Has Chinese Manufacturing Fallen in “Low Skill Equilibrium”

依据"低技术均衡"的定义,本文利用中国制造业的相关数据,分低技术、中低技术、中高技术、高技术四个技术产业类型进行协整分析和格兰杰因果关系检验。研究发现,中国制造业确实存在"低技术均衡",但尚不存在多重均衡。摆脱"低技术陷阱",需要政府、企业和员工个人形成合力,共同推进科技进步,促进产业结构优化升级。According to the definition of "low skill equilibrium",this paper adopts the data of Chinese manufacturing industry as samples,using Cointegration Test and Granger Causality Test,to examine the causal relationship between the economic value added per capita and average wage on low-tech industries,medium-low-tech industry,medium-high-tech industry,and high-tech industry,respectively. Based on the results of the tests,we conclude that China has fallen into a "low skill equilibrium" dilemma,but there does not exist the situation of multiple equilibria. To escape the "low skill trap",we need the concerted effort between government,enterprises and individuals,to promote scientific and technological progress,and to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.国家社会科学基金特别委托项目(13@ZH020);; 中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(T2013221018

IL-20及其受体在大鼠自身免疫性心肌炎不同阶段的表达

目的探讨IL-20及其受体在大鼠实验性自身免疫性心肌炎(EAM)急慢性期各阶段的表达。方法将提纯精制后的猪心室肌球蛋白加等体积含结核杆菌H37Ra株的完全弗氏佐剂充分混合,于Lewis大鼠双后足皮下注射制作大鼠EAM模型;将15只大鼠按随机数字表法分成3组,每组5只,分别于3、6、12周后处死取心肌组织进行检测。另取5只大鼠注射0.9%氯化钠注射液作为对照组。HE染色评估EAM急慢性期各时点心肌损伤程度;应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测IL-20及其受体链(IL-20R1/R2,IL-22R1)在各时点的mRNA表达;应用Western blotting法检测IL-20在各时点的蛋白表达。并以ELISA检测不同时点心肌组织匀浆IL-20蛋白含量[IL-20蛋白/总蛋白(pg/ng)]。结果 IL-20在EAM急性期3周时表达逐渐升高,6周时达峰值,12周时又逐渐减少。IL-20的组织蛋白水平与基因表达相一致。结论 IL-20可能参与大鼠EAM的疾病过程,并且可能在EAM的晚期炎症及慢性心肌纤维化的机制中起重要作用

Precipitated Phase of Titanium Alloy with Adding Nd Elements

通过粉末冶金方法(冷等静压-真空烧结)制备钛合金Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr-1Nd, 经过固溶-时效热处理后, 利用光学显微镜(OM)、; X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)分析合金的微观组织、 物相的组成及析出相的形核特点, 研究添加稀土元素Nd对析出相的影响。; 实验结果表明,在添加1%Nd(质量分数)元素后, 钛合金组织得到了明显细化;通过合金细化成核理论分析发现, 添加稀土元素Nd后,; 固溶时效中Nd_2O_3可以作为形核的基础, 促进形核, 所以稀土Nd元素可以有效促进非均匀形核, 主要析出相Nd_2O_3有利于晶粒的细化,; 是有效的形核剂;在高分辨透射电镜下对离子减薄后的试样进行观察,通过对合金的形貌和析出物进行傅里叶变换(FFT)和反傅里叶变换(IFFT)分析,; 得到清晰的原子排列图, 发现析出相Nd_2O_3与基体alpha-Ti之间存在平行相界面, 经分析为半共格界面。Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr-1Nd prepared by powder metallurgy method; (cold isostatic pressing and vacuum sintering) was researched. The; microstructure, phase composition and precipitated phase nucleation; process were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction; (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) after solution and; aging treatment. The effect of adding rare earth element Nd to the; titanium alloy on its precipitated phase was studied. The experimental; results showed that the microstructure refinement effect was obvious; after adding rare earth element 1%Nd (mass fraction); based on the; analysis of alloy refining nucleation theory, it was found that after; adding Nd, Nd_2O_3 could serve as the basis of nucleation because of its; high energy, promoting nucleation, there fore Nd could promote the; heterogeneous nucleation effectively, the main precipitation phase; Nd_2O_3 was beneficial to refining crystalline grains and it was; effective nucleating agents. Through high resolution observation of ion; thinning sample, and the morphology of the alloy precipitates were; analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse fast Fourier; transformation (IFFT). It was found that there was parallel interface; between precipitated phase Nd_2O_3 and matrix alpha-Ti, and it was; semi-coherent interface shown by analysis.河南省重大科技专项项

早期症状性膝骨关节炎的治疗进展

目前,早期症状性膝骨关节炎越来越受到临床医生关注。关于早期症状性膝骨关节炎的病因,许多学者不仅仅关注到膝关节局部问题,更多的注意到髋、膝周围软组织失衡所致膝关节力线不平衡为重要的影响因素。基于对这一病因的认识,从中西医方面对早期症状性膝骨关节炎的治疗进展进行总结,并探讨各种疗法的治疗规律、特点和疗效

Study of the effect of Strong-bone granules on the differentiation of ROS1728 osteoblasts with silenced ER expression

目的探讨健骨颗粒对成骨细胞中ERalpha介导的TERT信号通路的调控作用。方法采用雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182780(Faslodex)阻断成; 骨细胞中雌激素受体alpha(ERalpha)的表达,建立ER抑制的大鼠成骨细胞株ROS1728细胞模型,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测成; 骨细胞液中碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP) 、骨钙素(osteocalcin,BGP); 、Ⅰ型胶原(collagen I,Col Ⅰ)的含量。采用实时荧光定量SYBR; GREEN法检测ERE、ERalpha、c-MYCmRNA的表达。采用Western Blot检测TERT、ERalpha、c-; MYC蛋白的表达。结果ELISA法检测结果显示:随着干预时间的延长,培养液中的ALP、BGP、ColⅠ的含量逐渐上升。其中对照组3种信号因子的含; 量最高血,雌激素组次之,健骨颗粒组再次之,模型组最低,各组比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),; 4组TERT、ERalpha、c-MYCmRNA及蛋白表达量情况以对照组的蛋白表达含量最高,雌激素组次之,健骨颗粒组再次之,模型组最低。各组比较; 均有统计学意义(P < 0.05); 。结论雌激素介导TERT信号通路及其相关因子与成骨细胞分化的关系密切,而补肾健脾中药健骨颗粒可通过雌激素介导TERT信号通路促进成骨细胞分化。Objective To investigate the effect of Strong-bone granules on the; regulation of TERT signaling pathway mediated by ER alpha in; osteoblasts. Methods The estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182780; (Faslodex) was used to inhibit the expression of ER in osteoblasts and; to establish the ER-silenced model of rat osteoblast cell line ROS1728.; Serum ALP,BGP,and Col I were determined using enzyme-linked; immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of ERE,ERalpha,and c-MYC was; determined using real time quantitative SYBR GREEN assay. The protein; expression of ERE,ERalpha,and c-MYC was detected using Western blotting.; Results The results of ELISA showed that the content of ALP,BGP,and Col; in the culture medium increased gradually with the prolonging of; intervention time. The levels were the highest in the control group,then; followed in estrogen group,Strong-bone granules group,and the model; group,and the difference among the groups was significant (P < 0.05).; The mRNA and protein expression of TERT,ER alpha,and c-MYC was the; highest in the control group,then followed in estrogen group,Strong-bone; granules group,and the model group,and the difference among the groups; was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The estrogen mediated TERT; signaling pathway and its related factors are closely related to the; differentiation of osteoblasts. Strong-bone granules promote osteoblast; differentiation through estrogen mediated TERT signaling pathway.国家自然科学基金; 福建省卫生厅中医课题; 福州市卫生系统科技项

Effects of Nd element addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr alloy

本试验采用冷等静压法及粉末冶金法制备钛合金,消除了成分偏析对合金性能的影响。在Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr中加入稀土Nd元素并进行热处理,运用光学; 显微镜、XRD和TEM对其组织和性能进行观察和分析。通过观察发现合金的组织为均匀的alpha +; beta相。运用XRD和TEM观察发现,晶界和晶内均有Nd_2O_3析出物,Nd_2O_3的出现细化了晶粒,提高了形核率,降低了晶粒尺寸。运用精; 密万能试验机进行了力学性能测试,当Nd元素含量为1%时,合金的综合力学性能最好,合金的抗拉强度提高了10.7%,伸长率提高了49.1%。The Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr-xNd alloys were prepared by the cold isostatic; pressing method and powder metallurgy with addition of Nd element,the; effect of composition segregation on properties of the titanium alloy; was eliminated,and microstructure and the properties of the alloy after; heat treatment were studied by means of optical microscope,XRD and TEM.; The results show that the microstructure of the Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr-xNd is; composed of homogeneous alpha + beta phase. Nd_2O_3 precipitates are; observed in the grain boundaries and in the grains by XRD and TEM,and it; can refine the grains,increase the nucleation rate and decrease the; grain size. The optimal mechanical properties of the alloy are obtained; when the Nd content is 1%,and the tensile strength and elongation of the; alloy increase by 10.7% and 49.1%,respectively.军工863项目; 国防973支持项

Effect of intravenous injecting plasmid encoding interleukin-19-IgG on experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats

目的:评估静脉注射白细胞介素19(InTErlEukIn-19,Il-19)重组质粒对大鼠实验性自身免疫性心肌炎(EXPErIMEnTAl AuTOIMMunE MyOCArdITIS,EAM)的治疗作用。方法:将猪心室肌球蛋白与等体积完全弗氏免疫佐剂充分混匀后,双足皮下注射制作大鼠EAM模型,免疫后第6天应用静脉注射方法将Il-19重组质粒导入体内,第17天行心脏超声检查后处死大鼠,检测心脏重量与体重比值、病理学评估、心肌炎面积率;实时荧光定量PCr检测心衰标记物心房钠尿肽(ATrIAl nATrIurETIC PEPTIdE,AnP)、脑钠尿肽(brAIn nATrIurETIC PEPTIdE,bnP)的表达水平,进一步检测心肌相关炎症因子Il-18、Il-1β、Il-12P35和Ifn-γ的表达水平。结果:Il-19重组质粒导入组的大鼠心功能得到显著改善;心脏重量体重比、心肌炎面积率、AnP、bnP的表达均较模型组明显下降;相关炎症细胞因子的表达也显著降低。结论:应用静脉注射法进行Il-19重组质粒体内导入治疗,明显抑制大鼠实验性自身免疫性心肌炎的炎症反应,减轻了心肌损伤从而改善心功能。AIM:To evaluate the effect of intravenous injecting plasmid encoding interleukin-19-Ig G on experimental autoimmune myocarditis(EAM) in rats.METHODS:Cardiac myosin was emulsified with equal volume of complete Freund's adjuvant.The animal model of EAM was established by injecting with the preparation in both footpads of the Lewis rats.The rats were intravenously injected with the plasmid encoding IL-19-Ig G on day 6.Echocardiography was performed before the rats were sacrificed on day 17.The effect of IL-19-Ig G plasmid injection was evaluated by measuring the heart weight / body weight,myocarditis area,relative expression levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) in the hearts.The mRNA expression levels of related cytokines including IL-18,IL-1β,IL-12p35 and IFN-γ were detected.RESULTS:The rats in model group showed significant myocardial damage and a decrease in the left ventricular functions.The rats in the treatment group injected with IL-19-Ig G plasmid showed an improvement of the cardiac functions.The ratio of heart weight / body weight,the area of myocarditis and the mRNA levels of ANP and BNP were significantly lower in IL-19-Ig G treatment group than those in model group.The mRNA levels of IL-18,IL-1β,IL-12p35 and IFN-γ were also significantly decreased in IL-19-Ig G treatment group.CONCLUSION:Intravenous injection of plasmid encoding IL-19-Ig G effectively prevents the development of the left ventricular remodeling and myocardial damage in EAM rats.国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81270294); 福建省卫生系统中青年骨干人才项目(No.2013-ZQN-ZD-37); 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(No.2012J01415

Effects of Nd element addition on microstructure refinement of Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr alloy

采用冷等静压–真空烧结法制备Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr-1Nd合金,然后进行固溶及时效热处理,通过实验与最小错配度理论计算,研究Nd元素对该合金组织细化的影响,并分析细化机理。结果表明,添加1%(质量分数)的稀土元素Nd后,析出相Nd2O3能有效促进晶粒细化。二维错配度的计算结果证明析出相Nd2O3是有效的形核剂,可促进非均匀形核,增加形核率,从而使晶粒细化。通过对合金试样薄区进行高分辨率观察,发现另一种絮状的、非常细小的、弥散分布的Nd2Ti4O11相,由于其界面错配度较低,也可作为非均匀形核的核心,促进形核,起到细化晶粒的作用。Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V-2Cr-1Nd is made by the cold isostatic pressing and vacuum sintering, then the solution and aging heat treatment was carried on the prepared of titanium alloy, the effect of Nd elements on the microstructure refinement and the refinement mechanism were researched and analyzed through the experiment and theory calculation of minimum mismatch degree. The results show that the main precipitation phase Nd_2O_3 can effectively promote the grain refinement after adding rare earth element 1% Nd(mass fraction). The two-dimensional mismatch degree calculation results proved that the precipitated phase Nd2O3 is the effective nucleating agents that can promote the heterogeneous nucleation and increase the nucleation rate, thus promote the grain refinement. Through the high resolution observation of thin area in the sample, another precipitated phase Nd2Ti4O11 is found, which is flocculent, dispersed and very small. Because of the low degree of interface mismatch, Nd2Ti4O11 can also be used as the core of heterogeneous nucleation and promote nucleation, which means it can also play a role in grain refinement.河南省重大科技专项(102105000007

Photocurrent Enhancement by TiCl_4 Post_Treatment for TiO_2 Nanoporous Film Electrode

利用TiCl4 水溶液处理TiO2 纳米晶膜电极 ,可以提高光电流 ,改善电极的光电转换性能 .对未经处理和处理后电极的比表面、孔分布 ,以及瞬态光电流分析表明 ,后处理改善了电荷在电极中的传输 ,从而提高了光电流Enhanced photocurrent in dye_sensitized photoelectrochemical cell was obtained by post_treating the TiO 2 nanoporous film electrode with TiCl 4. By investigating the effect of the post_treatment on surface area, pore size distribution, laser pulse induced current transient of the film electrode, photocurrent increase by the post_treatment was assigned to the improved electron percolation resulting from broadening of interparticle neck.作者联系地址：北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京大学化学与分子工程学院 北京100871 ,北京100871 ,北京100871Author's Address: College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,Chin

基于质谱技术分析补骨颗粒对软骨细胞蛋白质组学的影响

目的:通过定量观察补骨颗粒对大鼠膝关节软骨细胞蛋白质表达的影响,探讨补肾活血中药对软骨细胞的作用机制。方法:将软骨细胞经补骨颗粒含药血清传代培养后通过定量蛋白质组学串联质谱标签标记技术进行检测,使用Maxquant(v1.5.2.8)进行检索。选择UniProt-GOA数据库注释工具对差异蛋白进行基因功能聚类GO分析;采用KEGG在线服务工具KAAS对提交的蛋白进行注释,之后通过KEGG mapper将注释过的蛋白匹配入数据库相应的通路中进行检索分析;使用预测亚细胞定位的软件wolfpsort对所提交的蛋白进行亚细胞定位注释。结果:通过数据库检索,补骨颗粒含药血清及空白血清干预软骨细胞后共鉴定到5028个蛋白质,包含25 423个肽段,其中4297个蛋白质包含定量信息。以1.3倍为变化阈值,t检验中P <0.05为标准,空白血清组中163个蛋白表达发生上调,188个蛋白表达发生下调;补骨颗粒含药血清干预后有164个蛋白表达发生上调,58个蛋白表达发生下调。其中,具有生物学信息的目标差异蛋白有腺苷酸转位酶1、热休克蛋白27、肌浆/内质网钙ATP酶1、钠/钾转运ATP酶、果糖二磷酸醛缩酶A、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶、磷酸甘油酸变位酶1、β-烯醇化酶、L-乳酸脱氢酶、糖原合成酶、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1。结论:补骨颗粒能够影响软骨细胞的腺苷酸转位酶1、热休克蛋白27、醛缩酶A、β-烯醇化酶及肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1等表达,对于揭示软骨细胞的凋亡机制具有重要意义。福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2016J01597)福州市科技计划项目(2017-S-130-5