汉字识别中的音形义启动效应

问题“启动效应”是近年来认知心理学研究的重要课题。研究启动效应的价值在于可以通过它探讨人脑内各种文字和知识信息是如何表征的。按“激活扩展”理论,人脑中存储的各种文字信息、知识概念是以一定的关系网络形式组织的。启动效应就是外部输入信号(启动词出现)沿着大脑中的这种记忆网络结构扩展,激活网络中各个结点使它们处于活跃状态的结果。因此用启动效应表现出来的结果推

Treatment of algae bloom water using ·OH based on conventional drinking water process

我国水体的富营养化日益严重,水源地出现季节性藻类爆发现象,严重威胁饮用水安全。以厦门市莲坂水厂各工艺段出水为研究对象,采用大气压强电离放电产生羟; 基自由基(·OH),分别对水源水、混凝沉淀出水、砂滤出水进行处理,处理时间为4.5 s。当注入总氧化剂浓度为1.8 mg·; L~(-1)时,高藻浓度从25.3*10~4 cells · mL~(-1)降到800 cells ·; mL~(-1);对混凝沉淀出水注入总氧化剂0.6 mg· L~(-1)、砂滤出水注入0.2 mg·; L~(-1)时,藻细胞都未检出;·OH处理后CODMn、TOC及UV254均有明显降低,砂滤出水三卤甲烷小于8; mug·L~(-1);检测的各项指标均达到国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB; 5479-2006)。因此,·OH可快速有效安全地杀灭高藻,为我国高藻水源地饮用水卫生安全保障提供技术支撑。Due to the increasing eutrophication in China, harmful algae blooms; often occur in water body periodically, which poses serious threats to; drinking water safety. Using a strong ionization discharge technology at; atmosphere pressure, ·OH was used to remove algae bloom. Other; conventional process such as coagulation, sedimentation and sand; filtration were applied respectively in the Lianban Water Plant in; Xiamen (China). The total reaction time required in the three water; processes was only 4.5 s. When the total reactive oxidant (TRO); concentration injected to algae bloom water was 1.8 mg·L~(-1), the algae; content was decreased by ·OH from 25.3*10~4 cells·mL~(-1) to 800; cells·mL~(-1). When the TRO that was injected into coagulation,; sedimentation and sand filtration water achieved 0.6 mg·L~(-1) and 0.2; mg·L~(-1), respectively, the algae contents were not detected (ND) in; treated effluents. At the same time, water quality in CODMn, TOC and; UV254 were decreased and the disinfection by-products(DBPs) such as,; trihalomethanes (THMs) concentration was lower than 8 mug·L~(-1) in; treated effluents. The treated effluent, resulting from this technology,; met the requirement of the National Drinking Water Standards (GB; 5479-2006). Therefore, ·OH was effective and safe to remove freshwater; algae without further treatment being required.国家科技支撑计划项目; 国家重大科研仪器研制项目; 科技部创新人才推进计划重点领域创新团

Novel System of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Anode Catalysts: NanoTiO_2-CNT-PtNi Complex Catalysts

采用电合成前驱体Ti(OEt)_4直接水解法和电化学扫描电沉积法制备纳米TiO_2-CNT-PtNi复合纳米催化剂.透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试结果表明,纳米PtNi合金粒子(平均粒径8nm)均匀地分散在纳米TiO2-CNT复合膜的三维网络结构中.通过暂态电化学方法研究表明,复合纳米催化剂的电化学活性比表面积为90m~2/g,对甲醇氧化具有很高的电催化活性和稳定性,常温常压下甲醇氧化峰电位为0.67和0.44V,当温度为60℃时,氧化峰电位负移至0.64和0.30V,氧化峰电流密度高达1.38A/cm~2.复合纳米催化剂对甲醇电氧化的高催化活性和稳定性可归因于多元复合纳米组分的协同催化作用,这种作用导致CO在复合纳米催化剂上的弱吸附,从而避免了催化剂的中毒.The nanoTiO2-CNT-PtNi complex catalysts were prepared by the direct hydrolysis of electro-synthetic precursor Ti(OEt)4 and electrochemical scan electrodepositing method. The results of XRD and SEM show that the PtNi nanoparticle of average size 8 nm was dispersed uniformly on nanoTiO2-CNT com-plex film surface. The electrocatalytic activity of the nanoTiO2-CNT-PtNi complex catalysts was investi-gated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiogram. The results indicated that the nanoTiO2-CNT-PtNi complex catalysts with Pt loading of 0.32 mg/cm2 exhibited high electrochemically active surface area of 90 m2/g and very high electrocatalytic activity and stability for electro-oxidation of methanol. The oxidation peak potential of methanol was 0.67 and 0.44 V at room temperature in atmosphere pressure, respectively, and shifted to 0.64 and 0.30 V at 60 ℃ and the oxidation peak current of methanol was 1.38 A/cm2. The high electrocatalytic activity and good stability can be attributed to the synergistic catalytic effect of nano-composite, which leads to the weak adsorption of CO on complex nanostructure catalysts, avoiding poison-ing of the catalysts.国家自然科学基金(No.20476001);; 安徽省自然科学基金(No.00045317)资助项目

电化学微/纳米加工技术

通讯联系人，E-mail: dpzhan@ xmu． edu． cn介绍电化学微/纳米加工技术,特别是厦门大学电化学微/纳米加工课题组建立起来的约束刻蚀剂层技术,旨在让广大师生了解这一特种加工技术,共同促进我国电化学微/纳米加工技术的研究及产业化进程。国家自然科学基金(No.91023006,91023047,91023043);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No.2010121022

金属Cu表面三维齿状微图形的复制加工——约束刻蚀剂层技术 (CELT)的应用

主要介绍了一种Cu的CELT加工的化学刻蚀体系和捕捉体系 ,并通过控制刻蚀时间、刻蚀电流、刻蚀剂浓度、捕捉剂浓度等实验参数和优化电化学模板的制作工艺 ,以规整的齿状结构为模板 ,在Cu的表面实现了三维微结构的复制加工 ,得到了与齿状结构模板互补的三维微结构 ,用SEM和AFM对实验结果进行了表征 ,表征结果证明约束刻蚀剂层技术在金属三维加工方面的可行性和潜在优势。金属Cu由于具有优良的导热导电性能以及很好的延展性 ,在微系统 (也称微机电系统 )中应用广泛 ,因此对Cu的刻蚀加工对微系统技术的发展具有重要的意义。约束刻蚀剂层技术 (ConfinedEtch antLayerTechnique简称CELT)作为一种新型的微加工技术[1] ,能够加工复制出复杂三维结构 ,到目前为止 ,该技术已成功应用于Si、GaAs等材料微结构的复制加工[2 ,3]

Novel system of direct methanol fuel cell anode catalysts: NanoTiO(2)-CNT-PtNi complex catalysts

The nanoTiO(2)-CNT-PtNi complex catalysts were prepared by the direct hydrolysis of electrosynthetic precursor Ti(OEt)(4) and electrochemical scan electrodepositing method. The results of XRD and SEM show that the PtNi nanoparticle of average size 8 nm was dispersed uniformly on nanoTiO(2)-CNT complex film surface. The electrocatalytic activity of the nanoTiO(2)-CNT-PtNi complex catalysts was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiogram. The results indicated that the nanoTiO(2)-CNT-PtNi complex catalysts with Pt loading of 0.32 mg/cm(2) exhibited high electrochemically active surface area of 90 m(2)/g and very high electrocatalytic activity and stability for electro-oxidation of methanol. The oxidation peak potential of methanol was 0.67 and 0.44 V at room temperature in atmosphere pressure, respectively, and shifted to 0.64 and 0.30 V at 60 degrees C and the oxidation peak current of methanol was 1.38 A/cm(2). The high electrocatalytic activity and good stability can be attributed to the synergistic catalytic effect of nanocomposite, which leads to the weak adsorption of CO on complex nanostructure catalysts, avoiding poisoning of the catalysts

Electrochemical mechanical micromachining based on confined etchant layer technique

National Science Foundation of China [91023006, 91023047, 91023043, 21061120456, 21021002]; Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China [2012J06004]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2010121022]; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (State Education Ministry)The confined etchant layer technique (CELT) has been proved an effective electrochemical microfabrication method since its first publication at Faraday Discussions in 1992. Recently, we have developed CELT as an electrochemical mechanical micromachining (ECMM) method by replacing the cutting tool used in conventional mechanical machining with an electrode, which can perform lathing, planing and polishing. Through the coupling between the electrochemically induced chemical etching processes and mechanical motion, ECMM can also obtain a regular surface in one step. Taking advantage of CELT, machining tolerance and surface roughness can reach micro-or nano-meter scale

汉字知觉及其脑功能成像研究

汉字被认为是世界三大文字系统之一。其特点是表义性和外观的两维性。这种特点对汉字知觉的脑功能活动有什么影响。传统上提出的脑对语言的加工模型是以脑损伤病人的资料为依据，因而有其局限性。本研究以功能磁共振和脑电技术为手段，研究正常人在加工汉字词的过程中，不同脑区参与活动的空间和时间关系。本研究内容包括：（1） 汉字表面物理特性的脑功能表现，当与物体图画相比时，二者共同激活两侧枕区、左顶区及右颞区，物理属性的差异在脑功能上的表现不显著。（2） 汉字词认知中，词义和词音通达中的脑激活规律，由于加工策略的不同，二者在脑激活定位上表现不同。在同音或同义匹配条件下，脑激活区未表现出差别；在义或音选择判断条件下，义的判断包括与音加工有关的脑区，而音判断不激活与义加工有关的脑区。这表明从书面词通达语义时，语音可能起中介作用，但并非必然规律。（3） 汉语动、植物名词认知心理词典的脑功能定位。研究发现，两类名词除共同的激活脑区外，植物名词在索状回较动物名词有显著激活，而动物名词在额内侧回有显著激活。此结果补充和发展了有关的心理词典模型。（4） 汉字词与英文词加工的脑功能活动的比较。在默读条件下，两种文字加工激活共同脑区为主，二者的差别表现在，英文显著激活索状回后部，中文显著激活索状回前部。这可能与语义通达的熟练程度有关。在完成中、英文词同义判断及对译加工条件下，比较双语者的词汇表征和加工过程。发现在同义判断上共

事件相关脑电位与人类行为活动

事件相关脑电位(Event Related potential,缩写为ERp)不同于自发脑电位(EEG),前者代表与刺激和反应的出现有一定关系的神经活动。由于在头皮外记录到的ERP信号一般不高于10微伏,所以在一般情况下它很容易被自发的脑电活动噪音(其电位可达50微伏以上)所掩蔽。六十年代以来采用了改进信噪比的技术,使ERP的研究有了长足的进步

高中数学、初中史、地自学辅导会议总结

中国科学院心理学研究所主持召开的“自学辅导教学高中数学初中史地第二次经验交流与培训”会议有全国16个省市的90余名代表聚集一堂学习了有关的心理学知识,交流了自学辅导教学的实验经验;为提高和推广自学辅导教学实验出谋献策。会议得