门静脉和下腔静脉阻断与开放后门脉高压模型犬肺组织和肺动脉的病变特征

【目的】 观察门静脉和下腔静脉阻断与开放后门脉高压模型犬肺组织与肺动脉的病理学特点，从病理学角度初步探讨终末期肝硬化肝移植围术期急性肺高压和肺损伤的发生机制。【方法】 正常家犬18只，随机均分为阴性对照组（仅用于取肺组织和肺动脉标本）、对照组和门脉高压模型组（采用部分结扎门静脉的方法建立门脉高压症犬的模型并饲养12周），进行门静脉和肝后下腔静脉阻断与开放实验，在术毕后取右下肺动脉和肺组织，观察其病理形态学特征。【结果】 模型组与对照组肺组织在经历门静脉和肝后下腔静脉阻断与开放后均存在不同程度病理形态学改变，但以模型组改变更为显著。门脉高压症犬门脉高压犬肺小动脉密度、肺小动脉中膜厚度和血管壁面积/血管总面积（WA/TA）均显著大于阴性对照组和对照组；模型组的肺血管发生了以中膜增厚、动脉管壁肥厚为主要特征的血管重构现象。【结论】 模型组犬易发生急性肺高压及肺损伤的特殊的病理学改变与存在门脉高压密切相关

Expression and localization of galectin-1 during hair follicle development and hair cycle in mice(半乳糖凝集素1在小鼠毛囊发育、毛发周期中的表达与定位)

To investigate the role of galectin-1 (Gal-1) during hair follicle (HF) development and hair cycle in C57BL/6J mice, the molecular biology and histological techniques were used to analyze the expression and localization of Gal-1 during distinct stages of HF development and hair cycle. The results of real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) showed that the expression of Gal-1 varied in distinct stages of HF development. Expression of Gal-1 at 15.5 d of gestation (E15.5) was significantly greater than that in other embryonic stages. Moreover, as the HF of newborn mice developed, the expression level of Gal-1 gradually decreased. During the natural hair growth cycle, the expression of Gal-1 in telogen (P25) was significantly greater than that in anagen (P33) and catagen (P18). During the HF cycle of mice after synchronization, the expression of Gal-1 was high in the early anagen, decreased gradually with the growth of HF. When HF entered catagen and telogen, the expression of Gal-1 tended to increase. Immunohistochemical analysis results showed that Gal-1 protein was continuously expressed during HF development and hair cycle, but its protein localization changed dynamically. In conclusion, Gal-1 likely regulates murine HF morphogenesis and facilitates the telogen-to-anagen transition, thereby promoting HF regeneration.(为研究半乳糖凝集素1（galectin-1, Gal-1）在毛囊（hair follicle, HF）发育与毛发周期中的作用，本研究选取C57BL/6J小鼠为研究对象，采用分子生物学及组织学技术检测Gal-1在HF发育不同阶段及毛发周期中的表达与定位。实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应、蛋白质印迹法检测结果显示：Gal-1在HF发育不同阶段的表达量不同，在孕15.5 d（E15.5）的表达量显著高于孕鼠胚胎其他时期，且随着新生小鼠HF发育，Gal-1表达量逐渐降低。小鼠HF自然生长周期中，Gal-1在静止期（小鼠出生后第25天，记为P25）的表达量极显著高于生长期（P33）与退行期（P18）；在同步化后小鼠HF周期中，Gal-1在生长期前期高表达，但随着HF生长，其表达量逐渐降低，当HF进入退行期、静止期后，Gal-1表达量又呈上升趋势。免疫组织化学分析结果显示：Gal-1蛋白在HF发育及毛发周期中持续表达，但其蛋白质定位呈现动态变化。综上所述，Gal-1可能在小鼠HF生长发育中发挥作用，并诱导HF从静止期进入生长期，促进HF再生。