Kartoitus tankotanssijoiden urheiluvammoista : kvantitatiivinen kyselytutkimus

Tässä opinnäytetyössä tutkittiin tankotanssijoiden urheiluvammoja kvantitatiivisin menetelmin. Tutkimustulosten perusteella pystytään jakamaan uutta tietoa lajin urheiluvammoista tankotanssin parissa toimiville henkilöille, kuten valmentajille, harrastajille, kilpailijoille ja lajista kiinnostuneille. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, kuinka monelle tankotanssijalle on tullut urheiluvammoja. Vammoista selvitettiin sen kohdealue, laatu ja koetun haitan kesto. Lisäksi selvitettiin iän, sukupuolen, kokemusvuosien ja viikoittaisen harjoittelutuntimäärän yhteydet vammautumisiin. Kysely jaettiin keväällä 2018 ympäri Suomea tankotanssikouluihin ja se oli menetelmältään kvantitatiivinen. Vastauksia tuli yhteensä 262 kappaletta. Kerätty aineisto syötettiin ja analysoitiin MS Excel- ja IBM SPSS Statistics -ohjelmistoilla. Tuloksista kävi ilmi, että yleisimmät urheiluvammat tankotanssissa kohdistuvat yläraajaan olkapään alueelle. Vammat koettiin lihasperäisiksi rasitusvammoiksi ja niiden aiheuttama haitta oli useimmiten 1 – 4 viikkoa. Viikkoharjoittelutuntimäärällä oli selkeästi yhteyttä vammojen esiintyvyyteen (p=0,036), mutta sen riippuvuus oli heikko (C=0,032). Kokemusvuosilla oli selkeästi yhteyttä vammojen esiintyvyyteen (p=0,0065). Vastauksista kävi ilmi, ettei ikä ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevä tekijä vammojen esiintyvyydessä (p=0,095).The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to carry out a research of sports injuries among pole dancers with quantitative methods. The material was collected with a structured electric questionnaire. The purpose was to innovate new knowledge about sports injuries among pole dancers. The information can be used by coaches, amateurs, professionals, and others who are interested in the sport. This study’s objective was to clarify how many pole dancers has had a sports injury. The other examined matters were the target areas of sports injuries, their quality, and how long was the duration of one’s experienced drawback after injury. Furthermore, the researchers were interested in the possible connection of age, gender, years of experience, and weekly practice hours to sports injuries incidence. The questionnaire was shared to Finnish pole dancing schools in spring 2018 and a total of 262 replies were received. The survey was quantitative, and the gathered material was analyzed with MS Excel, and IBM SPSS Statistics software. According to the results, it appears that the most general sports injuries in pole dancing are directed to the upper limb, more precisely to the shoulder area. The injuries were experienced as mostly repetitive strain injuries. The usual experienced drawback period was 1 to 4 weeks. There was a clear connection with weekly practice hours and the incidence of injuries (p=0,036), but they only had a weak dependence (C=0,032). The years of experience had a clear connection to the incidence of injuries (p=0,0065). Age was not a statistical significant factor in incidence of sports injuries (p=0,095)

Ecological security evaluation of Chaohu Lake basin based on attribute recognition model

为建立有效的流域生态安全评价模型,采用AHP赋权方法与属性识别模型相耦合的途径,以巢湖流域生态安全为研究对象,对基于属性识别模型的巢湖流域及其次级评价单元的生态安全评价问题进行了研究。结果表明:巢湖流域9区(县)及流域整体生态安全状况从优到劣的排序结果依次为合肥、流域整体、居巢、无为、和县、含山、舒城、庐江、肥东和肥西;合肥和肥西的生态安全状况分别为Ⅳ级和Ⅰ级,其它评价单元均处于Ⅱ级。基于属性识别模型的流域生态安全评价方法涵义明确、计算过程简单,能同时实现生态安全等级的分类和排序,在其它生态系统综合评价中具有一定的应用价值。By using AHP weight method and attribute recognition model, a comprehensive ecological security evaluation of Chaohu Lake basin and its secondary appraisal units was made, aimed to build an efficient model for basin ecological security evaluation. The results indicated that the ecological security level of Chaohu Lake basin declined in the sequence of Hefei, the basin as a whole, Juchao, Wuwei, Hexian, Hanshan, Shucheng, Lujiang, Feidong, and Feixi. Among them, Hefei and Feixi were in grades Ⅳ and Ⅰ, respectively, and other districts all fell into grade Ⅱ. Because of its explicit meanings and simple computational process, this model could sort and rank the test objects according to their ecological security level, and be applied to the comprehensive evaluation of other ecological systems.国家自然科学基金项目(50579009);; 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(05JA840011);; 安徽省教育厅自然科学重点资助项目(2003KJ043ZD

(NH_4)_2SO_4和Na_2SO_4混合溶液中(NH_4)_2SO_4结晶动力学及铁/铝/锰/铬等离子对(NH_4)_2SO_4结晶的影响规律

湿法冶金、三元前体制备等过程均会产生含硫酸钠与硫酸铵的高盐废水。研究高盐废水中硫酸铵的结晶动力学,并考察常见金属离子的影响规律对高盐废水处理具有重要意义。本文以含硫酸钠与硫酸铵混合溶液中硫酸铵的结晶过程为例,系统考察了硫酸铵的结晶动力学及铁、铝、锰、铬对硫酸铵结晶的影响规律。含硫酸钠与硫酸铵混合溶液硫酸铵结晶动力学研究结果表明,硫酸铵生长速率和成核速率方程分别为为B = 1.303 &times; 10~(-16)G1.069MT1.801,G = 15.708&sigma;1.387;在硫酸钠与硫酸铵混合体系中,溶液过饱和度影响硫酸铵成核及生长速率,溶液过饱和度减小,晶体的成核及生长速率都会减小,与单体系硫酸铵结晶动力学结果相比,动力学参数均有所下降。铁、铝、锰、铬对硫酸铵结晶的影响规律研究结果表明,铁、铝抑制了硫酸铵晶面生长,结晶粒度减小;锰、铬对硫酸铵结晶有一定的促进作用,结晶粒度增大。金属离子改变了硫酸铵晶习,锰使结晶呈现三棱柱状,铁、铝使硫酸铵结晶片状生长。不同金属离子条件下的结晶动力学方程表明,铁和铝对结晶成核过程作用更为显著,锰和铬可以促进硫酸铵生长过程。</p

(NH_4)_2SO_4和Na_2SO_4混合溶液中(NH_4)_2SO_4结晶动力学及铁/铝/锰/铬等离子对(NH_4)_2SO_4结晶的影响规律

湿法冶金、三元前体制备等过程均会产生含硫酸钠与硫酸铵的高盐废水。研究高盐废水中硫酸铵的结晶动力学,并考察常见金属离子的影响规律对高盐废水处理具有重要意义。本文以含硫酸钠与硫酸铵混合溶液中硫酸铵的结晶过程为例,系统考察了硫酸铵的结晶动力学及铁、铝、锰、铬对硫酸铵结晶的影响规律。含硫酸钠与硫酸铵混合溶液硫酸铵结晶动力学研究结果表明,硫酸铵生长速率和成核速率方程分别为为B = 1.303 × 10~(-16)G1.069MT1.801,G = 15.708σ1.387;在硫酸钠与硫酸铵混合体系中,溶液过饱和度影响硫酸铵成核及生长速率,溶液过饱和度减小,晶体的成核及生长速率都会减小,与单体系硫酸铵结晶动力学结果相比,动力学参数均有所下降。铁、铝、锰、铬对硫酸铵结晶的影响规律研究结果表明,铁、铝抑制了硫酸铵晶面生长,结晶粒度减小;锰、铬对硫酸铵结晶有一定的促进作用,结晶粒度增大。金属离子改变了硫酸铵晶习,锰使结晶呈现三棱柱状,铁、铝使硫酸铵结晶片状生长。不同金属离子条件下的结晶动力学方程表明,铁和铝对结晶成核过程作用更为显著,锰和铬可以促进硫酸铵生长过程

气液搅拌体系中宏观气含率的预测

采用压差法和电阻探针测定了空气-水混合体系的气含率,用扭矩仪测量扭矩和转速,计算输入功率.将气体分成进出停留气体A和内循环气体B两部分,建立宏观气含率的物理模型.结果表明,针对不同气液混合流型,将宏观气含率分成两个阶段是合理的,&epsilon;total=&alpha;Vs&beta;适用于气泛状态,&epsilon;total=&alpha;Vs&beta;+&chi;PV&gamma;Vs&theta;适用于载气和气体完全分散状态,对于DT+DT组合桨&alpha;=6,&beta;=1,&chi;=0.32,&gamma;=0.56,&theta;=1.模型对文献数据的预测较合理,且具有一定的适应性,&chi;取决于搅拌桨类型

气液搅拌体系中宏观气含率的预测

采用压差法和电阻探针测定了空气-水混合体系的气含率,用扭矩仪测量扭矩和转速,计算输入功率.将气体分成进出停留气体A和内循环气体B两部分,建立宏观气含率的物理模型.结果表明,针对不同气液混合流型,将宏观气含率分成两个阶段是合理的,&epsilon;total=&alpha;Vs&beta;适用于气泛状态,&epsilon;total=&alpha;Vs&beta;+&chi;PV&gamma;Vs&theta;适用于载气和气体完全分散状态,对于DT+DT组合桨&alpha;=6,&beta;=1,&chi;=0.32,&gamma;=0.56,&theta;=1.模型对文献数据的预测较合理,且具有一定的适应性,&chi;取决于搅拌桨类型.</p

铬铁矿硫酸酸解过程强化

针对铬铁矿硫酸酸解条件苛刻的难题,提出机械活化和氧化剂相结合强化铬铁矿硫酸酸解过程的新方法.以南非铬铁矿为原料,考察了液固比、硫酸浓度、机械活化、氧化剂加入量、温度等参数对铬浸出过程的影响,对铬铁矿硫酸酸解过程铬的浸出动力学进行了研究.结果表明,最佳浸出条件为:液固比2.4 m L/g,硫酸浓度80%(?),机械活化时间20 min,氧化剂加入量13%(?),温度120℃,浸出时间5 h,该条件下铬浸出率达92.36%.浸出过程符合未反应收缩核模型.</p

3-MCPD and Glycidyl Esters in Potato Chips Sold in Turkey

3-Kloropropan 1,2-diol (3-MCPD) maddesi gıda kaynaklı bulaşanlardandır. 3-MCPD, Avrupa Komisyonu'nun Gıda Bilimsel Komitesi tarafından genotoksik karsinojen olarak belirlenmiş ve İngiltere Gıda Danışma Komitesi tarafından gıda ve gıda maddelerinde minimum düzeylere indirilmesi önerilen proses tabanlı bulaşan olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, piyasadan elde edilen ve farklı markalardan alınan patates cipslerinin 3-MCPD esterleri ve glisidil esterlerinin miktarlarının belirlenmesidir. Patates cipslerinde bulunan 3-MCPD esterleri ve glisidil esterleri miktarları üzerine üretim yönteminin (markanın) ve kızartma amacıyla kullanılan yağ tipinin etkisi istatistiksel olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca ortalama vücut ağırlığına sahip bir bireyin, saptanan miktarlarda 3-MCPD esteri içeren patates cipsi tüketim sınırları ve tolere edilebilir günlük alım miktarları üzerinden hesaplanmıştır. Patates cipslerinin toplam 3MCPD esterleri ve glisidil esterleri miktarlarının belirlenmesi için DGF C VI 18(10) standart yöntemi kullanılmıştır. En yüksek 3-MCPD esterleri miktarı 2.97 mg/kg olarak B2 markasında (Örnekleme 1) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca en yüksek glisidil esterleri miktarı B2 markasında (Örnekleme 2) 6.01 mg/kg olarak tespit edilmiştir.3-Chloropropane 1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a food-based contaminant. 3-MCPD is declared as a genotoxic carcinogen formed in foods by the Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission and the UK Food Advisory Committee has recommended reducing its level to minimum in foods. The objective of this study is to determine 3MCPD esters and glycidyl esters contents of commercially available potato chips sold in Turkey. For this purpose, various brands of potato chips were obtained from local markets. The effects of production method (brands) and frying oil were investigated statistically based on the formation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in various brands of potato chips. Moreover, maximum consumption for potato chips was calculated based on tolerable daily intake of 3MCPD esters for individuals of average body weight. DGF C V 18 (10) standard method was used for determination of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in potato chips. Maximum value for 3-MCPD esters was 2.97 mg/kg in B2 brand (Sample Block 2). Also, the highest amount of glycidyl esters was determined as 6.01 mg/kg in B2 brand (Sample Block 2)