Synonymous Codon Usage of Both Alternativelyand Commonly Spliced Genes in Human Chromosome 1 I: Synonymous Codon Usage Bias Analysis

人类1号染色体可变剪接(选择性剪接)基因344非冗余蛋白质编码序列(188183密码子)和普通剪接(非可变剪接)基因的386蛋白质编码序列(223116密码子)被用于研究人类密码子使用偏爱模式。全部密码子使用数据分析表明,人类可变剪接基因密码子的偏爱水平显著高于普通剪接基因。在人类1号染色体基因中,密码子第三位置的G+C含量有很大的异质性(0 24～0 95),并且可变剪接基因密码子第三位置平均G+C含量(64 66%)大于普通剪接基因(59 97%)。Nc值对GC3s图显示密码子偏爱使用除了受核苷酸组成制约外,其它的因子可能也影响密码子的使用变化。此外,可变剪接基因中以G或C结尾的密码子比普通剪接基因出现的频率高。密码子使用的差异可能是由可变剪接基因pre mRNA特有的结构特征和多种剪接模式决定的。It is already clear that alternative splicing has an extremely important role in expanding the protein diversity. Comparative study of the codon usage patterns of alternatively and commonly spliced genes may thereby be necessary. In this paper, the patterns of codon usage bias of two kinds of human genes, alternatively spliced genes and commonly spliced genes, were formulated through analyzing 344 non-redundant protein coding sequences from alternatively spliced genes (188183 codons) and 386 from commonly spliced genes (223116 codons) in human chromosome (1. Overall) codon usage data analysis indicated that the alternatively spliced genes showed a stronger codon usage bias than commonly spliced genes. Very extensive heterogeneity of G+C content in silent third codon position (GC3s) was evident among these genes, and GC3s content of alternatively spliced genes was higher than that of commonly spliced genes. G- or C-ending codons were more abundant in alternatively spliced genes than commonly spliced genes in human chromosome 1. The causation of differences created could be explained by pre-mRNA structural characteristics of alternatively spliced genes influencing their codon usage bias.Chinapostdoctoralprogramsfoundation( 2 0 0 2 11

Synonymous Codon Usage of Both Alternativelyand Commonly Spliced Genes in Human Chromosome 1 II: Expression Pattern and Gene Length Shape Codon Usage

进一步研究基因表达水平和基因长度与密码子使用偏爱之间的关系。多变量统计分析发现,人类1号染色体选择性剪接基因和普通剪接基因密码子使用变化都呈现单一趋势,且它们之间的密码子使用模式也非常相似,推测的高表达基因确实偏爱以C或G结尾的密码子,基因表达水平与密码子使用偏爱之间的关联也达到显著水平。因此,人类1号染色体高表达基因密码子的使用偏爱可能主要被翻译选择所决定。此外,基因长度与密码子偏爱水平之间也存在高度相关,说明相对较短的基因具有较高的密码子使用偏爱,翻译选择可能缩短了高表达基因的长度从而提高翻译效率。We further explored the correlation between synonymous codon bias and gene expression level and gene length. Correspondence analysis showed that there was only a single trend in codon usage variation among alternatively and commonly spliced genes, and the pattern of codons usage was very similar in them. The putatively highly expressed genes preferred C- or G-ending codons, and the correlations between synonymous codon bias and gene expression levels were also very significant, which implied that translation selection might play an important role in dominating codon usage bias in highly expressed genes in humans. Surprisingly, a strong correlation between codon-usage bias and gene length was also observed, e.g. the shorter a gene′s length, the higher its expression capacity. It suggested that the selection of codons might result in the reduction of the length of highly expressed genes and enhancement of translational efficiency.Chinapostdoctoralprogramsfoundation( 2 0 0 2 11

The development of online detecting system of five-axis CNC grinding machine for indexable insert

五轴可转位刀片磨床具有高速、高精的特点,为了使所磨的刀片符合精度要求,需要针对刀片的尺寸开发一种在线检测系统。本文所介绍的在线检测系统主要由两方面构成:一是在磨床数控系统中将测头伸缩时发出的电压信号转换为测量值;二是建立刀片尺寸的加工模型。在线检测系统通过调用系统的测量宏程序,获取刀片测量值,将此测量值输入到加工模型中,得到所加工刀片的指导尺寸。通过实验,得到了刀片的指导尺寸和测量时间,验证了此在线检测系统是可行并且可靠的。The five-axis CNC grinder of indexable insert is characterized by high-speed and high-precision.,in order to meet the accuracy requirements of grinding blades, needed an online detection system developed for the size of the blade.The online detection system described in this article consists of two aspects: First, the voltage signal that when the probe telescopics will be converted to the measured value; Second, establishing the process model of the blade size.The online detection system will get the blade measurements by calling the measure macro, then the measured value input into the process model, obtaining the guidance blade size.Through the experiment, verifying this online detection system is feasible and reliable by the obtained guidance blade size and the measuring time.国家“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”科技重大专项资助(2010ZX04001-162

Ecosystem Processes and Sustainable Management of Coastal Protection Forest of Casuarina equisetifolia

木麻黄为我国东南沿海防护林体系的主栽树种,如何维持和提高其环境调控功能成为当前沿海防护林经营的重要科学问题。文中概述了海岸带木麻黄林生态系统的物质循环、能量流动和防护功能以及育林措施对森林生态系统的影响等国内外研究成果,指出木麻黄人工林具有生产力高、光能利用率高和适应性强的特点;在探讨干扰与木麻黄林生态系统退化之间关系的基础上,提出加强木麻黄海岸防护林的恢复重建与生态系统管理等建议。Casuarina equisetifolia is a major species planted in protection forest along the coast of southeast China.At present,how to sustain and enhance its environmental regulation functions has become important science question for local protection forest management.This paper reviewed the research at home and abroad on nutrient cycling,energy flow and protective functions of C.equisetifolia ecosystem in coastal zone as well as on the effects of forest management measures on forest ecosystem,indicating that C.equisetifolia plantations have the characteristics of high production,high photosynthesis rate and better adaptive abilities.The relationship between disturbance and the degraded C.equisetifolia ecosystem was discussed.Then the suggestions were made for the restoration and reconstruction of the damaged C.equisetifolia protection forest and the management of its ecosystem.国家自然科学基金项目(41176092);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2009BADB2B0302);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室、福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

难以根治性切除大肝癌经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞术后二期切除的疗效分析

【目的】探讨难以根治性切除的大肝癌经皮肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗后手术切除的意义及疗效。【方法】分析143例难以根治性切除的大肝癌临床病理资料，其中68例经TACE治疗后二期切除（A组），75例未行术前TACE单纯切除（B组）。观察TACE前后肿瘤变化情况，比较两组患者的术后情况、癌残留率，以及两组病人的术后生存率及无瘤生存率。【结果】①A组经TACE后肿瘤有不同程度的缩小，且肿瘤坏死增多，周围子灶的检出率增加22．1％；肿瘤与周围脏器的粘连增加，而肿瘤包膜形成增多、癌残留率显著降低（P〈0．05）；②A组的术中出血量和肝门阻断时间均较B组有不同程度增加，但差异无统计学意义．两组术后严重并发症比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；③A组患者1、3、5年生存率和无瘤生存率为88．2％、53．0％、36．1％和65．7％、37．7％、30．4％；B组分别为68．8％、36．9％、25．1％和46．2％、24．4％、9．7％，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。【结论】术前TACE使难根治性切除大肝癌肿瘤缩小、包膜形成和癌残留减少，有效地提高大肝癌根治性切除率，延长实际生存期

H_2在K~0-MWCNTs上储存和吸附/脱附特性研究

利用高压容积法辅以卸压升温脱附排水法,测定金属K修饰多壁碳纳米管对H2的吸附储存容量.结果表明,在室温(25℃),7.25MPa实验条件下,x%K0-MWCNTs(x%=30%～35%,质量百分数)对H2的吸附储存容量可达3.80wt%(质量百分数),是相同条件下单纯MWCNTs氢吸附储量的2.5倍;室温下卸至常压的脱附氢量为3.36wt%(占总吸附氢量的～88%),后续升温至673K的脱附氢量为0.41wt%(占总吸附氢量的～11%).利用LRS和H2-TPD-GC/MS等谱学方法对H2/K0-MWCNTs吸附体系的表征研究表明,H2在K0-MWCNTs上吸附存在非解离(即分子态)和解离(即原子态)两种吸附态;在≤723K温度下,H2/K0-MWCNTs体系的脱附产物几乎全为H2气;723K以上高温脱附产物不仅含H2,也含有CH4,C2H4和C2H2等C1/C2-烃

一种人工湿地堵塞监测装置

本实用新型公开了一种人工湿地堵塞监测装置。装置内上层筒、内中层筒、内下层筒底部分别固定一块固定透水板。内中层筒对齐内下层筒并置于其上，内上层筒对齐内中层筒并置于其上，内上层筒、内中层筒、内下层筒组成内筒。内筒顶部和底部分别有不锈钢片连接不锈钢螺纹棒固定夹紧内筒，内下层筒由不锈钢片中心的固定螺母将底部和不锈钢片固定。上部的不锈钢片两端用固定螺母与不锈钢螺纹棒连接，中心有吊环螺母，吊环中心穿绳或插入木棒作为提柄。使用时，将内筒装满基质，连接好后置于外筒中。一种监测装置在人工湿地堵塞中的应用，可方便实时监测人工湿地，调整湿地运行条件，便捷回收增效剂，延长人工湿地使用寿命。</p

Study of storage and adsorption/desorption characteristics of H-2 on MWCNTs modified by metal potassium

Storage capacity of H-2 in a kind of potassium-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes, K-0-MWCNTs, was measured by using high-pressure volumetric method combined with desorption water-displacement method. It was experimentally shown that appropriate incorporation of a certain amount of metallic potassium into the MWCNTs could significantly increase the storage capacity of hydrogen. Under conditions of 7.25 MPa and ambient temperature, H-2 uptake of 3.8 wt% could be achieved by the x%K-0-MWCNTs (x%=30%-35%, mass percentage), which was 2.5 times as high as that by the KO-free MWCNTs under the same conditions. It was also indicated that adsorption of 99% of the H2 was reversible, and that 88% of the stored hydrogen (equalling storage capacities of 3.36 wt%) could be desorbed while the pressure was relieved to atmospheric pressure and similar to 11% of the stored hydrogen (equalling storage capacities of 0.41 wt%) was desorbed in the following process of elevating temperature from room temperature to 673 K. The Raman-spectroscopic and TPD-MS/GC investigations of the H-2/K-0-MWCNTs adsorption systems showed that adsorption of H-2 on the MWCNTs could occur in associative and dissociative forms, with the observed v(s)(C-H) for CH2, v(C-H) for CH and v(H-H) for H-2 (a) at 2856, 3228 and 3946 cm(-1), respectively, and that H-2 Was the predominant products desorbed at temperatures lower than 723 K, whereas in addition to H-2, light hydrocarbons such as CH4, C2H4, C2H2, etc. were also involved in the products desorbed at temperatures higher than 723 K

The Effects of NS-lactobacillus Complex on Productivity Performance, Plasma Biochemical Indexes and Dilarrhea Rate in Weaned Piglets

选择二元杂交(杜/长)的(28)日龄断奶仔猪90头,平均断奶体重(8.99±1.60)kg,按体重和性别分成3个处理组,每处理3个重复。A组为对照组,饲喂玉米、豆粕基础日粮;B组为添加0.2%(m/m)NS复合乳酸菌制剂到基础日粮中;C组为添加0.2%(m/m)金霉素、0.025%(m/m)阿莫西林和0.012 5%(m/m)的支原净。试验分为3个阶段:试验共30 d,研究微生态制剂NS复合乳酸菌对断奶仔猪生产性能、血液生化指标和减少腹泻率的影响。结果表明,NS复合乳酸菌能显著提高断奶仔猪的生产性能,平均末重、平均增重、平均日增重分别比A组高9.12%,7.64%和7.67%,差异显著(P<0.05);料肉比降低9.70%,差异显著(P<0.05);有效降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率50%,差异极显著(P<0.01);B组的血糖(GLU)含量比A组高20%、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性高10.9%,差异显著(P<0.05),对增强机体抗氧化功能,减少应激作用具有良好效果