The Th cell subsets analysis of syphilis patients and mechanism of Treponema pallidum infection

梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体引起的性传播疾病。梅毒螺旋体可侵入人体各个组织器官，引起各种临床表现。目前机体对梅毒螺旋体的免疫机制尚不清楚。本课题分别从体内和体外实验分析梅毒螺旋体引起的初始Th细胞分化，初步探讨梅毒螺旋体细胞免疫机制。我们分析32例梅毒患者外周血辅助性T细胞（Th）亚群含量变化；通过兔皮内接种模型，分析梅毒螺旋体感染后局部炎症反应中IFN-γ和IL-4mRNA的表达随时间变化情况。体内研究发现梅毒螺旋体感染后细胞免疫应答在人外周血和兔皮损中IFN-γ含量明显升高，Th1型细胞增多。为了更好的从体外实验研究梅毒免疫机制，本文通过GM-CSF和IL-4诱导人单核细胞来源的树突状细胞。研究发现...Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal pathogen Treponema pallidum. It has plagued both thepatient and the physician with its protean clinical manifestations.That the immune mechanism of Treponema pallidum is uncertain causes the diagnostic dilemmas of syphilis. In this study, we analysed the Treponema pallidum-induced cellular response, and preliminarily discussed the ...学位：医学硕士院系专业：医学院_临床检验诊断学学号：2452013115349

Study of Problems in Chinese Criminal Rewards

这几年，我国公安机关鉴于破案线索难找、人员流动大、经费人员紧张等原因，在解决社会治安热点、难点问题，尤其是重大的刑事疑难案件时，为提高效率、节约成本，也在越来越广泛地运用悬赏方式作为对传统刑事侦查手段的补充，并取得了骄人的成绩。但非常遗憾的是，虽然我国在实践中经常使用刑事悬赏侦破案件，但对刑事悬赏认识不充分，重视也不够，理论研究不深入，有关这方面的文献资料更是奇缺，刑事悬赏在我国还没有形成一个比较完整的制度体系。为了更好地发挥刑事悬赏这一侦查措施的强大效力，减少实践中产生的纠纷，有必要对完善我国的刑事悬赏制度作一番深入的探讨，因此本文就此提出一些具体构想，以期能够推动我国的刑事悬赏制度的完善和...In view of the difficulties caused by ambiguous detection clues, frequent movement of personnel and staffing and funding shortages in solving public security problems, especially in solving gross criminal cases, the public security organs of China take more and more extensive use of reward as a means to supplement the traditional means of criminal investigation, for efficiency enhancement and cost...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：X200612008

Research on Private Copying Problem in Network Environment －Centering on Article 42 of the second Draft Revision of Copyright Law(2012)

伴随着新技术的不断突破和发展，世界各国都面临着新技术对著作权合理使用问题的冲击。技术的变迁和法律观念的不断发展，都促使著作权权利内容制度的变更。数字时代的到来打破了传统技术条件下的利益平衡局面，新技术的发展带来合理使用规则的变化。应对网络环境的挑战，我国采取了积极的措施来加强保护知识产权的力度。其中《著作权法》修改草案（2012）在诸多方面都进行了修改，更加注重保护文学、艺术和科学作品作者的正当权益。 本文一共分为四部分：第一部分是着重就该草案第42条为中心对网络环境下私人复制的问题进行分析研究。本文运用比较法律分析方法，结合国外对私人复制行为相关规定进行比较借鉴，提出该草案第42条就私人复...With the new technology breakthroughs and development, the countries of the world are facing the impact of new technologies on Fair Use of Copyright. The development of technology and the renewal of legal concept have all contributed to the renewal of Copyright which about the content of rights and obligations. The balance of interests under the traditional technology had broken with the arrival o...学位：法律硕士院系专业：知识产权研究院_法律硕士(JM)学号：3252010115346

The Analysis of TT in TCSL Intensive Reading Class For the Beginners

语言是教师的职业工具，教师的语言能力是其从事教育工作的首要条件。教育学家苏霍姆林斯基就曾说：“教师的语言修养在的极大程度上决定着学生在课堂上脑力劳动的效率”[1]。因此，“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，作为教师，必须锤炼自己的语言。尤其在以目的语授课的前提下，教师语言“关系到能否成功地执行教学计划，同时也成为学生所能获得的可理解输入的主要来源，直接影响到他们的目的语习得”[2]。换而言之，教师话语的优劣会对语言教学的质量产生影响，甚至决定课堂教学的成败。 本文对教师话语进行分析研究，它包括课堂组织用语、讲授用语、反馈用语以及中英文切换。本文通过对对外汉语综合课课堂上的教师话语的观察和分析，提出了...Teacher talk (TT) is not only a main method with which teachers communicate with their students in class, but also a key means to control the behavior of the students. A Russian educationist ever mentioned that the quality of TT, to a great extent, determines the efficiency of students’ mental work in class. Just as the proverb goes, a workman must sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well, t...学位：文学硕士院系专业：人文学院中文系_语言学及应用语言学学号：2005130002

The Study on competitive Strength of China International E-commerce

上个世纪末，互联网的出现一方面创造了一个以信息交换为媒介的商务模式，另一方面又催生了国际电子商务这一新型国际贸易运行机制。国际电子商务给国际贸易带来了崭新的运作模式，其提高贸易效益，最终改善了全球的资源配置，正在逐渐成为21世纪的主流国际贸易方式和世界经济的重要增长点。 传统的国际贸易理论认为一国的竞争优势取决于天然的生产资源要素，因此一国获得国际贸易利益的关键在于静态的比较优势。而在当前国际电子商务时代下，催生了信息经济，信息已经成为最重要的生产要素。国际贸易的竞争核心内容彻底改变了，一国在国际贸易中的竞争优势更多地取决于信息竞争优势所带来的生产资源要素后天配置能力。因此，在国际电子商务...In the late last century,a new business mode is created by internet in which the information functions as the intermediary; international e-commerce shows as a brand new trade mechanism. A new operation mode emerges in international trade by e-commerce, which improves the efficiency of trade and resource allocation. It is e-commerce that becomes to the major mode of international trade and the gro...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院国际贸易系_国际贸易学学号：X200614501

Study on Channel Governance in Closed-loop Supply Chains

渠道是闭环供应链中各个结点递送商品的通道，闭环供应链中通过分销渠道使得产品从供应商递送到最终消费者手中，再由逆向渠道将EOL（endoflife）的产品进行回收。闭环供应链是一个十分复杂系统，大量存在的不确定性使系统的脆弱性增加，除了通常的供应与需求不确定性，还表现为复杂性程度高、渠道不确定性增大、优化目标放大，内在供求失衡、外部性影响增大等。特别地，由于渠道中的各个成员属于不同的经济体，各个渠道成员的利益取向有所不同，必然产生渠道冲突。各种不同类型的渠道冲突必然引起供应链的脆弱性，渠道的脆弱性将会引起供应链的断裂，并影响其有效运作。渠道治理的目的是化解渠道冲突，降低供应链中的脆弱性因素，使得...Channels is the delivery channels in the closed-loop supply chains, products in closed-loop supply chains are delivered from the suppliers to the final consumers through the distribution channels, and then EOL (end of life) products are recycled through reverse channels. The closed-loop supply chains are very complicated systems, the uncertainty makes system vulnerability to increase. In the close...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：管理学院管理科学系_管理科学与工程学号：2005130125

基于空间治理的国土空间规划强制性内容思考——从城市总体规划强制性内容实效谈起

在城市快速发展时期,城市总体规划强制性内容作为加强宏观调控的空间治理工具应运而生,强化了国家对地方发展的战略引领与底线管控,加强了上级对下级政府的监督约束,但在空间治理中也出现\"越位\"\"缺位\"\"错位\"等问题。文章在对城市总体规划强制性内容进行辨析及实效评价的基础上,结合空间治理现代化下国土空间规划强制性内容的发展导向,创新国土空间规划强制性内容的要素构成与管控方式,提出建立强制性内容的空间分解—专项规划传导的实施机制,建立事权对应—多方参与的监测评估机制。国家自然科学基金资助项目(51508485);;\n福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2016J01262

Distribution Channels Governance of Auto-mobile Supply Chain

分析了中国目前汽车供应链分销渠道存在的问题,并提出了一些合理的治理策略。运用合作博弈理论,引入资金信用管理与激励机制来解决供应链的利益再分配问题,使汽车供应链中的分销渠道能够有效运作。Some kinds of the distribution channels of auto-mobile in China at present are discussed in this paper,and the phenomenon of the distribution channel of auto-mobile in China are analyzed,then some frangible factors are found.Using cooperative game theory,credit management and channel incentives are used to solve the frangibility factors of supply chain,then to govern the process of distribution in auto-mobile supply chain.The aim of governance is to improve the robustness of auto-mobile supply chain,and to make the distribution channels operate efficiently.2006年福建省新世纪人才计划项目支

Platinum-nickel alloy excavated nano-multipods with hexagonal close-packed structure and superior activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction

铂镍合金在氢析出(HER)、氧还原(ORR)等重要能量转化反应中具有优异催化性质，受到了人们广泛的关注。近日，谢兆雄教授课题组通过简单的溶剂热方法，首次合成出六方晶系的铂镍合金枝状纳米晶，其中每个枝杈结构由六个{11-20}高能晶面裸露的超薄纳米片组装而成。与面心立方晶系铂镍合金相比，亚稳态的六方晶系铂镍合金在HER反应中表现出更加优异的性质。当电流密度为10 mA·cm-2时，其过电位仅有65 mV，同时质量电流密度高达3.03 mA·µgPt-1 (-70 m V vs. RHE)，是目前为止报道的HER催化剂中质量活性最高的，其突出的催化性能主要来源于晶相作用(同质异晶)及大的比表面积。该项工作为发展高催化性能的铂基合金纳米晶提供了新的研究思路。该研究是在谢兆雄教授和蒋亚琪副教授指导下，与傅钢教授共同合作完成。实验部分由博士生曹振明（第一作者）、陈巧丽、沈守宇、卢邦安，硕士生李慧齐以及博士后张嘉伟共同完成，理论计算部分由傅钢教授课题组完成。【Abstract】Crystal phase regulations may endow materials with enhanced or new functionalities. However, syntheses of noble metal-based allomorphic nanomaterials are extremely difficult, and only a few successful examples have been found. Herein, we report the discovery of hexagonal close-packed Pt–Ni alloy, despite the fact that Pt–Ni alloys are typically crystallized in face-centred cubic structures. The hexagonal close-packed Pt–Ni alloy nano-multipods are synthesized via a facile one-pot solvothermal route, where the branches of nano-multipods take the shape of excavated hexagonal prisms assembled by six nanosheets of 2.5nm thickness. The hexagonal close-packed Pt–Ni excavated nano-multipods exhibit superior catalytic property towards the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte. The overpotential is only 65mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode at a current density of 10 mAcm-2 , and the mass current density reaches 3.03mA µgPt-1 at -70mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which outperforms currently reported catalysts to the best of our knowledge.This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2015CB932301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 21333008, 21603178 and J1030415) and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No. 2014J01058). 该研究工作得到科技部（批准号：2015CB932301）、国家自然科学基金委（批准号：21333008, 21603178 和 J1030415）和福建省自然科学基金委（No. 2014J01058）的大力资助与支持