The structuring and safeguarding of the gentry's local hegemony——with special reference to the lawsuit to defend for Fengshui in Wuyuan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

发生在明清婺源的保龙诉讼,实质上是当地的士绅阶层在维护合邑公共利益的幌子下和开矿者对于地方公共资源的争夺,反映了士绅阶层建构和维护地方霸权的不懈努力。该事件说明,尽管拥有一定的社会地位和政治特权,士绅阶层的地方霸权仍然不断受到来自各方面的挑战;为了实现自身的地方霸权,士绅阶层不但重视本阶层的高度整合,还需积极寻求和利用政治资源、经济资源和文化资源。The lawsuit to defend for Fengshui(风水)which occurred in Wuyuan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties actually was a fighting for local public resources between the gentry and the man who went in for exploiting ore under the signboard to safeguard the public interest in the whole county,and reflected the fact that the gentry made great efforts to structure and safeguard the local hegemony.This event proved that the gentry's hegemony was always challenged by several facets although the gentry owned social class and political privilege,and that in order to bring about local hegemony,the gentry not only thought highly of the reorganizing of their own social stratum,but vigorously sought and fully utilized the political resources,economical resources and cultural resources as well

Official-gentry Relation and Local Politics of Wuyuan in Ming and Qing Dynasties:with Special Reference to Local Public Affairs

本文通过考察明清时期婺源的地方公共事务，探讨官僚与士绅在地方政治中的互动关系，揭示地方权力体系的演变趋势。全文共8章，约16万字。关于明清时期的地方政府与士绅阶层，国内外学者已有丰硕的研究成果，但以往的研究大多是分别研究地方政府和和士绅阶层，较少将二者置于同一历史现场进行研究。为此，本文从考察明清婺源的地方公共事务入手，分析官僚与士绅在地方政治中的互动关系，以期深化明清地方权力体系的认识。婺源虽僻处山陬，但商业发达，人文兴盛，具有悠久的儒学传统和完善的科举教育体系，士绅的数量在全国位居前列。明清时期，婺源五乡中以东乡和北乡的士绅势力最强，他们在地方权力体系中占据了主导地位。在明清婺源的地方公共...The dissertation observes the local public affairs of Wuyuan（婺源） in Ming and Qing dynasties, discusses the relation between the officials and gentry in local government, unveils the changing tendency of the local power system. The main body is in 8 chapters and consists of 160.000 words. About the local authority and gentry in Ming and Qing dynasties, there are plentiful achievements. But most ...学位：历史学博士院系专业：人文学院历史学系_中国近现代史学号：B20030202

公民参与:政策科学视角下的几点思考

文章对当前地方政府扩大公民参与的问题作了几点思考。在分析公民参与对于公共部门的作用时认为,公民参与有助于扩大政策制定主体的视野、有助于促进政策的执行、有助于促进国家机构管理民主化、有助于推进政治社会化的过程,并提出了当前增进公民参与值得关注的两个问题以及改善公民参与的三条基本路径

和谐社会建设背景下的红十字会功能定位——基于X市红十字会调查的思考

构建和谐社会为我国红十字会发展带来了前所未有的机遇与挑战。问题的关键在于红十字会能否根据和谐社会建设的需要进行角色调适,使功能定位更加准确合理。基于X市红十字会的调查,我们发现红十字会在服务功能上存在“大而全“、在传播功能上存在“散而浅“的问题,这淡化了红十字会的组织特色,并衍生出专业化水平不高以及社会认知度不够等问题。因此,在构建和谐社会背景下,红十字会需要进一步转变发展思路,从“大而全“走向“专而精“,充分发挥组织优势,打造核心竞争力,以获得可持续发展。厦门大学“211工程”三期建设项目“公共管理与公共政策”成果;得到X市红十字会资

公共服务水平与经济发展水平相适应机制建设的本土探索——厦门市的案例研究

本文是厦门市社会科学调研课题资助项目——“厦门建立公共服务水平与经济发展水平相适应机制的研究“课题报告(全文5万余字)的摘要。该研究报告对公共服务与经济发展二者之间的相关性及其影响程度进行理论分析与实证检验;利用“公共服务——经济发展动态均衡模型“,对“十二五“时期厦门市公共服务与经济发展的相关性做出预测;尝试构建公共服务水平与经济发展水平相适应的机制;从建设服务型政府、确立最优公共服务水平、明确公共服务合理支出以及保障公共服务有效供给等方面提出了关于厦门市公共服务水平与经济发展水平协调发展的对策思考。2011年度厦门市社会科学调研课题资助项目;厦门大学“985工程”-公共管理重点学科;厦门大学“211工程”三期-“公共政策与政府治理”建设项

The Yüeh-pao of Ran-ch′eng during the Ch′ing Dynasty

蚺城约保的持续时间长、组织建构严密。约正和保正的素质较高,他们广泛参与地方公共事务,在蚺城公共管理中发挥了重要作用。由于清代地方财政与政府职能演变,约保成为由蚺城富户承担的徭役。徭役化给蚺城约保带来极大的负面影响,亦给官府干预提供了正当理由,从而保证了约保的正常运转。蚺城约保在地方公共事务中有一定的话语权,也表现出一定的独立性和自主性,但他们和地方官的关系大致无法突破“官府-徭役”的框架。The duration of the Yüeh-pao of Ran-ch′eng was very long, and its organization built tightly. Yüeh-chengs and Pao-chengs whose character was fairly high extensively participated local public affairs,so they gave play to the important effect in the public management of Ran-ch′eng.Because of the evolution of local finance and government functions during the Ch′ing Dynasty, the Yüeh-pao became the corvee undertaken by rich families in Ran-ch′eng. The corveeization brought a negative influence to the Yüeh-pao of Ran-ch′eng, but provided a appropriate reason to the local government to intervene, thus guaranteed normal operation of the Yüeh-pao. When dealing with the local public affairs, Yüeh-chengs and Pao-chengs had a certain says power,and manifested a certain independence and freedom, but the relation between they and local officers probably could not break through the frame of "the local government——corvée"

RAPD Analysis of the Clustering Variation of Agarucus bisporus and Cloning of the Different DNA Fragment

通过双孢蘑菇正常菌株及其丛生变异菌株基因组DNA的RAPD研究,找到一个与双孢蘑菇丛生变异可能相关的DNA片段,将其克隆并测序.GenBank查询结果表明该片段可能的部分开放读框(ORF)与多种生物的二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶(DLDH)的部分氨基酸序列有较高的同源性,由此提出了一个双孢蘑菇丛生变异的分子机理假设.A DNA fragment possibly related to the clustering variation of A.bisporus was found by RAPD of the genomic DNA of healthy strains and their clustering variation ones, and it was cloned and sequenced. The results of GenBank searching suggested that the possible partial ORF of the fragment had a high homology with part of amino acids of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) from several organisms, so a molecular mechanism model for the clustering variation of A.bisporus was supposed.福建省自然科学基金(B0110032)资