Truing Error Analysis of Arc Wheel in Optical Aspheric Grinding

针对光学非球面磨削加工中对圆弧砂轮修整精度要求比较高的特点,采用gC杯形砂轮修整器对圆弧砂轮进行修整,并分析杯形砂轮修整器几何误差和原理误差。在此基础上,讨论了各种误差对圆弧砂轮的修整及对非球面加工的影响程度,确定修整器定位倾斜误差是影响圆弧砂轮修整的主要因素,特别是对圆弧半径的影响。针对定位倾斜误差因素进行了砂轮修整实验,结果表明定位倾斜情况下拟合的圆弧半径残差较大且残差分布与理论分析一致。非球面加工实验显示定位倾斜情况下的工件面形误差分布情况与理论分析一致。修整器调正后再次进行加工,结果呈现不同的面形误差分布且误差减小了,验证了定位倾斜误差对非球面加工的影响。Aimed at high accurate truing of arc wheel in optical aspheric grinding,a GC cup truer was adopted for the arc wheel truing,and the truer's geometric error and principle error were analyzed.The effects of all errors on the arc wheel truing and optical aspheric grinding were discussed.It was found that the positioning tilt error was the main error in the arc wheel truing.Truing experiment results show that the residual error of fitting radius is bigger and its distribution coincides with theoretical analysis.The optical work-piece surface error distribution is also similar to theoretical analysis in the aspheric grinding.After anti-tilting,the experiment results show that the surface error distribution is changed and the surface accuracy is improved.国家自然科学基金项目(51075343); 国家科技重大基金专项(2011ZX04004-061

Movement Modeling and Control of Precession Mechanism for Bonnet Tool Polishing Large Aixsymmetrical Aspheric Lenses

研究大口径轴对称非球面气囊抛光进动运动建模及控制。分析气囊抛光机构及大口径轴对称非球面抛光进动工艺特点,确定以气囊自转轴线与气囊交点为研究对象,以气囊球心为原点建立气囊进动基础坐标系,根据大口径轴对称非球面连续进动抛光中各抛光点气囊自转轴与局部法线夹角值(即进动角)不变的原理,在分析每个抛光点时建立与其对应的坐标系,得到抛光该点时气囊自转轴与气囊交点在该点对应坐标系中的值,而后进行坐标变换,将抛光任意点时气囊自转轴线与气囊交点的位置换算至气囊进动基础坐标系中;根据大口径轴对称非球面方程、加工控制模型及前述的坐标变换运算结果,利用矩阵变换得到大口径轴对称非球面抛光的进动运动模型;在上述的运动模型中加入最有效率控制算法后进行运动学仿真,得到大口径轴对称非球面抛光的进动运动曲线,并通过仿真气囊自转轴线跟随加工点法线变化的趋势及比较仿真进动角与实际进动角验证所建立运动模型及控制算法的正确性。Movement modeling and control for bonnet tool polishing large axisymmetrical aspheric lenses is present.The intersection point of the spin axis and the bonnet is selected to be object,after analyzing the structure of bonnet tool and process feature of large axisymmetrical aspheric lenses polishing;a base coordinate is set up with the centre of bonnet to be its origin point.As the included angle of the spin axis of bonnet tool and the local normal is fixed in continuous precession polishing,a corresponding coordinate is set up to get the position parameters of the intersection point of the spin axis and the bonnet when polishing a random point,the position parameters of the intersection point of the spin axis and the bonnet in base coordinate are got according to space coordinate conversion;Movement model is obtained by space matrix transformation,based on the surface equation of large axisymmetrix aspheric lenses,processing control model and the position parameters got in last step;Finally,most efficiency algorithm is added to the movement model,and precession motion curve is got by simulation.The correctness of movement model and control algorithm is confirmed through simulating the trend of spin axis of bonnet follows the local normal and comparing the simulated value of precession angle with the actual value of precession angle.国家自然科学基金(51075343);厦门市科技计划(3502Z20113007)资

A modified ecological footprint analysis to a sub-national area:the case study of Zhejiang Province

在全球公顷和国家公顷的模型基础上,建立了省公顷生态足迹模型。采用2005年浙江省平均土地单位产量核算了浙江省各地的生态足迹,并与全球公顷和国家公顷法的结果进行了比较分析。从省公顷模型的结果可以看出,浙江省生态足迹达1.18 S-nHM2/人(省公顷,记为:S-nHM2),而生物承载力只有0.24 S-nHM2/人,生态赤字达0.94 S-nHM2/人,生态压力指数达4.91,是典型的生态赤字地区。另外,浙江省各地生态足迹空间差异较大,与全省平均水平相比,舟山和温州处于高强度生态压力,宁波、杭州、台州、金华和绍兴处于中强度生态压力,而丽水、衢州、湖州和嘉兴处于低强度生态压力。最后借助IPAT的分析,发现杭州、金华、嘉兴、湖州和衢州等地的万元gdP占用足迹不同程度地高于全省平均水平,并指出在一定条件下,应结合当地的经济发展程度合理提升资源利用效率的技术水平。The ecological footprint model on the basis of sub-national hectare was presented in this paper according to the ecological footprint concept and model on the basis of global hectare or national hectare.The ecological footprint and its composition of each city in Zhejiang Province were evaluated and analyzed by using the modified model and the actual yield per unit area of Zhejiang in 2005.The results were compared with those which were evaluated in global hectare or national hectare method,and the differences were analyzed among them.When using sub-national hectare as the evaluation criterion,the ecological footprint,the ecological capacity and the ecological deficit of Zhejiang Province in 2005 would be 1.18s-nhm2/cap,0.24s-nhm2/cap and 0.94s-nhm2/cap respectively,and the ecological pressure index was 4.91.The results suggest that Zhejiang Province is a representative area that has a large ecological deficit and high ecological pressure.They also suggested that there was a significant spatial difference according to the ecological footprint and its composition among the cities of Zhejiang.Compared with the average level of city ecological footprint in Zhejiang Province,Lishui,Quzhou,Huzhou and Jiaxing were in low ecological pressure states,and Ningbo,Hangzhou,Taizhou,Jinhua and Shaoxing were in middle ecological pressure states,while Zhoushan and Wenzhou were in high ecological pressure states.In the end,by applying IPAT,more eco-footprint demand of 104yuan GDP was found in Hangzhou,Jinhua,Jiaxing,Huzhou and Quzhou,which have a higher level than the average of Zhejiang,and suggestions were proposed that the level of local economic development must be considered to promote resource use efficiency.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40471055

Control Techniques of Bonnet Polishing for Free-form Optical Lenses with Precession

针对自由曲面光学元件的加工特点,研究气囊抛光自由曲面光学元件进动运动控制技术,用于求出气囊工具进动过程中两虚拟轴的转角,实现对气囊自转轴空间位置的控制。以气囊自转轴为研究对象,由于自由曲面光学元件上每个点的法线三维坐标都不相同且气囊进动抛光过程中气囊自转轴与工件加工点局部法线夹角不变,提出建立基坐标系和抛光点对应三维空间坐标系的方法,得到抛光过程中气囊自转轴的空间位置变化情况,而后利用旋转坐标变换得到气囊抛光进动运动控制模型;在所建立的自由曲面光学元件气囊抛光进动运动控制模型中加入控制算法,求出抛光自由曲面光学元件各点时气囊工具两个虚拟旋转轴的转角。利用MATlAb对自由曲面光学元件不同方向截面进行仿真抛光试验,得到自由曲面各方向上气囊抛光进动运动曲线以及仿真进动角曲线,结果证明了自由曲面光学元件气囊抛光进动运动控制模型及控制算法的正确性。Control techniques of bonnet polishing free-form optical lenses with 'precession' is studied,according to the processing characters of free-form optical lenses,to figure out the rotating angles of two virtual axes of bonnet tool,which lead to the controllability of spin axis of bonnet tool.The spin axis of bonnet tool is taken as the object,due to the difference of the local normal of each polishing point and the angle between the spin axis of bonnet tool and local normal is keeping constant in polishing process,a method about how to set up basic coordinate and corresponding coordinate of polishing point is proposed,aiming to get the positions of spin axis of bonnet tool in polishing process,by which a movement model can be obtained by combining with rotating coordinate transformation;Then control algorithm is added to the movement model,and rotating angles of two virtual axes of bonnet tool when polishing each point on free-form optical lenses are calculated.At the end,simulations in polishing different directions of free-form optical lens in Matlab are carried out,to get the curves of precession control and the simulated precession angles,the results reveal that the movement model and control algorithm presented are both correct.国家自然科学基金(51075343); 厦门市科技计划(3502Z20113007)资助项

抗人DR5单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及活性分析

目的制备抗人DR5单克隆抗体(mAb),鉴定其特性,并进行生物学活性分析。方法以纯化的可溶性DR5(sDR5)免疫Balb/c小鼠,杂交瘤技术制备抗人DR5mAb;运用ELISA、SDS-PAGE电泳方法测定抗DR5mAb与sDR5结合的特性;Ig亚类ELISA试剂盒鉴定抗DR5mAb亚类;间接ELISA法检测腹水mAb效价;流式细胞仪检测肿瘤细胞表面DR5的表达水平;流式细胞仪检测抗DR5单克隆抗体(mAb)诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的功能。结果获得1株可分泌抗DR5mAb的杂交瘤细胞系R150。SDS-PAGE电泳检测证实,获得的R150可特异性地识别DR5;R150的Ig亚类为IgGI(λ型);腹水效价为1×106;通过流式细胞仪可敏感地检测到肿瘤细胞表面DR5的表达水平及R150诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡情况。结论获得1株可分泌抗DR5mAb的细胞系R150,抗体具有效价高、特异性强等特点并能有效诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,具有较好的应用价值

Concentration Protile of Etchant Measured by Microelectrode Technique in the Process of Chemical Micromachining

利用微圆盘电极技术,测定了KBr、L-胱氨酸和硫酸组成的刻蚀溶液体系中Pt电极表面电化学氧化产生的刻蚀剂Br2浓度分布,为约束刻蚀剂层技术(CELT)中刻蚀体系的选择和优化提供更直观的依据.GaAs表面CELT微加工实验证明了用微圆盘电极测得的表面刻蚀剂的浓度分布趋势与微加工实验所得到的结果一致.A carbon-disk microelectrode was used to investigate the surface concentration profile of etchant Br2, which was electrogenerated on the Pt working electrode. The steady state reducing currents of Br2 at different distances away from the Pt electode was measured. The concentration profile was estimated from the current-distance variation curves as a function of different sampling times. Experimentally determined concentration profiles are in good agreement with those estimated from the microetching results. The microelectrode technique has offered a good method to choose suitable etching solution for chemical micromachining.国家高新技术发展规划(863项目)(2002AA404170);; 福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(E0520001

Diatom diet selectivity by early post-larval abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta under hatchery conditions

Benthic diatoms constitute the primary diet of abalone during their early stages of development.To evaluate the dietary preferences of early post-larval abalone,Haliotis diversicolor supertexta,we analyzed the gut contents of post-larvae that settled on diatom films.We compared the abundance and species diversity of diatom assemblages in the gut to those of the epiphytic diatom assemblages on the attachment films,and identified 40 benthic diatom species in the gut contents of post-larvae 12 to 24 d after settlement.The most abundant taxa in the gut contents were Navicula spp.,Amphora copulate,and Amphora coffeaeformis.Navicula spp.accounted for 64.0% of the cell density.In the attachment films,we identified 110 diatom species belonging to 38 genera.Pennate diatoms were the dominant members including the species Amphiprora alata,Cocconeis placentula var.euglypta,Cylindrotheca closterium,Navicula sp.2,and A.coffeaeformis.Nano-diatoms(<20 μm in length) accounted for a considerable proportion of the total species..

疏血通抑制Bim依赖的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡

目的探究疏血通及其主要成分水蛭素对Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠小脑颗粒神经元（CGNs）凋亡的影响及机制。方法体外成熟7 d的CGNs分为存活对照组（用含K+浓度为25 mmol/L的培养基，即25 K组）、凋亡组（用含K+浓度为5 mmol/L的培养基，即5 K组）、以1/50、1/40、1/30、1/20、1/10浓度（稀释50、40、30、20、10倍）疏血通注射液处理组（25 K以及5 K合并疏血通处理组）以及对应不同浓度（2 U/mL、2.5 U/mL、3.34 U/mL、5 U/mL、10 U/mL）水蛭素处理组（25 K以及5 K合并水蛭素处理组），用Hoechst染色法观察并统计凋亡率。在蛋白印迹实验中，在25 K和5 K条件下用1/50、1/10浓度疏血通注射液以及对应2 U/mL、10 U/mL浓度水蛭素处理细胞，用Western blot法检测Cleaved Caspase-3、Bim、VEGF的表达水平。结果核染色结果显示，与25 K存活对照组比较，5 K凋亡组凋亡率增加；与25 K存活对照组比较，不同浓度疏血通注射液与水蛭素处理细胞后凋亡率无明显变化；与5 K凋亡组比较，不同浓度疏血通注射液与水蛭素处理细胞后凋亡率下降，且随着浓度的升高，凋亡率下降越明显。Western blot结果显示，与5 K凋亡组比较，不同浓度疏血通与水蛭素处理细胞后Cleaved Caspase-3、Bim蛋白表达水平均下降，VEGF蛋白表达水平升高。结论疏血通及其主要成分水蛭素通过抑制Bim表达，进而抑制线粒体依赖的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡

锂离子电池三元层状氧化物正极材料失效模式分析

镍钴锰三元层状氧化物(NCM)正极材料由于其优越的综合性能在动力/储能电池系统(ESS)领域得到广泛应用。虽然Ni含量的增加可提高三元材料的比容量及电池的能量密度,但相关电池体系的容量保持率和安全性将会变差。如何有效解决该矛盾是此类NCM电池所面临的关键问题。本文从NCM电池体系循环过程中常见的体相结构破坏和正极-电解液界面组成改变两方面失效现象出发,结合近年来国内外对NCM失效模式研究中所提出的新理论、方法、应用,从机械破坏、结构演变、电化学极化、化学副反应、正负极协同效应等多个角度对NCM材料的衰退机理提出见解,对指导电池用户合理制定充放电协议、缓解电动汽车(EV)里程焦虑乃至材料设计本身均有重要的指导及借鉴意义。国家重点研发计划资助（2018YFB0104400,2018YFB0905400

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)