社区矫正制度实施问题分析及对策研究——以湖北省为例

社区矫正是指通过适用各种非监禁性刑罚或刑罚替代措施,使罪犯得以留在社区中接受教育改造,以避免监禁刑可能带来的副作用,并充分利用社区资源参与犯罪矫正事业的一种罪犯处遇制度。我国社区矫正工作的开展已经取得了一定成绩,但是在制度认识深度、工作力度和人员配置等多方面还存在着较明显差距。各地应当根据省情特点,在部门关系协调等方面加大工作力度,将社区矫正工作全面推进到新的层面。湖北省法学会项目“湖北省社会化矫治与帮教管理制度研究”(项目编号:SFXH205);湖北经济学院青年基金项目“刑事案件分案并案审理研究”(项目编号:XJ201105

Studies on Energy of Casuarina equisetifolia Plantation on Degraded Coastal Sand

应用GR-3500型氧弹式热值仪测定福建沿海中部惠安县崇武林场1989年造的海岸沙地木麻黄人工林热值和能量现存量。结果表明:现存生物量为152·60t·hm-2,净生产力为10·17t·hm-2a-1,凋落物的年归还量为14·17t·hm-2a-1。木麻黄各组分干质量热值为19·26~20·53kJ·g-1,平均为19·70kJ·g-1,灰分含量为1·20%~11·92%,平均5·23%。整个林分能量现存量为2986·92GJ·hm-2,各组分的分布为干(43·30%)>根(24·10%)>枝(13·60%)>皮(10%)>小枝(6·60%)>枯枝(1·60%)>果(0·80%)。能量的归还量为294·56GJ·hm-2,净固定量为196·80GJ·hm-2,整个林分对林地有效太阳辐射能转化率为0·90%。木麻黄在东南沿海地区有较高的太阳能利用率和生长适应性,是很好的造林树种。By burning samples in a GR-3500 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter, the caloric values and the total amounts of energy of Casuarina equisetifolia plantation planted in 1989 were determined at Chongwu forestry centre of Hui'an county, central coastline of Fujian Province. The standing crop of biomass, net productivity and litter production of the C. equisetifolia plantation were 152.60 t·hm~ -2 , 10.17 and 14.17 t·hm~ -2 a~ -1 , respectively. The gross caloric values of various components varied from 19.26 kJ·g~ -1 to 20.53 kJ·g~ -1 , with the weighted average of 19.70 kJ·g~ -1 . Ash content ranged from 1.20% to 11.92%, and averaged 5.23%. Total amounts of energy of plantation was 2 986.92 GJ·hm~ -2 , the rank order of various components was stem (43.30%) > root (24.10%) > branch (13.60%) > bark (10%) > foliage (6.60%) > dead branch (1.60%) > fruit (0.80%). Energy return through litter and net energy fixation were 294.56 and 196.80 GJ·hm~ -2 , respectively. The energy conversion efficiency of the photosynthetic active radiation was 0.90% on the whole stand. These results demonstrated that C. equisetifolia is a good tree species for silviculture in east-south coastlines of China because of its high energy conversion efficiency and ecological adaptation.国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2002BA516A16-15)“海岸带防护林优化配置模式和可持续经营技术研究”

平潭石头厝民居建造技术研究

平潭石头厝聚落以其独特的风貌受到广泛的关注。尤其是其传统的建造工艺,蕴含着气候、材料、经济、文化等地域信息。文章通过走访平潭石头厝聚落,调查访问传统石头厝工匠,对石头厝的施工、材料和结构进行深入访谈和分析,进一步总结了平潭石头厝建造技术的特色。成果可为后期研究和更新改造提供参考资料。福建省自然科学基金青年项目,项目名称:基于时空间行为的乡村公共空间优化策略研究——以闽南侨乡村落为例,项目编号:2019J0500

Study on Dynamic of Casuarina equisetifolia Plantation Litter and Its Caloric Value on Coastal Sands

2002年11月至2003年10月在福建沿海中部惠安县崇武镇赤湖林场用收集筐法收集木麻黄凋落物,分析了凋落物各组分的归还量;应用GR-3500型氧弹式热值仪测定木麻黄凋落物的热值,并测定分析了凋落物各组分的灰分含量。结果表明:木麻黄人工林的凋落物归还量为14.18 t.hm-2.a-1,其中小枝占72.21%,枝条占23.41%,球果占2.68%,其余部分占1.69%。归还分布情况是:4—9月为归还高峰期,占总归还量的68.48%,其它月份占总归还量的31.52%。凋落物各组分灰分含量平均值顺序为:花(5.32%)>小枝(4.90%)>枝(4.69%)>球果(3.20%);凋落物干物质热值平均值顺序为:小枝>(21.11 kJ.g-1)>花(20.96 kJ.g-1)>球果(19.91 kJ.g-1)>枝条(19.89 kJ.g-1);凋落物去灰分热值的顺序为:小枝(22.19 kJ.g-1)>花(22.18 kJ.g-1)>枝条(20.87 kJ.g-1)>球果(20.63 kJ.g-1)。整个林分的能量归还量为294.55 G J.hm-2.a-1,其中小枝占主体,归还量为215.79 G J.hm-2.a-1,其次是枝条66.07 G J.hm-2.a-1,再次是果7.66 G J.hm-2.a-1,花最小5.02 G J.hm-2.a-1,各月的能流变化与凋落物生物量相似。By burning samples in a GR-3500 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter,the caloric value of Casurina equisetifolia litter collected by traps from Nov.2002 to Oct.2003 at Chihu forestry centre in Huian county in the middle of Fujian coast was analyzed,and the ash content and ash free caloric value of every components were tested.Result showed that Casuarina equisetifolia plantation litter was 14.18 t·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),foliage twig occupied 72.21% of total,branch,cone,flower were 23.41%,2.68%,1.69%,respectively.The monthly dynamic variance was that the fastigium was from April to September,occupied 68.48% of total litter,and that in the other months occupied 31.52%.The average ash content order of components were flower(5.32%)>foliage twig(4.90%)>twig(4.69%)>cone(3.20%).The average gross caloric value order of components were foliage twig(21.11 kJ·g~(-1))>flower(20.96 kJ·g~(-1))>cone(19.91 kJ·g~(-1))>twig(19.89 kJ·g~(-1)).The average ash free caloric value order were foliage twig(22.19 kJ·g~(-1))>flower(22.18 kJ·g~(-1))>twig(20.87 kJ·g~(-1))>cone(20.63 kJ·g~(-1)).The C.equisetifolia plantation had high returning energy in a year,the amount of total plant was 294.55 GJ·hm~(-2)·a~(-1).The distribution among the components are as follows: foliage twig was 215.79 GJ·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) while twig,cone,flower were 66.07 GJ·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),7.66 GJ·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),5.02 GJ·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),respectively,with same dynamic tendency as the litter biomass variance.国家“十五”科技攻关项目:“海岸带防护林优化配置模式和可持续经营技术研究”(2002BA516A16-15

Dynamic Caloric Value of Casuarina equisetifolia Litter Fall During Decomposition on Coast Sandy Land

采用氧弹式热值仪测定福建惠安滨海沙地木麻黄凋落物分解过程中的热值,揭示凋落物分解过程中干物质热值、去灰分热值、灰分含量的变化规律,结果表明:凋落物起始干物质热值为21.67kJ·g-1,经过3个月平缓下降后其值为21.40kJ·g-1,到第10个月干物质热值为20.48kJ·g-1,达到最低点,与起始值相差1.19kJ·g-1,随后干物质热值开始回升,第12个月的干物质热值为20.83kJ·g-1,年平均每月降低0.07kJ·g-1;去灰分热值与干物质热值有相同的变化趋势,从开始的22.78kJ·g-1,到第9个月的最小值21.89kJ·g-1,与起始值相差0.89kJ·g-1,随后的回升速度较干物质热值快,到第12个月时达22.41kJ·g-1,但是12个月总体平均每月降低0.03kJ·g-1;凋落物灰分含量的变化与热值呈相反的变化趋势,随着时间的延长灰分含量增加,但和热值一样反映了凋落物分解的规律,开始的灰分含量为4.88%,到3个月时为4.90%,随后进入线性增长的趋势,到第12个月时达7.09%,平均每月增加0.184个百分点。不论热值还是灰分含量与气温和不同层次土壤温度都显著相关,温度,特别是气温是影响凋落物分解的重要因素。The Casuarina equisetifolia litter decomposition experiment site locates at Huian county in Fujian province, south of China. Caloric value were tested by oxygenic bomb caloric-meter. The aim was to expose the law of gross caloric value, ash free caloric value and ash content of litter during decomposition. The result showed the dynamic of the gross caloric value, ash free caloric value and ash content of Casuarina equisetifolia litter during decomposing. The decomposation lasted for three months with the caloric 21.40 kJ·g -1, to which decreased from the beginning gross caloric 21.67 kJ·g -1. At the tenth month, the gross caloric value was decreased to rock bottom, 20.48 kJ·g -1, with the range 1.19 kJ·g -1 to the begin value. After ten months of decomposation, the gross caloric value began to increase, then gross caloric value increased to 20.83 kJ·g -1 at the twelfth month, while with average decreasing ratio 0.07 kJ·g -1 per month; As to ash free caloric value, which the beginning ash free caloric 22.78 kJ·g -1, decreased to nadir, 21.89 kJ·g -1 at the ninth month, with the range 0.89 kJ·g -1 to the begin value. Then it increased faster than gross caloric did, up to 22.41 kJ·g -1 at the twelfth month. While it had average decreasing ratio 0.03 kJ·g -1 per month; The ash content, which had the contrary tendency to caloric, increased with time go by. But as the gross caloric, they all reflected the law of litter decomposition. It increased slowly from 4.88% to 4.90% in the beginning three months, then increased sharply. At the twelfth month, the ash content was up to 7.09%,and with average increasing ratio 0.184 point of percentage per month, in twelve months. While both caloric and ash content related obviously with temperature and soil temperature, especial the air temperature, so temperature was an important factor effecting the litter decomposition.国家“十五”科技攻关项目:“海岸带防护林优化配置模式和可持续经营技术研究”(2002BA516A1615

沉默EC9706细胞NS基因对裸鼠移植瘤组织中EGF、EGFR基因表达的影响

目的建立裸鼠食管癌移植瘤模型,探讨由RNAi诱导的EC9706细胞核干细胞因子(nucleostemin,NS)基因沉默对裸鼠移植瘤组织中EGF、EGFR基因表达的影响。方法裸鼠15只,采用STATA 8.0编制随机化分组程序,均分为3组,分别皮下注入pRNAT-U6.1-siNS2转染的EC9706细胞(siRNA干预组),pRNAT-U6.1-siC转染的EC9706细胞(无关siRNA对照组)以及正常EC9706细胞(空白对照组),接种5周,观察移植瘤生长情况,应用免疫组织化学方法和原位杂交技术检测裸鼠移植瘤组织中NS、EGF、EGFR基因蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果无关siRNA对照组及空白对照组第4天于接种部位出现肉眼可见的肿块,siRNA干预组于第6天在相应部位发现肉眼可见肿块,第5周各组裸鼠成瘤率均为100%。siRNA干预组、无关siRNA对照组及空白对照组裸鼠移植瘤组织中NS、EGF、EGFR蛋白和mRNA的阳性表达率比较差异显著(P<0.05)。相对于无关siRNA对照组和空白对照组,siRNA干预组裸鼠肿瘤组织中NS蛋白及mRNA的阳性表达率均降低。结论 EC9706细胞沉默NS基因可降低裸鼠体内EGF、EGFR基因的表达

Effects of fertilization on Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings total phenolics and extractable condensed tannin contents.

研究了施用氮肥和磷肥对短枝木麻黄幼苗总酚(TOTAl PHEnOlICS,TP)和可溶性缩合单宁(EXTrACTAblE COndEnSEd TAnnIn,ECT)含量的影响,探讨短枝木麻黄单宁形成的养分效应.结果表明:施加氮肥使短枝木麻黄幼苗小枝的TP和ECT含量显著降低,支持碳氮平衡假说和生长分化平衡假说,但对氮含量没有显著影响,从而导致TP/n和ECT/n降低;施加磷肥对TP和ECT含量没有显著影响;随着处理时间的延长,短枝木麻黄幼苗小枝TP含量升高了9.91%~14.32%,而ECT含量降低了14.32%~298.88%;TP或ECT与有机物质含量的关系则相反,表明不同类型单宁的合成途径不同,但由于TP和ECT均与氮含量无显著相关性,故不支持蛋白质竞争模型;在贫瘠土壤条件下,TP/n和ECT/n的水平较高,有利于提高短枝木麻黄的防御水平,降低凋落物的分解率,减少养分损失,从而保持较高的生产力.This paper studied the effects of nitrogen-and phosphorus fertilization on the total phenolics(TP) and extractable condensed tannin(ECT) contents in the branchlets of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings,aimed to approach the nutrient effect on tannin production.Under nitrogen fertilization,the TP and ECT contents decreased significantly,which supported the hypotheses of carbon-nitrogen balance(CNB) and growth-differentiation balance(GDB),but the plant nitrogen content had less change,resulting in the decrease of TP/N and ECT/N ratios.Phosphorus fertilization had no significant effects on the TP and ECT production.With prolonged treatment time,the TP content in the branchlets of C.equisetifolia seedlings increased by 9.91%-14.32%,but the ECT content decreased by 14.32%-298.88%.The TP and ECT had opposite relationships with organic matters content,showing that different types of tannin had different biosynthetic pathways.However,both TP and ECT had no significant correlation with nitrogen content,and thus,the protein competition model(PCM) was not supported.Under nutrient-poor condition,the TP/N and ECT/N ratios were relatively high,which would be beneficial for the improvement of defense ability,the decrease of litter decomposition ratio and nutrient loss,and the maintenance of high productivity of C.equisetifolia plantations.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室和福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室项目资

基于DDS技术的超声相控阵发射系统研究

超声相控阵技术应用于工业无损检测,结合ddS技术将更具优势。文中分析了频率合成技术ddS的基本原理与结构,利用可编程逻辑器件fPgA实现了ddS电路;通过超声相控阵发射原理,设计出了单通道超声相控发射系统,并进行了实验分析

Effect of Ferric Citrate on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Micro-arc Oxidation Black Film on Mg-alloy AZ40M

利用二次微弧氧化法在AZ40M镁合金表面成功制备了黑色的氧化膜层,通过SEM、EDS和XRD表征了膜层的微观形貌和成分组成。结果表明,柠檬酸铁添; 加剂浓度可显著影响镁合金表面氧化膜的形貌、组成和厚度,添加剂浓度越高,膜层中的铁氧化物含量也越高,而对膜层厚度的影响则没有呈现出明显规律。同时,; 测试了0.1 mol/L; NaCl溶液中的电化学阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线,结果显示镁合金表面黑色膜层具有较好的耐蚀性,且膜层越厚,铁含量越少,膜层的耐蚀性越好。Black oxide films on Mg-alloy AZ40M were prepared by means of a two-step; micro-arc oxidation process in electrolytes of 15 g/L Na_3PO_4+ 3 g/L; NaF+5.6 g/L KOH and 20 g/L Na_3PO_4+5 g/L NaF with different additions; of ferric citrate respectively. The microstructure and composition of; the films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM),; energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray diffractometer (XRD). The; electrochemical corrosion property of the films was assessed by using; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic; polarization curves in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution. Results showed that the; concentration of ferric citrate strongly affects the surface morphology,; composition and thickness of the formed oxide films. The oxide films; have good corrosion resistance. The thicker oxide film with less iron; content presents better corrosion resistance.国家自然科学基

Study on Biomass and Energy of Main Species Plantation on the Coast Sandy in the South East of China

应用GR-3500型氧弹式热值仪测定了福建省东山县赤山林场木麻黄林、厚荚相思林和湿地松林的能量现存量,结果表明:木麻黄林现存生物量为156.82 t/hm2,各组分热值(总能量与总生物量的比值)处于19.84~21.70 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.26 kJ/g,能量现存量为3 177.95 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量38.09%,果的能量最小占总量0.77%;厚荚相思林现存生物量为149.51 t/hm2,各组分干重热值为19.98~23.48 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.59 kJ/g,能量现存量3 079.16 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量57.67%,果的能量最小占总量3.06%;湿地松林现存生物量142.22 t/hm2,各组分干重热值处于20.53~21.54 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为21.00 kJ/g,能量现存量为2 986.28 GJ/hm2,其中干的能量最大占总量35.08%,枯枝的最小。3树种林分具有较高的现存生物量、能量现存量、各组分热值和整体平均热值,体现出较高的太阳能利用率。可见从热值与生物量的角度看,木麻黄、厚荚相思和湿地松是海岸沙地造林的良好树种。By burning samples in a GR-3500 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter,the caloric values of plant samples were tested and then calculated the total amounts of energy of Casuarina equisetifolia plantation,Pinus elliottii plantation and Acasia crassicarpa plantation at Chishan forestry centre in Dong shan county Fujian province.The results were showed as follows: The standing biomass and energy were 156.82 t/hm2 and 3 177.95 GJ/hm2 in C.equisetifolia plantation,and the gross caloric values were between 19.84 kJ/g and 21.70 kJ/g,with total average 20.26 kJ/g(The ratio of total energy to total biomass).The energy distribution among components were: trunk occupied 38.09% of total,the largest ratio of components,while fruit on the other hand,was 0.77%;While in the A.crassicarpa plant,the standing biomass and energy were 149.51 t/hm2 and 3 079.16 GJ/hm2,respectively.The caloric were from 19.98 kJ/g to 23.48 kJ/g with total average 20.59 kJ/g.The components energy structure were as follows: Truck occupied 57.67% of total,while dead branch only 3.06% in the other side.In the P.elliottii plantation,standing biomass was 142.22 t/hm2.Caloricvalue of components range from 20.53 kJ/g to 21.54 kJ/g,with total average 21.00 kJ/g.While standing energy was 2 986.28 GJ/hm2.From all the above,three species of plantation with higher standing biomass,standing energy,high caloric values of components and total average values,showed that they had higher ratio of solar energy utilization.So C.equisetifolia,A.crassicarpa and P.elliottii were very suitable species to coastal sandy cultivation.国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2002BA516A16-15