Genome-wide scan reveals the molecular mechanisms of functional differentiation of Myotis lucifugus and Pteropus vampyrus

小棕蝠(MyOTIS luCIfuguS)和大狐蝠(PTErOPuS VAMPyruS)在生理和行为上有诸多差异,应被诉诸于分子水平并加以系统探讨。该研究对包括小棕蝠和大狐蝠在内的7个哺乳动物全基因组同源编码序列进行了高质量比对,使用比对序列进行了分别以两个蝙蝠枝为前景枝的全基因组水平选择压力分析,并对两种蝙蝠中的正选择基因进行了富集聚类分析。结果表明,在小棕蝠枝受到正选择的基因数高于大狐蝠枝;两种蝙蝠中独立受到正选择的基因富集于不同的功能类别;且正选择基因的富集差异与小棕蝠和大狐蝠在免疫、运动协调、能量代谢和感觉器官发育等关键生物学功能方面的分化大体吻合。The physiological and behavioral differences between Myotis lucifugus and Pteropus vampyrus should be attributed to molecular mechanisms and deserve intensive investigation.We conducted genome-wide scan for coding sequences from the orthologue genes of seven mammalian species.Selection analyses were carried out by setting the branches leading to Myotis lucifugus and Pteropus vampyrus as foreground branches, respectively.Enrichment analyses were conducted for positively selected genes.Our results indicated that more genes exhibited positive selection in Myotis lucifugus than that in Pteropus vampyrus.The positively selected genes of the two species were enriched in different functions.The differences between Myotis lucifugus and Pteropus vampyrus represented their differentiation in biological functions, especially the functions of immunity, motor ability, energetic metabolism and sensory organ development.国家自然科学基金(31172080;91231202

基于DDS技术的超声相控阵发射系统研究

超声相控阵技术应用于工业无损检测,结合ddS技术将更具优势。文中分析了频率合成技术ddS的基本原理与结构,利用可编程逻辑器件fPgA实现了ddS电路;通过超声相控阵发射原理,设计出了单通道超声相控发射系统,并进行了实验分析

同步荧光法同时测定苯甲酸和水杨酸的研究

根据苯甲酸与水杨酸在酸性条件下荧光光谱出现的差异，用同步荧光法同时测定其混合物中二组份。苯甲酸及水杨酸的检测限分别为０．２４μｇ／ｍＬ和０．２５μｇ／ｍＬ，相对标准偏差分别为１．３％和１．２％。方法用于商品杀菌防腐剂中苯甲酸与水杨酸的同时测定，结果满意。Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｅｖｉｄｅｎｔｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ，ｏｆｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｅｅｎｃｅｓｐｅｔｒａｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｅｎｚｏｉｃａｃｉｄａｎｄｓａｌｉｃｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄｉｎ１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬａｑｕｅｏｕｓＨ２ＳＯ４ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｅｗｍｅｔｈｏｄｈａｓｂｅｅｎｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｆｏｒｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｅｎｚｏｉｃａｃｉｄａｎｄｓａｌｉｃｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄｉｎｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｓｂｙｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓｆｌｏｕｒｉｍｅｔｒｙ．Ｔｈｅｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｌｉｍｉｔｓｏｆｂｅｎｚｏｉｃａｃｉｄａｎｄｓａｌｉｃｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄａｒｅ：０．２４μｇ／ｍＬａｎｄ０．２５μｇ／ｍＬ，ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｄｅｖｉ

Anticorrosion Properties of Modified Nano-TiO_2 Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

应用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍提拉技术在316l不锈钢表面分别制备TIO2纳米膜和 b-fE-CE改性的TIO2纳米膜. 采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(fE-SEM)、原子力显微镜(AfM)、拉曼光谱法和能量分散谱(EdS)对薄膜进行表征,通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和动电位阳极极化曲线的测试考察薄膜的耐蚀性及对不锈钢的保护性能. 结果表明:两种纳米薄膜均含锐钛矿型的TIO2纳米颗粒,纯TIO2纳米膜与改性后的纳米膜中颗粒直径分别约为15和10 nM. TIO2/316l不锈钢和 b-fE-CE-TIO2/316l不锈钢膜电极浸泡在0.5 MO.ll-1 nACl溶液后,后者的电化学反应电阻较大,动电位阳极极化曲线的稳定钝化区较宽,击穿电位更高,说明改性的纳米膜的耐蚀性及其保护性能更好.TiO2 and B-Fe-Ce-modified TiO2 films were synthesized on the surfaces of 316L stainless steel(316L SS) substrates using a sol-gel and dip-coating method.The properties of the films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy,atomic force microscopy,Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry.The corrosion resistance of the films and their ability to protect stainless steel were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization curves.Both TiO2 and B-Fe-Ce-modified TiO2 films were composed of anatase nanoparticles about 15 and 10 nm in diameter,respectively.Impedance spectra of the stainless steel substrates coated TiO2 films contained semicircles for capacitive reactance in 0.5 mol.L-1 NaCl solution,but the charge transfer resistance of the B-Fe-Ce-TiO2/316L SS electrode was higher than that of the TiO2/316L SS electrode.The potentiodynamic anodic polarization curve of the B-Fe-Ce-TiO2/316L SS electrode showed a larger stable passive region and a higher breakdown potential than the TiO2/316L SS electrode,indicating that the modified film had better corrosion resistance and protective properties for 316L SS.国家高技术研究发展计划项目(863)(2009AA03Z327);国家自然科学基金(21073151和21173177)资助---

闽南沿海木麻黄基干林带的防风效应

为深入认识沿海木麻黄基干林带内外风速变化规律和空间分布,从2006年11月到2007年3月在东山岛木麻黄基干林带内外多个测点进行了风速测定。结果表明:基干林带风速变化规律为:林内下降和林外上升的开口向上的抛物线状;风速空间分布为林带内下凹、林带后上升的平滑曲面,中间出现一些小的凸出或下凹的斑快。基干林带内等值线比较平直均匀,林带后比较弯曲且分布不均匀。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2

福建东山木麻黄基干林内的风速变化规律

从2006年11月到2007年3月在东山岛对不同发育阶段木麻黄基干林带内多个测点进行了风速测定,以探讨基干林带内部风速变化规律和空间分布。结果表明:木麻黄基干林带内风速呈逐渐下降趋势,各发育阶段林带内5h处风速小于2m/s,10h处低于1m/s。空间分布为平滑的下降曲面,局部有凸起和下凹。等值线比较平直和均匀,没有形成闭合区域。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2

Construction of genome BAC library for single Branchiostoma belcheri individual

隶属于头索动物亚门的文昌鱼是现存生物中最近似于脊椎动物亚门直接祖先的一个类群,具有重要的进化地位,是研究脊椎动物原始祖先的重要材料和模式动物。随着文昌鱼实验室连续繁殖的成功,全基因组测序成为中国文昌鱼模式化急需完成的工作之一。文章从单条雄性白氏文昌鱼精巢组织中提取高质量的基因组dnA,经ECOrⅠ限制性内切酶和ECOrⅠ甲基化酶酶切,脉冲场电泳选择合适酶切dnA片段,连接线性磷酸化的载体PCC1bAC,转化大肠杆菌EPI300 E.COlI,构建了含有44706个克隆的全基因组bAC(bACTErIAl ArTIfICIAl CHrOMOSOME)文库,该文库平均插入片段80kb,具有9倍的基因组覆盖率,基本能够满足功能基因等研究需要,为中国文昌鱼全基因组测序打下基础。As one of the closest living invertebrate relatives of vertebrates,amphioxus(subphylum Cephalochordata) occupies a key position in animal evolution and is becoming the best available proxy and model animal for studying the last common ancestor of all chordates,especially vertebrates.As long-term continuous culturing of amphioxus in laboratory became reliable,for pushing this animal to be a more successful model system,whole-genome sequencing of one or more species derived from this branch will be another urgent issue needed to address.In the present study,we described the construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC) library,using a single individual of Chinese amphioxus(Branchiostoma belcheri).High quality genomic DNA extracted from the spermary was partially digested with EcoRⅠand EcoRⅠmethylase.Desirable DNA fragments were isolated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE),ligated to linearized and phosphorylased carrier pCC1BAC,and then transformed to Escherichia coli EPI300.The constructed library consists of 44 706 clones with the average insert fragment size around 80 kb as estimated by PFGE.The representation of the library is about 9 equivalents to the amhioxus genome.These results indicate that the BAC library will be useful for functional genomic studies and facilitate the whole-genome sequencing of Chinese amphioxus.国家高技术研究发展计划项目(863计划)(编号:2008AA092602)资

木麻黄农田防护林的风速变化规律和空间分布

为探讨木麻黄农田防护林对风的作用规律和空间分布,从2006年11月到2007年3月在福建东山岛对三种不同发育阶段的木麻黄农田防护林进行了风速测定。结果表明:木麻黄农田防护林风速变化规律表现为开口向上的抛物线,从空旷地到林后10h呈下降趋势,10h后为上升趋势;空间分布为V字形,有部分凸起和下凹,等值线分布为疏密相间,有部分闭合区域。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2

不同生长发育阶段木麻黄海岸林的防风效应

为探讨海岸木麻黄林分的风速变化规律和空间分布,从2006年11月到2007年3月在福建东山岛测定了不同发育阶段木麻黄林分内外多点的风速。应用等值线图法进行分析,结果表明:木麻黄林分各测点风速呈开口向上的抛物线,从空旷地到林分内10h之间风速呈下降趋势,在10h之后风速呈增长趋势;空间分布呈向上的V形曲面,其中有部分凸出和下凹区域;等值线分布疏密相间,有部分闭合区域。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2

近海生态系统碳汇过程、调控机制及增汇模式

海洋是地球上最大的碳库,发挥着全球气候变化缓冲器的作用.蓝色碳汇,简称蓝碳,即由海洋生态系统捕获的碳(主要是有机碳),是海洋储碳的重要机制之一.; 蓝碳最初认识的形式是可见的海岸带植物固碳.其实之前没有得到足够重视的、看不见的微型生物(浮游植物、细菌、古菌、病毒、原生动物)占海洋生物量90%; 以上,是蓝碳的主要贡献者.中国陆架边缘海占国土总面积的1/3,碳汇潜力巨大,亟待研发.本文以近海生态系统碳汇过程、调控机制及增汇模式为主线,论述; 了近海生态系统结构与碳循环功能特征、碳汇形成过程与机理,并结合近海碳汇在沉积记录中的地史过程演变探讨了自然过程和人类活动对碳汇的可能影响,展望了; 碳汇工程在增加近海海洋储碳能力方面的应用前景.国家重大科学研究计划项目; 国家重点研发计划项目; 国家自然科学基金项目; 国家海洋局全球变化与海气相互作用专项项