Studies on DNA fingerprint of genuine Chinese herbs Alisma orientalis by RAPD

目的　为了探讨道地药材与非道地药材之间遗传变异的大小 ,并建立道地药材的品质鉴定方法。方法　运用了随机扩增多态 DNA( RAPD)技术 ,对福建、江西、四川产的泽泻科植物泽泻 Alisma orientalis进行了研究。结果　同种异地药材所形成的不同的居群 ,具有不同的遗传特征。结论　 RAPD技术可作为鉴别道地药材的参考方法。Object To research genovariations between genuine Chinese herbs and non genuine ones and to develop a valuable tool used in identification of the Chinese herb.Methods RAPD technique was applied in studies on the samples of Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep. from different area in Fujian, Sichuan and Jiangxi provinces.Results The DNA fingerprints of genuine and non genuine Chinese herbs were compared and it was suggested that the herbal populations growing in different area in above three provinces had different genus characteristics.Conclusion RAPD technique is a valuable tool for identification of genuine Chinese herbs.厦门市卫生局医学科学技术进步基金科研资助项

Identification of Colorants in Food by Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Wavelet-based Reverse Search

使用金纳米粒子为增强因子的表面增强拉曼光谱技术,通过连续小波变换将拉曼光谱信号转化到小波空间(墨西哥帽小波作为小波基)。该步骤能够减轻信号中基线; 变化及随机噪音的影响并找到峰位置和最佳小波尺度系数。依据小波空间中的信息,对混合物光谱及标准谱光谱进行反向搜索得到反向搜索匹配系数(Revere; match quality,; RMQ),作为判断混合物中目标成分是否存在的依据。该算法可对混合物中的目标物质进行准确定性,并已成功应用于多种食品中色素鉴定。食品中色素的检出率; 达到99%,且结果稳健,其效果明显优于传统的命中质量系数法(Hit quality index,; HQI)。这证实了小波空间反向搜索方法是一种快速而准确的拉曼光谱定性算法。In this study, a gold nanocrystal colloid was used as the enhancement; factor for surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Raman spectra were; transformed by continuous wavelet transform (CWT),and Mexican hat; wavelet were chosen as the wavelet basis. This procedure could be used; to alleviate the influence of baseline variations and random noise,and; find peak positions and the best scale wavelet coefficients of signal.; Reverse search method was proposed to compare the spectrum of an unknown; sample with a spectrum of standard using the information in wavelet; space. Reverse match quality (RMQ) could be obtained automatically to; determine whether a substance is present. It was used to identify; colorants in a variety of food successfully. The colorants could be; identified with 99 percent accuracy. It shows a better performance; compared with traditional hit quality index (HQI). The study confirmed; that the wavelet-based reverse search is feasible and accurate in; qualitative analysis.国家自然科学基金资助项目; 国家重大科学仪器设备开发专

Spatial distribution and correlation of environmental factors andchlorophyll a concentrations in the Bohai Sea during the summer of 2013

通过对2013年7月渤海海域26个站点温度、盐度、营养盐及叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度的空间分布特征及其相关性进行了分析,发现:受渤海水深和夏季陆源河流输入影响,近岸水域表现出明显的高温、低盐与高营养盐特征,且垂直变化特征不显著;在水深较深的辽东湾湾口和渤海海峡,海水呈现明显的层化现象,表层水温高于中底层,而表层盐度与营养盐浓度则低于中底层。营养盐结构分析表明,渤海夏季磷酸盐浓度存在显著的绝对与相对限制,而受河流输入影响,硅酸盐的相对限制得到显著缓解。表层Chl a浓度的高值区位于滦河及复州河河口附近海区,中层与底层的高值区则出现在滦河与黄河口附近。Chl a浓度与环境因子的相关性分析表明,盐度..

CH_4-CO_2重整制合成气Ni基催化剂的失活研究

ＣＨ４－ＣＯ２重整制合成气反应（ＭＣＲ）中导致Ｎｉ基催化剂失活的主要原因可能有二：一是助剂组份碳酸化生成稳定碳酸盐物种毒化了反应活性位；二是笼状（包括石墨态和无定型态）炭的沉积覆盖了催化剂表面。ＭＣＲ反应中炭的沉积主要有两种形式：一是以须状形式进行堆集，二是以笼状形式覆盖于催化剂表面，前者对于催化剂活性的保持似无明显影响，后者则是导致催化剂失活的主要原因之一

低温催化裂解烷烃法制备碳纳米管

低温催化裂解烷烃法制备碳纳米管陈萍，王培峰，林国栋，张鸿斌，蔡启瑞（厦门大学化学系固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，厦门，３６１００５）关键词碳纳米管，催化裂解，甲烷碳纳米管的制备与研究是国际上新材料领域的探索热点［１］．由于具有纳米级的管径，碳纳米管..

促进型甲酸甲酯氢解制甲醇铜基催化剂的研究

研制开发了一种耐ＣＯ低温高效四组分（Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｎｉ）改进铜铬催化剂，其原料合成气中ＣＯ允许含量可高达１３Ｖ％；在常压，４１３Ｋ，原料气Ｈ２／ＭＦ＝４／１（ｖ／ｖ），流速为１８００ｍＬ／ｈｇｃａｔａｌ．的反应条件下，ＭＦ转化率高达９９．８％，甲醇选择性为９９．９％（在相同反应条件下二组分的Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ催化剂上ＭＦ转化率仅为７３．１％，甲醇选择性为９８．０％），当向原料气中添加１３．１Ｖ％ＣＯ时，ＭＦ转化率仍可以稳定达到９５．９％，甲醇选择性为９６．３％．实验结果表明，ＣＯ导致催化剂失活的重要原因之一是ＣＯ导致Ｃｕ＋深度还原为Ｃｕ０，减少催化剂的活性中

Studies of catalysis in partial oxidation of methane to syngas(II) - Chemisorbed species, energetics and mechanism

The characteristic study, by means of in-situ IR spectroscopy, Of chemisorbed species on the Ni-catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas demonstrated the existence of CHx(a) and HxCO (a) adspecies on the functioning Ni-catalysts. Several designed experimental investigations on the reactivities of methane with CO2 and with O-2, respectively, over the Ni-catalysts, and of CO2 with the prereduced Ni-catalyst, as well as of the deposited carbon with CO2 and with O-2, respectively, have been carried out and the results were unfavorable to the two-step mechanistic interpretation proposed for the POM reaction. By means of the BOC-MP Approach, energetics of a set of elementary reactions, which may be involved in the POM process, on the clean (111) surface of Ni, Fe, Cu and Pd, respectively, has been studied. The results of the experiments and the calculation of the present work favor the direct catalytic dissociation-plus-surface oxidation-plus-further dehydrogenation mechanism as the dominant pathway making major contribution to the POM reaction

Developing fast laboratory screening platform for sulfate dioxide in food by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的指纹图谱的高能量分辨率,以位于~630; cm~(-1)亚硫酸根的特征峰为定性和定量依据,本文开展了食品中滥用和非法添加二氧化硫的直接检测研究:一种检测流程实现了不同食品基质中二氧化硫的; 高灵敏检测,最低检出浓度达1 mg; kg~(-1)的水平.针对实际样本的传统蒸馏法前处理流程的一些不足以及SERS检测的指纹图谱优势,本文进行了三方面显著改进:; (1)碳酸钙和沸石取代氮气以提高二氧化硫的挥发提取效率; (2)草酸取代盐酸酸化蒸馏溶液,以有效避免挥发性强酸对操作环境的危害;; (3)氢氧化钠溶液代替乙酸铅溶液作为吸收液,以防止二次污染.环境友好、灵敏度高和不受基质干扰等特点使得本方法有望取代经典蒸馏法和比色法,用于食品; 中非法添加二氧化硫类添加剂的快速高效筛查.The direct detection of sulphur dioxide has been realized in various; food matrixes with high sensitivity and high selectivity, on the basis; of the integration of the high energy resolution of the finger-print; spectrum of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and the universal but; easy-on-going pretreatment procedure. The characteristic peak of sulphur; dioxide at ~630 cm~(-1) was applied as the qualitative and quantitative; standard, which displayed a lowest detectable concentration at the 1 mg; kg~(-1) level for the spiked food samples. The key point of the high; sensitivity and selectivity is the effective pretreatment born out of; the standard distillation one, which has been improved in the three; parts. (1) Using CaCO_3 and Zeolite instead of N_2 gas as the bubbling; reagent. (2) Using oxalic acid as the acidic distillation solution to; eliminate the hazards from acid volatilization, such as hydrochloric; acid. (3) Using diluted sodium hydroxide solution as the absorption; reagent instead of lead acetate solution to avoid the secondary; pollution. With the three distinguished advantages of environment; friendly, high sensitivity and free of matrix interference, the proposed; method has great potential to replace the traditional ones for the fast; screening of the illegal or abused sulphur dioxide in food.国家自然科学基金; 福建省高校产学合作项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资

化学模拟生物固氮——Ⅸ 铁钼辅基模型化合物的合成和性能表征

本文曾在全国化学摸拟生物固氮协作组领导小组扩大会议(昆明,1980,8)上宣读。[中文文摘]采用乙二醇基阴离子作为活插头(可通过水解除去的双配位螯形配位体),对前文提出的合成方法作了重要改进,以期所合成的铁钼辅基模型化合物中Mo~(Ⅳ(Ⅲ))第一配位界内两个不稳定的配位体处于相邻的位置,如厦门模型Ⅲ(或厦门模型Ⅱ)所要求。合成和重组活性评价结果,重组活性比使用乙腈等为活插头的提高2个数量级,化学催化活性和选择性接近于天然FeMo-co水平。[英文文摘]A significant improvement has been made to the method previously proposed[3] for synthesizing FeMo-co modeling compounds. With the use of ethylene glycolate anion as labilizable blocking agent (hydrolyzable bidentatc chelating ligand)to protect two neighboring coordination sites in the first coordination sphere of MoIV(III) of the synthesized FeMo-co modeling compound, an increase in reconstituted-nitrogenase activity of 2 orders of magnitude of the sample synthesized (as compared with the use of acetoni-trile or other monodentare ligands as bloeking agents)has been obtained.Catalytic activity and selectivity assays as well as preliminary characterization by EPR method have also been made

溶菌酶1在小鼠超数排卵前后孵化及休眠囊胚中差异表达的研究

目的研究溶菌酶1(lysozyme 1,LYZ1)基因在超数排卵前后小鼠孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎中的分布以及表达,探究动物胚胎着床过程中新的调节机制。方法从妊娠5 d ICR小鼠体内获取的正常孵化囊胚和超排囊胚,利用小鼠延迟着床模型于妊娠第8天获取休眠胚胎和超排休眠胚胎。利用免疫荧光和Western Blot方法检测LYZ1蛋白在四组胚胎中的分布和差异表达变化。结果 LYZ1在超数排卵前、后小鼠孵化囊胚和休眠胚胎中均有表达,且主要集中在内细胞团中,滋养层细胞和胞质中少见分布;与未进行超排的小鼠相比,LYZ1蛋白在超排后小鼠胚胎中表达量显著上调,与未营造休眠模型的小鼠相比,LYZ1蛋白在休眠模型小鼠胚胎中的表达量显著上调。结论 LYZ1蛋白在囊胚内细胞团中表达,可能参与调节胚胎内细胞团的发育;LYZ1蛋白在超排-休眠胚胎中的高表达,说明LYZ1蛋白在休眠和超数排卵的双重影响下,会因为抵御不利环境而上调。2016年度科技创新服务能力建设-科技计划重点项目(KZ201610020018);;2018科技创新服务能力建设(KZ201610020018)~