California Renewables Portfolio Standard And Its Experiences For China

在当今能源产业中，发展可再生能源技术，提高可再生能源产业比重是大势所趋。为支持和促进可再生能源发展，美国加州已经制定相对全面的能源政策体系，其中，可再生能源配额制(以下简称为“配额制”)是加州能源政策的重要组成部分。据此，本文从实证角度出发，采用辩证分析方法，探索加州配额制政策历史，充分研究加州配额制政策内容，分析加州配额制的成就与缺憾，并在此基础上为我国配额制的实施建言献策。 本文除引言和结语外，共分为四章。 第一章介绍加州配额制的背景情况。本章首先对配额制的概念、理论基础、 发展情况进行说明，紧接着探索并理清配额制在加州的出台背景及其发展过程， 为分析具体的配额制奠定坚实的现实根基...In the present energy industry,it is an irreversible trend to develop renewable energy technologies and increase the ratio of renewable energies. To support and facilitate the progress of renewable energy,California has built up a relatively thorough energy policy system,with renewables portfolio standard (RPS) as an important part. Accordingly,this paper adopts the method of dialectic analysis fr...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院_环境与资源保护法学学号：1362013115021

Regulation effect of exogenous nitric oxide on anti-oxidation system of Kandelia candel seedlings treated with NaCl

研究了外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)对NaCl处理下红树植物秋茄(Kan-deliacandel)幼苗叶片中抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化物质及脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明:NaCl处理下,秋茄幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等4种活性氧清除酶的活性均受到明显抑制(P<0.05),SNP可以不同程度地恢复SOD、POD、CAT的活性,但对APX活性影响不大;SNP提高谷胱甘肽(GSH)及类胡萝卜素(Car)的含量,促进脯氨酸含量的上升,显著降低叶片中过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)的累积。表明外源NO可以缓解NaCl处理诱导的秋茄幼苗叶片氧化损伤,降低膜脂过氧化水平,有利于秋茄适应盐生环境。By using sodium nitroprusside(SNP)as the donor of exogenous nitric oxide,this paper studied its effects on the antioxidant enzyme activities,anti-oxidation substances,and proline content in the leaves of Kandelia candel seedlings treated with NaCl.The results showed that after treated with NaCl,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)in K.candel seedling leaves were depressed significantly(P<0.05),while SNP could recover the activities of SOD,POD and CAT to different degrees but showed little effect on APX.SNP increased the contents of glutathione(GSH)and carotenoid(Car),promoted the production of proline,and decreased the accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)significantly.It was indicated that SNP could relieve the oxidation damages induced by NaCl via decreasing the level of membrane lipid peroxidation in K.candel leaves,and facilitate K.candel to adapt to saline environment.国家自然科学基金项目(30670317和39970438);; 厦门大学新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(0000-X07115)资

对比增强3D STIR SPACE序列对子宫内膜异位症患者骶丛神经异常的显示

目的探讨增强 3D STIR SPACE序列对盆腔子宫内膜异位症患者骶丛神经异常的显示价值，并与增强3D VIBE序列进行对比。方法病例组包括30名子宫内膜异位症患者，对照组包括20名健康女性，均接受盆腔MRI检查，包括对比增强3D STIR SPACE序列和增强3D VIBE序列。评估骶丛神经显示的图像质量以及子宫内膜异位症患者中的骶丛神经侵犯。结果对照组和病例组中，3D STIR SPACE序列和3D VIBE序列均能很好地显示骶丛神经纤维（P&lt;0.001）。阅片者应用3D-STIR-SPACE序列对病变的诊断信心分数一致性较强（Kappa=0.684，P&lt;0.001），应用3D-VIBE序列的诊断信心分数一致性一般（Kappa=0.130，P=0.386）。结论对比增强T2-SPACE序列和3D VIBE序列能够清晰显示骶丛神经，前者对盆腔子宫内膜异位症患者骶丛神经异常的显示更有优势

Lie symmetry and its generation of conserved quantity of Appell equation in a dynamical system of the relative motion with Chetaev-type nonholonomic constraints *

Lie symmetry and conserved quantity deduced from Lie symmetry of Appell equations in a dynamical system of relative motion with Chetaev-type nonholonomic constraints are studied. The differential equations of motion of the Appell equation for the system, the definition and criterion of Lie symmetry, the condition and the expression of generalized Hojman conserved quantity deduced from Lie symmetry for the system are obtained. The condition and the expression of Hojman conserved quantity deduced from special Lie symmetry for the system under invariable time are further obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results

螺内酯联合贝前列腺素钠对2型糖尿病肾病患者肾功能的影响

目的探讨贝前列素钠联合螺内酯治疗2型糖尿病肾病的临床研究。方法选取2型糖尿病肾病患者94例,按照随机数字表法随机分为观察组47例与对照组47例。对照组采取单用贝前列素钠治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合螺内酯联治疗。比较两组治疗前后尿素氮、血肌酐、24 h尿微量清蛋白(m ALB)和肾小球滤过率(GFR)变化。结果观察组总有效率(93.62%)高于对照组(72.34%)(P <0.05)。两组治疗后尿素氮和血肌酐水平均降低(P <0.05);观察组治疗后尿素氮和血肌酐水平低于对照组(P <0.05)。两组治疗后mALB降低而GFR上升(P <0.05);观察组治疗后m ALB低于对照组而GFR高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论贝前列素钠联合螺内酯治疗2型糖尿病肾病患者疗效显著,能改善患者肾功能

近海生态系统碳汇过程、调控机制及增汇模式

海洋是地球上最大的碳库,发挥着全球气候变化缓冲器的作用.蓝色碳汇,简称蓝碳,即由海洋生态系统捕获的碳(主要是有机碳),是海洋储碳的重要机制之一.; 蓝碳最初认识的形式是可见的海岸带植物固碳.其实之前没有得到足够重视的、看不见的微型生物(浮游植物、细菌、古菌、病毒、原生动物)占海洋生物量90%; 以上,是蓝碳的主要贡献者.中国陆架边缘海占国土总面积的1/3,碳汇潜力巨大,亟待研发.本文以近海生态系统碳汇过程、调控机制及增汇模式为主线,论述; 了近海生态系统结构与碳循环功能特征、碳汇形成过程与机理,并结合近海碳汇在沉积记录中的地史过程演变探讨了自然过程和人类活动对碳汇的可能影响,展望了; 碳汇工程在增加近海海洋储碳能力方面的应用前景.国家重大科学研究计划项目; 国家重点研发计划项目; 国家自然科学基金项目; 国家海洋局全球变化与海气相互作用专项项

Highly ionic-conductive crosslinked cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone)s as anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells

通讯作者地址: Zhang, QGAnion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have become one of the most promising energy conversion devices due to the potential of adopting non-noble metal catalysts and faster oxygen reduction reaction kinetics in an alkaline operating environment. Here, a series of anion exchange membranes with high ionic-conductivity and low swelling ratio were prepared from imidazolium-functionalized crosslinked cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone)s for AEMFCs. Two oligomers, tertiary amine-containing poly(arylene ether sullone) (PES-DA) and bromomethyl-containing poly(arylene ether sullone) (BPES), are synthesized and then mixed at -40 degrees C. They are spontaneously inter-crosslinked at room temperature to form dense anion exchange membranes (AEMs), in which the tertiary amine groups of PES-DA rapidly react with the bromomethyl groups of BPES to form the crosslinked bonds. This avoids the use of crosslinking agents and the expense of functional groups. The resulting membranes show a high hydroxide conductivity up to 82.4 mS cm(-1) at 80 degrees C and a slight swelling low to traditional AEMs due to its crosslinked network structure. An open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.82 V and a maximum power density of 92.1 mW cm(-2) are achieved in a H-2/O-2 single cell. The as-prepared membranes have a great potential for the application in AEMFCs.National Natural Science Foundation of China 21376194 Nature Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China 2014H0043 research fund for the Priority Areas of Development in Doctoral Program of Higher Education 2013012113000

Trisomy 21-induced Dysregulation of Microglial Homeostasis in Alzheimer’s Brains is Mediated by USP25

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease, AD）是一种最为常见的与记忆、认知能力退化相关的渐进性神经退行性疾病。唐氏综合征（Down’s syndrome, DS）是早发型阿尔茨海默病的一个重要风险因素，作为最常见的智力障碍遗传疾病，厦门大学医学院神经科学研究所王鑫教授团队揭示了治疗阿尔茨海默病和唐氏综合征新的治疗靶点，并且在小鼠模型上利用USP25小分子抑制剂成功地改善了阿尔茨海默病小鼠的认知功能，缓解了神经退行性病变的病理进程。该研究工作由王鑫教授指导完成，厦门大学医学院助理教授郑秋阳和博士生李桂林完成主要实验工作，王世华、朱琳、高月、邓青芳、张洪峰、张丽珊、吴美玲、狄安洁参与了部分研究工作。厦门大学医学院许华曦、赵颖俊和孙灏教授在研究过程中给予大力帮助和支持，清华大学董晨教授提供了Usp25基因敲除小鼠，厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院周裕林教授和郑良楷博士帮助收集了脑组织样品。Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, is the most significant risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, underlying mechanisms linking DS and AD remain unclear. Here, we show that triplication of homologous chromosome 21 genes aggravates neuroinflammation in combined murine DS-AD models. Overexpression of USP25, a deubiquitinating enzyme encoded by chromosome 21, results in microglial activation and induces synaptic and cognitive deficits, whereas genetic ablation of Usp25 reduces neuroinflammation and rescues synaptic and cognitive function in 5×FAD mice. Mechanistically, USP25 deficiency attenuates microglia-mediated proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and synapse elimination. Inhibition of USP25 reestablishes homeostatic microglial signatures and restores synaptic and cognitive function in 5×FAD mice. In summary, we demonstrate an unprecedented role for trisomy 21 and pathogenic effects associated with microgliosis as a result of the increased USP25 dosage, implicating USP25 as a therapeutic target for neuroinflammation in DS and AD.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871077, 81822014, and 81571176 to X.W.; 81701130 to Q.Z.), the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1305900 to X.W.), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (2017J06021 to X.W.), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities (20720150061 to X.W.), and the BrightFocus Foundation (A2018214F to Yingjun Zhao). 该研究工作得到国家重点研发计划项目、国家自然科学基金、福建省自然科学基金、厦门大学校长基金的资助和支持