米氏凯伦藻细胞表面膜蛋白质组及其对温度变化的响应研究

米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)近年在我国福建、浙江和广东沿海经常形成赤潮,其赤潮不仅影响到海洋生态系统的稳定,也严重威胁到水产养殖以及人类生命健康安全。本论文以米氏凯伦藻为研究对..

Correlation between use of social software and high risk behaviors of HIV infection among MSM in Beijing

目的了解北京市男男性行为者（MSM）社交软件的使用与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染及其影响因素的相关性,为今后干预工作提供依据。方法 2016年3—5月,由社区小组招募MSM进行问卷调查,同时进行HIV抗体检测。结果共招募215名MSM,回收有效问卷214份。214人的平均年龄为30.8岁;学历在大专及以上者占73.4%;同性恋者占72.4%;84.6%的人主要通过社交软件寻找性伴。214人中确证HIV感染5人,阳性率为2.3%。分析显示,是否使用社交软件、是否使用同性社交软件和是否使用普通人群社交软件均与HIV感染不相关。多因素分析结果显示,受教育程度高、性取向为同性恋的人更多地使用同性社交软件。63.1%被调查者自述曾经在社交软件上了解到艾滋病防治相关知识,但自述了解程度与是否通过社交软件获得相关信息不相关。结论 MSM社交软件的使用与HIV感染情况无关,也没有增加其对艾滋病知识的了解。但可以考虑改进同性社交软件功能,增加艾滋病防治知识内容,对MSM尤其是高学历、自我定位为同性恋的MSM进行艾滋病防治宣传。[Objective] To understand the correlation between the use of social software and human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men（MSM）in Beijing,provide the basis for future intervention work.[Methods]From May to March in 2016,MSM was recruited by community groups to carry out a questionnaire survey and HIV antibody of them was detected.[Results]A total of 215 MSM were recruited and 214 valid questionnaires were recovered. The average age of the 214 MSM was 30.8 years old,73.4% had the education level in college and above,the homosexuals accounted for 72.4%,and84.6% of the respondents mainly found sexual partners through the social software. There were 5 cases of confirmed HIV infection among 214 MSM with the positive rate of 2.3%. The analysis revealed that whether the respondents use the social software,the homosexual social software and the general social software were not related to HIV infection. The results of multivariate analysis showed that people with higher educational level and homosexual orientation were more likely to use the homosexual social software. 63.1% of respondents reported that they had been obtained the knowledge of AIDS prevention and control from social software,but the understanding level was not related to whether the relevant information was obtained through social software or not.[Conclusion]The use of social software has no correlation with HIV infection among MSM,and does not increase their knowledge level of AIDS prevention and control. However,it is necessary to improve the function of the homosexual social software and increase the content of AIDS prevention and control knowledge to carry out the AIDS education among MSM,especially those with higher educational level and homosexual orientation

A preliminary study on the induction of spawning by sex pheromones in Bostrichthys sinensis

在陶瓷人工产卵管道内吊挂性外激素的研究表明,卵巢提取液对雄鱼的吸引作用大于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液对雌鱼的吸引作用则大于雄鱼,17α-P、17α,20β-P和PGE2对雌鱼和雄鱼均具有相似的吸引作用。雌鱼在管道内的产卵次数、产卵量以及成熟卵的受精率均与产卵管道内吊挂的性外激素种类有关,17α,20β-P和PGE2两个实验组产卵次数最多,其中PGE2实验组的产卵量和受精率最高。17α-P在贮精囊和精巢提取液中的含量显著高于卵巢提取液(P精巢提取液>卵巢提取液。卵巢提取液刺激雄鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液刺激雌鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雄鱼,雌鱼和雄鱼对17α-P、17α,20β-P、PGE2和PGF2α刺激所产生的平均EOG,以PGE2为最高。The results obtained from fixing sex pheromones to the inside surface of the artificial ceramic spawning nests showed that ovarian extract attracted more males than females to enter the nests, while testis extract and seminal vesicle extract attracted more females than males. 17α-P, 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 were equally effective in attracting both females and males. Spawning frequencies and the spawned egg number of females as well as fertilization rates were related to different kinds of sex pheromones. The most spawning frequencies were found in both 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 treated groups. The greatest spawned egg number and the highest fertilization rate were observed in PGE_2 group. The levels of 17α-P in seminal vesicle extract and testis extract were significantly higher (Ptestis extract>ovarian extract. The mean EOG, stimulated by ovarian extract, was higher in males than in females, whereas the mean EOGs, stimulated by testis or seminal vesicle extract, were higher in females than in males. The mean highest EOG of both females and males in response to 17α-P,17α, 20β-P,PGE_2 and PGF_(2α) was observed in PGE_2 group.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40276040

福建绞股蓝皂苷的优化提取及其抗肝癌活性

绞股蓝素有"南方人参"美誉,含有与人参皂苷相同骨架达玛烷型结构的三萜皂苷。通过不同体积分数乙醇溶液优化提取绞股蓝皂苷,测定其抗癌活性,为后续活性化合物的分离奠定基础。利用HPLC分析绞股蓝的皂苷成分并确定提取绞股蓝皂苷的乙醇体积分数,正交实验优化提取方法,进而MTT法测定提取的绞股蓝皂苷抗肝癌活性。HPLC分析确定用体积分数75%乙醇溶液提取绞股蓝总皂苷(GYP),体积分数45%乙醇提取极性绞股蓝皂苷(GYP1),体积分数90%乙醇提取弱极性绞股蓝皂苷(GYP2);正交实验结果表明在70℃水浴中以30质量的体积分数45%乙醇加热提取12 h为最佳条件提取GYP1,在60℃水浴中以30质量的体积分数90%乙醇加热提取6 h为最佳条件提取GYP2;利用MTT法测定GYP、GYP1和GYP2对肝癌细胞的抑制作用,GYP和GYP2对肝癌细胞SMCC7721具有抗癌活性,半抑制率IC50值分别为(165.83±14.12)μg/mL和(113.97±9.26)μg/mL,GYP1没有抗癌活性,表明绞股蓝抗癌药效成分主要是由弱极性绞股蓝皂苷发挥功效

Interfacial Effects in Iron-Nickel Hydroxide–Platinum Nanoparticles Enhance Catalytic Oxidation

该研究工作是在郑南峰教授的领导下，由校内外、国内外多个课题组共同努力，历时三年完成。郑南峰、傅钢、陈明树等三个课题组紧密协作负责催化剂的合成、表征、性能测试以及催化机理研究；中国科学院物理研究所谷林研究员主要负责纳米颗粒的亚埃级球差校正高分辨透射电子显微研究；加拿大达尔豪斯大学化学系的张鹏教授课题组和台湾同步辐射研究中心李志甫研究员等参与催化剂的同步辐射X-射线吸收光谱研究。 该工作受到了国家自然科学基金委、科技部、厦门大学、固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心以及醇醚酯化工清洁生产国家工程实验室的资助与支持。Hybrid metal nanoparticles can allow separate reaction steps to occur in close proximity at different metal sites and accelerate catalysis. We synthesized iron-nickel hydroxide–platinum (transition metal-OH-Pt) nanoparticles with diameters below 5 nanometers and showed that they are highly efficient for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation catalysis at room temperature. We characterized the composition and structure of the transition metal–OH-Pt interface and showed that Ni2+ plays a key role in stabilizing the interface against dehydration. Density functional theory and isotope-labeling experiments revealed that the OH groups at the Fe3+-OH-Pt interfaces readily react with CO adsorbed nearby to directly yield carbon dioxide (CO2) and simultaneously produce coordinatively unsaturated Fe sites for O2 activation. The oxide-supported PtFeNi nanocatalyst rapidly and fully removed CO from humid air without decay in activity for 1 month

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

Transcriptomic Analysis of Typical Algal Bloom Species in the Coast of China Sea Reveals the Response Mechanisms to Changing Ambient Phosphorus

磷（Phosphorus）是浮游植物生长所必需的营养元素。在海洋生态系统中，磷的含量、分布及可利用性对浮游植物生长、分布、群落结构等具有重要的调控作用，进而影响海洋初级生产力及碳、氮等元素的生物地球化学循环。研究发现，磷在全球诸多海域都是浮游植物生长的限制营养元素。近年来，围绕海洋浮游植物对低磷胁迫的响应机制和适应策略开展了大量的研究，然而这些研究主要集中在生理学层面，有关其分子机制仍知之甚少。 本研究以中国近海三种典型藻华种中肋骨条藻（Skeletonemacostatum）、东海原甲藻（Prorocentrumdonghaiense）和链状亚历山大藻（Alexandriumcatenel...Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element for phytoplankton. In marine ecosystem, the concentration, distribution and bioavailability of P play important roles in the regulation of marine primary production and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and other elements. It is known that P is a limiting nutrient in many areas of the world ocean. Much effort has been devoted to the adap...学位：理学博士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3312012015356

2012年三沙湾米氏凯伦藻赤潮的生态特征及成因分析

为了理清米氏凯伦藻赤潮形成与环境因素的关系,掌握其发生、发展规律,本文分析了2012年春末夏初三沙湾海域米氏凯伦藻赤潮期间的气象、水文和营养盐情况,并结合室内模拟培养实验,探讨了米氏凯伦藻赤潮形成与各环境因素的相关性。结果显示米氏凯伦藻赤潮通常发生在温度为20.5~25.0℃和盐度为24.3~32.3的海域,其细胞生长的最适温度和最适盐度分别为:22.0~25.0℃和26.0~30.0;Pearson相关性分析显示,米氏凯伦藻细胞密度与叶绿素a、无机磷、化学需氧量呈极显著正相关,与透明度、氨氮呈显著负相关;另外,米氏凯伦藻对磷酸盐的需求较低,其赤潮的形成可能主要受水体中氨氮的影响。基于现场调查和模拟实验结果,综合分析认为稳定的水文和气象条件、发生前期降雨输入的无机氮,以及由于持续阴雨导致的较低光照条件是此次米氏凯伦藻赤潮形成和维持的重要条件。国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1404800