超声辐射对几种海洋微藻的生长及脂肪酸组成的效应研究

本文设计了一个超声频率、超声时间、超声功率三因素的四水平正交表，对湛江等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻、海水小球藻、亚心形扁藻进行超声正交实验，以探索提高海洋微藻的生长速率、提高其脂肪酸不饱和度和不饱和脂肪酸占总脂百分含量的最佳超声条件。 海洋微藻脂肪酸分析测定采用廖启斌等1999年建立的毛细管气相色谱分析方法，该方法简便、快速，回收率高（95.1%～103.7%之间），重现性好（相对偏差0.52%～5.49%），检测限低（0.0072μg）。 结果表明，在最佳超声条件下，四种藻类的生长均得到明显的增长。由于不同藻类新陈代谢过程和在辐射场下自身调整过程各不相同，所以实验得出的最佳超声条件也各不相同。在...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋化学学号：19972700

Variations of water quality and environmental capacity in Xiamen western waters

由于厦门西海域独特的地理位置,周边城市规模扩大和经济发展,使得厦门西海域承受沉重的环境负载.本文根据厦门西海域功能特点,以及在对厦门西海域水质状况分析的基础上,分析了西海域对主要排海污染物的环境承载力.西海域无机氮和无机磷平均含量基本符合四类或超四类国家海水水质标准,西海域已无无机氮和无机磷承载能力;西海域化学耗氧量、重金属(铜、铅、镉、汞和砷)和油类还存在相当的承载能力.Xiamen western waters bears heavy environmental loads due to its unique geography position,the expanding of circumjacent city's scale and the development of the city economy.According to the functions of the western waters and based on the water quality analyses,this paper analyzes the environmental capacities of some pollutants.The average contents of DIN and DIP are in compliance with or worse than the class Ⅳ by the national sea water quality standard,so the environmental capacities of DIN and DIP has already been zeroed.However,there are still lower carrying capacities for COD,heavy metal(Cu,Pb,Cd,Hg and As) and oils.The investigation results may provide the data for the environmental management and the control of pollution.国家海洋局青年基金资助项目(2004607);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(Z0516051);; 国家科技项目(2004DIB3J084

Long-term changes in nutrient concentrations in western waters of Xiamen and its forecast model

经过对厦门西海域近20a营养盐含量的长期调查并对其变化趋势进行了研究,研究结果表明:2000年后,总无机氮含量平均值达0.54mg/dm3,为20世纪80年代平均含量的1.35倍;活性磷酸盐含量2000年后增加更为显著,平均含量高达0.051mg/dm3,为80年代平均含量的2.68倍;N/P比值也由原来的64降为24,营养盐含量的增高和N/P比值的变化是人类活动影响的直接结果.本文还根据进潮量方法估算水的交换速率,建立预测模型,以期对厦门西海域营养盐的变化趋势作出预测.Long-term changes in nutrient concentrations in western waters of Xiamen are studies based on the data over nearly 20 years.It concluded that the concentration of TIN had reached 0.54mg/dm3 since 2000,1.35 times as much as that of 80's.The concentration of DRP increased much rapidly than TIN,which climbed to 0.051mg/dm3,2.68 times as much as that of 80's.The changes are direct result of antropogenic interference.In this paper a forecast model is established to predict the changes of nutrient concentration.国家海洋局青年科学基金资助项目(2004608);; 国家科技基金资助项目(2004DIB3J084

A study on the changes of seawater eutrophication in Xiamen Bay

本文根据2003~2006年厦门湾水质调查资料,研究了水体中化学耗氧量(COD)、溶解态无机氮(D IN)和磷酸盐(PO43--P)的含量分布及该海域富营养化程度的变化趋势.结果表明,近4a来,厦门湾COD平均含量呈现下降趋势;而水体的D IN和PO43--P平均含量呈增加趋势.厦门湾水体中平均N/P大于16,主要表现为磷限制特征,而马銮湾海区则表现为"丰磷"状态.厦门湾水体富营养化指数由1.1增加至5.4,增加趋势明显.The distributions of COD,DIN,PO43——P and the developing trend of seawater eutrophication in Xiamen bay were studied based on the water quality data obtained from 2003 to 2006.The results show that in recent 4 years the average contents of COD decreased progressively,while the average contents of DIN and PO43——P increased.The average N/P ratio is bigger than 16 and hence the phytoplankton growth is P limited in Xiamen bay except for Maluan bay,where waters was N limited.The average eutrophication index increased from 1.1 to 5.4 in recent 4 years,which suggests that the eutrophication level in the bay had raised significantly.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(Z0516051);; 国家海洋局青年基金资助项目(2004607);; 国家科技项目(2004DIB3J084);; 福建省高校“海洋化学与应用技术”重点实验室开发课

Effect of ultrasonic radiation on unsaturation degree of fatty acids of Platymonas subcordiformis

本文设计了一个超声频率、超声功率和辐射时间三因素四水平的正交实验 ,研究超声辐射对亚心形扁藻 (Platymonassubcordiformis)的生物学效应 .结果表明 ,在适宜超声频率条件下 ,采用低功率、短时间超声辐照可以提高亚心形扁藻生长速率和脂肪酸不饱和度及主要不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量 .方差分析表明 ,在正交实验所确定的最佳超声条件下 ,亚心形扁藻的生长速率有明显提高 ,为对照组的 1 .99～ 2 .33倍 ;其脂肪酸不饱和度可达 78.8%～ 80 .9% ,与对照组相比可提高 3.5 %～ 5 .6 % ;C1 6∶4百分含量可达 1 6 .2 %～ 1 9.0 % ,比对照组提高了 3.4%～ 6 .2 % ;C1 8∶3百分含量可达 39.2 %～ 40 .8% ,比对照组提高了 1 .9%～ 3.5 % .In this study, a three factor and four level orthogonal experiment was designed to study the effect of ultrasonic radiation on Platymonas subcordiformis. The experiment results revealed that under the radiation of the optimum ultrasonic conditions . the growth rates of P.subcordiformis were enhanced obviously, the growth rate of P.subcordiformis could be 1.99～2.33 times of the controlled. The percentage of TUFA and individual major fatty acid raised obviously too, the percentage of TUFA of P. subcordiformis could be 78.8%～80.9%, 3.50%～5.60% more than that of the controlled ,the percentage of C16∶4 could be 16.2%～19.0%, 3.4%～ 6.2%. more than that of the controlled,the percentage of C18∶3 could be 39.2%～40.8%, 1.9%.～3.5%more than that of the controlled.国家自然科学基金!资助项目 (39870 5 6 5

Distribution Features of Oil in Water and Sediment in Fujian Shore

以福建省海洋污染基线调查所得近岸各水域水体沉积物中油含量数据为依据 ,对福建省沿岸水体与沉积物中油类的分布进行研究 .结果表明 ,调查期间 ,福建省沿岸水体油的含量范围为 5.77～ 37.2 8μg/ L平均值为 14.75μg/ L.丰水期油含量基本上小于枯水期 :而不论枯水或丰水期 ,以闽江口及九龙江口油含量最高 ,而近岸沉积物中油的含量变化范围为 14.4 8～ 784 .36μg/ L ,平均值为183.70 μg/ L沉积物中油含量与沉积物类型 (粒度 )有密切关系 .Distribution features of oil in water and sediment in Fujian shore are discussed according to the data got from the baseline research of the oil content in water and sediment in Fujian shore.The results show that:during the research time,oil content in the water is low;oil content in July is higher than that of in October,and highest in Mijian estuary and Jiulogn estuary in both time.Oil content in shore sediment is not beyond the standard,and is closely related to the types of the sediment.福建省海洋污染基线调查专项基金资

荒漠生物结皮中齿肋赤藓总RNA最佳提取方法的确立

目的:根据不同提取方法对提取荒漠齿肋赤藓总RNA质量的影响,寻找一种快速高效提取齿肋赤藓总RNA的方法。方法:采用改良RNAiso Reagent试剂法、RNAprep pure植物总RNA提取试剂盒法(TIANGEN)、皂土法分别提取采自新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮中齿肋赤藓的总RNA,用紫外分光光度计测定其浓度、纯度和产量,并通过RT-PCR进一步检测其质量。结果:三种方法均能提取出RNA,但质量差异较大。其中改良的RNAiso Reagent试剂法提取的RNA产量可达1298～1318μg/g,完整性好且纯度高,OD260/OD280值为1.86～1.92,且经济、操作简便,能有效抑制多酚物质氧化和次生代谢物质的影响,,适合用于进一步的RT-PCR反应。结论:改良的RNAisoReagent法经济且操作简便,提取的荒漠齿肋赤藓RNA完整性和纯度较高,可用于RT-PCR反应

Assessment of oil distribution features in sea area around Xiamen

本文根据 1 998年 7和 1 1月两个航次厦门邻近海区油类污染调查资料 ,对该海区的油含量分布特征进行了分析研究 .结果表明 :厦门邻近海区油类含量均在海水水质标准范围内 ,如含量较高的马銮湾内其油含量为 2 2 .2 5 μg/dm3,九龙江口 8号站为32 .1 6 μg/dm3,马銮湾外 6号站在 1 1月份为 37.2 8μg/dm3.厦门邻近海区的油类来源主要是由于码头和船舶排污造成的 ,并且与其环境条件直接相关 .The features of oil distribution in water of sea areas around Xiamen are discussed according to the water quality data surveyed in July and November 1998 . The results show that: the oil contents are all under the standard. The oil content in water of Juilongjiang Estuary is higher than the other sea areas around Xiamen and the oil concentration in water of Weitou Bay is the lowest.福建省海洋污染基线调查专项基

Biologic Effect of Ultrasonic Radioaitom on Marine Chlorella

设计了一个超声频率、超声功率和辐射时间三因素四水平的正交实验 ,研究超声辐射对海水小球藻的生物效应 .实验结果表明 ,在适宜超声频率条件下 ,采用低功率、短时间超声辐照可以提高海水小球藻生长速率和脂肪酸不饱和度及主要不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量 .方差分析表明 ,在正交实验所确定的最佳超声条件下 ,其生长速率常数 k× 10 0 ( h-1)可达 4 .65～ 5.67h-1,为对照组的 1.86～2 .2 6倍 ;其脂肪酸不饱和度可达 69.5%～ 74 .3% ,与对照组相比可提高 7.7%～ 12 .5% .In this study, a three factor and four level orthogonal experiment was designed to study the biologic effect of ultrasonic radiation on Marine Chlorella . The experiment results revealed that under the ultrasonic radiation conditions of the low power and short time, the growth rates of Marine Chlorella and the percentage of TUFA and individual major fatty acid were enhanced obviously, the result of variance analysis reveal that under the optimum ultrasonic radiation conditions the growth rate k ×100(h -1 ) of Marine Chlorella could be 4.65~5.67(h -1 ), a factor of 1.86~2.26 greater than that of the controlled. The percentage of TUFA of Marine Chlorella could be 69.5%~74.3%, 7.7%~12.5% more than that of the controlled.国家自然科学基金资助项目!( 39870 565

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ULTRASONIC RADIATION ON Chaetoceros muelleri

设计了一个超声频率、超声功率和辐射时间3因素4水平的正交实验 ,研究超声辐射对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应。实验结果表明 ,超声频率对牟氏角毛藻的生物效应显著 ,而超声功率和辐射时间的影响相对较小。在正交实验所确定的最佳超声辐射条件下 ,牟氏角毛藻生长速率常数最高可达0.348d-1,是对照组的1.78倍 ,其脂肪酸不饱和度最高可达68.4 %,比对照组提高5.2%,主要不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量均可得到不同程度的提高。A three-factor and four-level orthogonal experiment, composed of ultrasonic frequency, power and radiative duration, was designed to study the biological effect of ultrasonic radiation on Chaetoceros mulleri. The experimental results suggested that ultrasonic frequency had significant biological effect, and radiative duration and ultrasonic power had less influence on the alga. The maximum constant of growth rate of C. mulleri could be 0.348 d-1 which was greater than that of the controlled by a factor of 1.78, the maximum unsaturation could be 68.4%,an increase of 5.2% as compared with that of the controlled, and the percentages of major unsaturated fatty acids in TFA could increase more or less under the optimum ultrasonic condition deduced by the orthogonal experiment.国家自然科学基金资助项目39870565号;; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目C97006