Succession of phytoplankton community in exalted shrimp ponds during culture process

通过对湛江东海岛北寮村和庵里村各2个高位虾池养殖过程的浮游植物演替和主要理化因子进行调查,研究浮游植物群落的演替过程对高位虾池的健康养殖的影响。结果表明:4池共检出浮游植物7门76属140种;对虾生长正常的北寮高位虾池演替优势种主要有螺旋环沟藻、椭圆扁胞藻、海链藻、湖泊束球藻密胞变种、裸甲藻、卵囊藻、微囊藻、锥形斯克里普藻、色球藻和尖尾蓝隐藻等,而对虾发病的庵里高位虾池演替优势种主要有铜绿微囊藻、柔弱布纹藻、咖啡形双眉藻、小席藻、卷曲鱼腥藻、水生集胞藻、衣藻、尖尾蓝隐藻和螺旋环沟藻等,北寮正常虾池浮游植物种类(包括优势种)较对虾发病的庵里虾池多而复杂;对虾生长正常池优势种的演替快而门类交替,而对虾发病池呈现硅藻到蓝藻优势的演替;对虾生长正常池浮游植物密度随养殖过程延伸呈上升态势,而对虾发病池浮游植物密度初期增加病害后下降;养殖过程浮游植物密度与主要理化因子的相关关系不显著;对虾生长正常的北寮高位池多样性指数与均匀度高于对虾发病的庵里高位池,而优势度却较低。水体理化因子变化平缓,浮游植物有较高的多样性指数和均匀度、较低的优势度对于稳定虾池养殖水环境有重要作用。An investigation was made on the succession of phytoplankton community and the main physical and chemical factors of water body in exalted shrimp ponds in Beiliao and Anli villages of Donghai Island,Zhanjiang during culture process,with the influence of the succession on the culture process analyzed.A total of 140 species of phytoplankton belonging to 76 genera and 7 phyla were identified.The dominant species in the two ponds with normal shrimp growth in Beiliao village were Gyrodinium spirale,Platymonas elliptica,Thalassiosira sp.2,Gomphosphaeria lacustris var.compacta,Gymnodinium sp.1,Oocystis sp.,Microcystis sp.,Scrippsiella trochoidea,Chroococcus sp.,and Chroomonas acuta,while those in the two ponds with shrimp disease occurrence in the process of culture in Anli village were Microcystis aeruginosa,Gyrosigma tenuissimum,Amphora coffeaeformis,Phormidium tenue,Anabaena circinlis,Synechocydtis aquetilis,Chlamydomonas sp.2,Chroomonas acuta,and Gyrodinium spirale.The phytoplankton species,including dominant ones,were more abundant and complex in normal ponds than in disease-affected ponds.In normal ponds,the dominant species succeeded rapidly and alternated in phyla,while in disease-affected ponds,only Bacillariophyta species were replaced by Cyanophyta species during the succession.The phytoplankton cell density increased during the culture process in normal ponds,but decreased after a temporary increase at early culture stage in disease-affected ponds.No significant relationships were observed between the phytoplankton cell density and the main physical and chemical factors in the ponds during culture process.The diversity and evenness of phytoplankton species were higher in the normal ponds in Beiliao than in the disease-affected ponds in Anli,while the dominance degree of species was in reverse.The mild variability of water body's physical and chemical factors as well as the high diversity and evenness but low dominance degree of phytoplankton species played important roles in keeping aquatic environment steady and healthy during the culture process in exalted shrimp pond.广东省自主创新重大科技资助项目(2007A032600004

湛江湾和平水母属2新种（软水母亚纲，锥螅水母目，和平水母科）

采自广东湛江湾海域软水母亚纲(Leptomedusae Claus,1877)、锥螅水母目(Conica Broch,1916)、和平水母科(Eirenidae Haeckel, 1879)、和平水母属(Eirene Eschscholtz,1829) 2新种,即大腺和平水母新种(E. macrogonia Huang, Sun et Liu,sp. nov.)和湛江和平水母新种(E. zhanjiangensis Huang, Zhang et Zao, sp.nov.)。其鉴别特征如下:(1)大腺和平水母,新种;伞扁于半球形,胶质中等厚;胃柄基部塔状,胃柄较长,伸出伞腔口外;垂管长度短于口唇,4个发达口唇边缘呈齿状皱褶;生殖腺发达波状弯曲,着生于辐管下伞部,从胃柄基部延伸到伞缘外;19～24条缘触手,5～8个缘疣,触手基部呈球状,无排泄乳突;每2条触手间或触手和缘疣间有1个平衡囊,每个平衡囊有1～2个平衡石;4条辐管,1条环管。(2)湛江和平水母,新种;伞半球形,胶质厚;胃柄基部呈塔形,末端变窄;垂管较长,约等于口唇长度,口唇边缘有齿状皱褶;生殖腺带状,从胃柄基部延伸至近伞缘;缘触手多,70～125条,触手基球有排泄乳突;平衡囊数目约为触手数的1/2;4条辐管,1条环管。国家海洋局海洋公益性科研专项（No.201505027

Well Width Dependence of Band Gap Renormalization of Single ZnO/MgZnO Quantum Well

通过室温下的时间积分光致发光(Pl)谱,研究了阱宽lW渐变的znO/Mg0.1zn0.9O单量子阱在高激发强度下的能带重正化与阱宽的关系。实验中光生载流子浓度为n=1.6x1014CM-2,在lW从2.3 nM渐变到4.3 nM,Pl谱峰位的红移量从5.9 MEV变化到97.1 MEV。红移量随阱宽增大而增加,但增加率却逐渐减少。当lW>2αb(αb,znO体材料激子玻尔半径,约为2 nM)时,红移量逐渐呈现出饱和的趋势(100 MEV)。研究发现峰位的红移是由于多体效应所导致的能隙收缩以及在高的激发强度下带内填充效应的这两种机理相互竞争的结果。Band gap renormalization of ZnO/Mg0.1Zn0.9O single quantum well(QW) with gradual well width(Lw) is studied by room-temperature time integrated photoluminescence(PL) spectra at high excitation power density.The photo-generated carrier density is n=1.6×1014 cm-2 and the magnitude of red shift of PL spectrum peak increases from 5.9 meV to 97.1 meV with Lw changing from 2.3 nm to 4.3 nm.With Lw increaseing,the red shift increases but the increase rate gradually decreases.When Lw>2αB(αB,the exciton Bohr radius of ZnO bulk,is about 2 nm),the red shift starts to be gradually saturated.It is found that the red shift is the competition result of energy gap contraction due to many body effect and intraband filling effect at high excitation power density.The result is useful for designing and application of ZnO QW-based optoelectronic devices.国家973计划(2004CB719804);国家自然科学基金(60876007);广州市科技局推荐项目(2005Z3-C7451)资助课

Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China

通讯作者Author for correspondence (E-mail: [email protected])2008年初,我国南方19个省经历了50年一遇的持续低温雨雪冰冻天气。极端气候对华南沿海各省的红树林区造成不同程度的危害。2008年3月,在我国南方各省红树林区的10个代表性地点,对这次寒害造成的红树植物伤害程度进行了系统的调查。结果表明:冬季低温对红树林的影响极为显著,特别是在低纬度的海南、广西和广东湛江,由于极端低温正值夜间退潮,对红树林的影响更为显著;在纬度较高的福建,本地红树种类秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)及引种的木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)等,由于长期适应于冬季较低的气温或在种植前经过抗寒锻炼,具有较强的抗寒能力。各地主要红树植物中,广布种秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤最为耐寒,其耐寒性均大于红树科的木榄、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)。海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)对温度的敏感性最强,抗寒能力最低,因此,即使在其原产地海南也受到较为严重的寒害,在纬度更高的引种地出现大面积受害甚至全部死亡,而从孟加拉国引种的无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)却显示出一定的抗寒能力。同一地点的红树植物幼苗的抗寒能力低于大树。此次寒害也造成了苗圃场的种苗大量死亡,成熟的植株提前落花落果,这势必会影响后继一两年内红树林的自然更新和人工造林。因此,在未来红树林造林或人工引种中,一定要考虑到红树植物的抗寒能力。国家自然科学基金(30671646和30700092);厦门大学“闽江学者”启动基

基于SWAT模型的白马河流域土地利用变化的径流响应

以3S技术为依托,在对白马河流域土地利用变化进行分析和预测的基础上,建立了流域SWAT模型,分析了不同土地利用情景下流域径流的响应,并计算了流域主要土地利用类型对径流深的贡献系数。结果表明:1987—2017年,耕地、居民点及建设用地、有林地、灌木林地和疏林地为流域主要的土地利用类型,共占流域总面积的96%以上,草地、水域和未利用地所占比例则较小;在4种主要土地利用类型中,有林地、灌木林地和疏林地、居民点及建设用地对径流深的贡献系数分别为2.61、0.38和0.34mm.km-2,说明三者有促进产流的作用,而耕地的贡献系数为-0.11mm.km-2,说明耕地对径流的产生起到一定抑制作用

广东省黑熊资源及保护对策

广东省的黑熊资源在历史上曾经广泛分布于全省各地,但在1999～2001年的调查显示广东省的黑熊资源仅分布在粤北的部分山地林区,而且数量在50～100只左右。栖息地的减少和大量的捕杀都对黑熊资源产生威胁。因此我们建议对全省的黑熊资源进行调查及监测,加强野生黑熊资源保护及规范黑熊饲养场的管理等

Runoff response to land use change in Baimahe basin of China based on SWAT model．

以3S技术为依托,在对白马河流域土地利用变化进行分析和预测的基础上,建立了流域SWAT模型,分析了不同土地利用情景下流域径流的响应,并计算了流域主要土地利用类型对径流深的贡献系数。结果表明:1987—2017年,耕地、居民点及建设用地、有林地、灌木林地和疏林地为流域主要的土地利用类型,共占流域总面积的96%以上,草地、水域和未利用地所占比例则较小;在4种主要土地利用类型中,有林地、灌木林地和疏林地、居民点及建设用地对径流深的贡献系数分别为2.61、0.38和0.34mm.km-2,说明三者有促进产流的作用,而耕地的贡献系数为-0.11mm.km-2,说明耕地对径流的产生起到一定抑制作用