the government.With the continuous development of the time,it will be a kind of tendency for the development of Chinese civilian-run higher education that the civilian-run colleges are finally admitted and subsidized by the government.教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目(07JJD880236)成果之

The Multifunction of Self-taught Higher Examinations in the Public Times

在大众高等教育阶段,我国自学考试的教育功能与社会功能不断拓展,发挥以考促学、提高学历层次、规范技术技能鉴定、保障社会公平、促进社会和谐发展与社会流动等积极作用。与此相适应,高等教育自学考试的专业设置、课程组合、考试形式和考试标准也发生了一系列变化。In the process of the massification of high education,the educational and social functions of Self-taught examination expands continuously,play an active role in promoting learning,improving academic level,standardizing technical appraisal,ensuring social justice,cultivating the development of harmonious society and social flow.In conformity with this,there have been great changes in speciality arrangement,subjects combination as well as examination form and standards.福建省自考办课题“自学考试与高等教育大众化的关系研究”(闽教考研[2004]1号)的研究成果之一