Research progress on preparation, manipulation, and remote sensing applications of high-order orbital angular momentum of photons

光子既是经典信息也是量子信息的理想载体.单个光子不仅可以携带自旋角动量(与光波的圆偏振相关),还可以携带轨道角动量(与光波的螺旋相位相关).而轨道角动量的重要意义在于可利用单个光子的量子态构建一个高维的HIlbErT空间,从而实现高维量子信息的编码.自AllEn等于1992年确认光子轨道角动量的物理存在以来,轨道角动量在经典光学和量子光学领域展现了诸多诱人的应用前景,目前已成为国际光学领域的研究热点之一.本综述将着重介绍高阶轨道角动量光束的制备与调控技术,特别是高阶轨道角动量的量子纠缠态操控、旋转dOPPlEr效应测量及其在远程传感和精密测量技术中的应用.Photons are an ideal candidate for encoding both classical and quantum information.Besides spin angular momentum associated with circular polarization, single photon can also carry other fundamentally new degree of freedom of orbital angular momentum related to the spiral phase structure of light.The key significance of orbital angular momentum lies in its potential in realizing a high-dimensional Hilbert space and in encoding a high-dimensional quantum information.Since Allen et al.[Allen L, Beijersbergen M W, Spreeuw R J C, Woerdman J P 1992 Phys.Rev.A 45 8185] recognized the physical reality of photon orbital angular momentum in 1992, rapidly growing interest has been aroused in orbital angular momentum(OAM) from both classical and quantum points of view.Here we present an overall review on the high-order orbital angular momentum of photon, including its preparation and manipulation based on some specific techniques and also its applications.The spatial light modulator is a commercial device that has been widely employed to generate the OAM beams.We make and identify the optical OAM superposition with very high quantum numbers up to ? = 360.Recently, the metallic spiral phase mirrors were also developed to produce high-order OAM beams up to ? = 5050.In addition, the Q-plates made of anisotropic and inhomogeneous liquid crystals were invented to generate high-order OAM beams in a polarization-controllable manner, and the OAM superposition of? = ±50 were achieved.Owing to high rotational symmetry, these high OAM beams have been found to have more and more important applications in the fields of high-sensitivity sensing and high-precision measurements.Two fascinating examples are discussed in detail.The first example is that the research group led by Prof.Zeilinger has prepared and observed the quantum entanglement of high orbital angular momenta up to ? = ±300 by the technique of polarizationOAM entanglement swapping, and they demonstrated that the angular resolution could be significantly improved by a factor of ?.Their result was the first step for entangling and twisting even macroscopic, spatially separated objects in two different directions.The second example is that the research group led by Prof.Padgett has demonstrated an elegant experiment of rotational Doppler effects for visible light with ? = ±20 OAM superposition.They showed that a spinning object with an optically rough surface might induce a Doppler effect in light reflected from the direction parallel to the rotation axis, and the frequency shift was proportional to both the disk's angular speed and the optical OAM.The potential applications in noncontact measurement of angular speed and in significant improvement of angular resolution for remote sensing will be particularly fascinating.国家自然科学基金(批准号:11104233;11474238); 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(批准号:NCET-13-0495); 福建省杰出青年基金(批准号:2015J06002); 福建省高等学校新世纪优秀人才支持计划; 厦门大学校长基金(批准号:2012121015)资助的课题~

Optical System Design of Shelter Holographic Sight

在折叠紧凑匹配型全息瞄准器的光学系统基础上设计了一种新型潜式激光全息瞄准器。瞄准器的核心部分是由两个衍射匹配的全息光学元件和光学拐角辅助系统组成。阐述了潜式全息瞄准器的原理、设计方案及制作方法。通过实验与分析说明了该系统能实现拐弯射击的功能,达到隐蔽射击的效果。Based on the optical system of compact matching holographic sight,a novel shelter holographic sight is proposed.The core of this equipment includes two parts.One part is the diffraction matching holographic optical elements,the other is the corner-turning optical auxiliary system.The holographic sight theory,the designing plan and the manufacturing method are introduced.Meanwhile,experiments and analysis on this system show that this optical system satisfies the corner shooting function without exposure.福建省自然科学基金(2012J01285

通用引物鉴定野鸟源禽流感病毒HA亚型

准确、方便快捷的禽流感病毒亚型鉴定方法对于野鸟流感病毒感染与流行状况的调查监测是十分必要的。本研究参照Phipps L P等人建立的通用引物RT-PCR HA亚型鉴定方法,分别对已知为H1、H2、H3、H4、H6和H11亚型的22株野鸟流感病毒毒株以及6株未知亚型的野鸟流感病毒毒株进行了HA亚型分型的验证性试验。即利用1对通用引物对所有病毒样品进行RT-PCR扩增,将各PCR产物进行核苷酸序列测定并与GenBank上参考毒株序列进行同源性比较,以确定其HA亚型。BLAST分析显示,22株已知亚型毒株的PCR扩增产物的序列测定结果与GenBank公布的相应亚型毒株序列比较其核苷酸序列同源性均在99%～87%之间,而6株未知亚型的野鸟流感病毒毒株测得的核苷酸序列经BLAST比对分别确立为1株H4、1株H5、2株H7、2株H11亚型。利用该通用引物HA亚型鉴定方法对于已知亚型所获得的鉴定结果均与实验室原亚型鉴定结果一致,对于未知亚型能准确的确定其HA的亚型。因此相较于其他HA亚型鉴定方法,该方法简便易行,更适合于野鸟流感病毒的亚型鉴定