Response of phytoplankton to nutrients addition in the upwelling regions of the Taiwan Strait

2006年6月在台湾海峡近岸上升流区通过表层水体营养盐添加的现场培养实验,研究该海区营养盐限制情况及其浮游植物水华产生的主要影响因素。对营养盐,叶绿素a浓度和浮游植物细胞丰度进行了测定,结果表明,实验中不存在明显的硅限制;氮磷营养盐均存在明显的限制,且氮限制情况更为严重。营养盐添加后,冰河拟星杆藻(Asterionellopsis glacialis)等硅藻迅速生长成为优势藻种,其对氮磷的利用机制有所不同。对氮营养盐采取吸收后迅速同化利用,相较于硝酸盐的补充,氨氮补充条件下优势硅藻更易迅速生长并迅速死亡;对磷营养盐的利用则由于体内磷库的存在,采用迅速吸收后贮存在体内慢慢消耗的利用机制。氮营养盐的补充是上升流期间浮游植物水华产生的主要因素。 【英文摘要】 In situ incubation experiments of nutrients addition to surface water from the upwelling region in the Taiwan Strait were conducted to investigate nutrient limitation of this area and the main factors that caused the phytoplankton bloom in June,2006.Variation of nutrients,Chl-a concentration and phytoplankton species density were analyzed.The results showed no clear limitation by silicon,however clear nitrogen and phosphate limitations were found,and nitrogen limitation was more serious than phosphate limit...国家自然科学重点基金资助项目(40331004)~

台湾海峡北部冬季水文特性对叶绿素a分布变化的作用

国家自然科学基金重点资助项目!49636220

Assessment on present status and quality of sediment in Xiamen shore bay

以福建省污染基线调查中沉积物的部分要素测定结果为依据 ,较系统地描述了厦门港湾沉积物中污染物的分布特征 ,并对其污染状况及环境质量进行了分析和评价。为厦门沿岸沉积物污染的防护和控制提供科学依据The status and quality in sediment in Xiamen shore bay are discussed according to date from the baseline study of ocean contamination in Xiamen. The systematical report on the sedimentary characteristics, distribution features and environmental factors was made. The results will provide the scientific basis for both prevention and controlling of sedimentary pollution in Xiamen Province

CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil

用不同的前驱物合成了三种CaO催化剂,并以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、程序升温脱附(TPD)等方法加以表征.这些CaO被用作大豆油(SBO)经酯交换制取脂肪酸甲酯(FAME),即生物柴油的催化剂,由方解石制备的氧化钙(Cal(N))表现了最好的SBO酯交换活性.检测发现CaO的酯交换活性与它们的碱性强度密切相关,当暴露于CO2气氛下,显著降低了CaO的酯交换催化活性(Raman光谱测试显示当置CaO于常温空气中,其表面形成的CaCO3和Ca(OH)2将阻止CaO继续参与SBO的酯交换反应).CO2的毒化颇受制于CaO前驱体种类,Cal(N)比来自文石的CaO(即Ara(N))有更好的抗CO2毒化能力;这些受损的CaO催化活性可部分复原.提出了CaO催化剂受CO2毒化及其再生的机理,同时讨论了SBO酯交换活性相到底是CaO固体表面,拟或溶解了的CaO的问题.Three different calcium oxide catalysts were synthesized from different precursors and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). They were used as catalysts in the transesterification of soybean oil (SBO) for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), namely biodiesel. Calcium oxide from calcite (Cal(N)) showed the highest activity towards the transesterification of SBO. The transesterification activity of CaO was found to be highly related to the basicity of the catalysts. The catalytic activity of CaO greatly decreased when CaO was exposed to CO2. (Raman spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the formation of CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 on the surface of CaO when CaO was exposed to room air prevented CaO from participating in the transesterification of SBO). The degree of poisoning was highly dependent on the type of precursors with Cal(N) more resistant to CO2 poisoning than CaO from aragonite (Ara(N)). Deactivated CaO catalysts could be partially regenerated. A mechanism was proposed to explain the poisoning and regenerating processes. Furthermore, whether the solid phase of CaO or dissolved CaO was the active species in the transesterification of SBO was also investigated.教育部生物质能源重大项目(教技司(2007)29号文);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室资

Preparation of Morphology-Tuned γ-MnO_2 and Catalytic Performance for the Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Toluene

通过在回流法制备流程中引入CTAb(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)、PEg6000(聚乙二醇6000)及P123(聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物)等表面活性剂对γ-MnO2催化剂进行形貌控制,同时采用X射线衍射(Xrd)、扫描电镜(SEM)、n2吸附(bET)、热重分析(TgA)、O2程序升温脱附(O2-TPd)以及H2程序升温还原(H2-TPr)等技术对不同形貌γ-MnO2的结构、氧脱附及还原性能进行表征,并考察了其在常压和无溶剂条件下甲苯选择性氧化反应体系的催化特性.同时,对于陈化时间对形貌的影响作用进行了考察.结果表明:不同形貌的γ-MnO2的氧化还原特征及催化活性存在显著差异,其中在经PEg6000进行修饰的γ-MnO2中含有较多的阴离子空位及混合价态,因此有助于分子氧在表面的活化,具有较高的表面比活性;而经P123进行表面修饰的γ-MnO2成晶结构规整、比表面积大,对甲苯液相直接氧化反应则表现出最佳的质量比活性,甲苯转化率达18.1%,含氧化合物总选择性为87.4%,其中苯甲酸的选择性达到73.2%.Introducing surfactants including hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB),macrogol 6000 (PEG6000),and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) triblock copolymer (P123) into the refluxing aqueous crystal nucleus slurry yielded morphology-tuned microcrystalline γ-MnO2.γ-MnO2 and the influence of surfactant modification were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),N2 adsorption (BET),thermogravimetry analysis (TGA),O 2 temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD),and temperature programmed H2 reduction (H 2-TPR).Surfactants led to differences in γ-MnO2 morphology,surface area,oxygen desorption behavior and reducibility.The effect of reflux time on catalyst morphology is discussed.The catalytic performance of γ-MnO2 during the solvent-free atmospheric oxidation of toluene was evaluated.PEG6000 modified γ-MnO2 exhibited the highest catalytic activity judging by surface area because of a greater mixed valency and more anion vacancies.The greatest mass specific activity was obtained for P123 modified γ-MnO2 with the largest surface area.Optimized reaction conditions yielded an 18.1% toluene conversion,and 87.4 and 73.2% total selectivity and selectivity for benzoic acid,respectively.国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973)(2010CB226903)资助~

CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil

Three different calcium Oxide catalysts were synthesized from different precursors and characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ternperature-programmed desorption (TPD). They were used as catalysts in the transesterification of soybean oil (SBO) for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), namely biodiesel. Calcium oxide front calcite (Cal(N)) showed the highest activity towards the transesterification of SBO. The transesterification activity of CaO was found to be highly related to the basicity of the catalysts. The catalytic activity of CaO greatly decreased when CaO was exposed to CO, (Raman spectroscopic Studies demonstrated that the formation of CaCO3 and Ca(OH)(2) oil the surface of CaO when CaO was exposed to room air prevented CaO from participating in the transesterification of SBO). The degree of poisoning was highly dependent on the type of precursors with Cal(N) more resistant to CO., poisoning than CaO from aragonite (Ara(N)). Deactivated CaO catalysts could he partially regenerated. A mechanism was proposed to explain the poisoning and regenerating processes. Furthermore, whether the solid phase of CaO or dissolved CaO wits the active species in the transesterification of SBO was also investigated

化学镀制备镍包覆BN陶瓷颗粒的工艺参数与优化

在以肼为还原剂的化学镀新体系制备镍包覆六方BN陶瓷颗粒的实验研究基础上,进行了小试和扩大试验,并用网络化的神经网络-遗传算法对这些包覆工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明:在固定硫酸镍和肼质量比的条件下,用肼化学镀镍制备包覆BN粉体的最佳工艺条件为:添加剂(NH4)2SO4质量浓度为5g/L,温度为345K,每100mL溶液中加入9mL氨水,表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠用量为0.5ml/L。所制备的镍包覆完全的氮化硼粉体基本符合用于制备涡轮发动机部件的自磨耗封严涂层的要求。与此同时还预报了各因素对镀层的影响,实验结果与预报相比较,两者吻合很好

Assessment on present status of pollution in marine economic organisms from several harbors and bays in Fujian

本文以福建省海洋污染基线调查中部分经济生物污染要素含量的测定结果为依据 ,探讨了福建省近岸港湾海洋经济生物中污染物含量的特征 ,并进行污染现状评价 .其数据和研究结果可为福建省沿岸海洋生物资源和环境的保护提供科学的依据 .According to the determination results of pollution parameters in several marine economic organisms from the pollution baseline survey in Fujian,the concentration characteristics of pollutants in marine economic organisms from several harbors and bays in Fujian are discussed and the assessment of present status is made. These data and results may provide scientific basis for preventing and controlling pollution of marine biological resource along Fujian coast.福建省海洋污染基线调查专项基金资助项

中空纤维镍基板电化学浸渍动力学分析

为合理控制浸渍时间和提高浸渍质量，在实验室研究的基础上，对中空纤维镍基板的电化学浸渍和特殊电化学浸渍的增重动力学进行了探讨，分析了浸渍过程机制，提出了浸渍过程动力学的三段控速机制，即化学反应．化学反应与扩散混合．扩散控速，并推导出了其数学表达式。用这三段控速的数学表达式，处理了基板增重随浸渍时间变化的实验数据。结果表明：基板浸渍增重规律与三段控速的机制相一致，且改变实验条件，如增加电流密度或浸渍前对基板进行真空预处理，只是提高了浸渍反应速率，缩短了相应的浸渍前期和中期的反应时间

A study of multi-diel variation of chlorophyll a in southern part of Taiwan shoal

1997年 8月 ,在台湾浅滩南部的 970 1和 970 4测站对叶绿素a的多周日变化进行了研究。结果表明 ,叶绿素a的垂直分布结构可分为三部分 :上均匀层 ,下均匀层 ,高含量层。上均匀层和下均匀层的叶绿素a含量低 ,且无明显的周日变化。在高含量层中 ,叶绿素a含量最高 ,其平均值具有明显的周日变化 ,峰值均出现在每天的 12 :0 0或 15:0 0 ,而夜间则最低 ,叶绿素a的这一周日变化与潮汐现象不密切 ,认为与浮游动物的摄食有关 ,另一个可能的原因是浮游植物细胞内叶绿素a浓度的变化。而高含量层中各层叶绿素a的周日变化与叶绿素a最大值的垂直移动有关。叶绿素a高含量层存在的周期性上下移动现象 ,是潮汐作用的结果。叶绿素a高含量层厚度与温跃层强度呈密切反相关关系。In situ investigation of multi diel variation of chlorophyll a was conducted in the southern part of Taiwan shoal during August 1997. The results showed that the profiles of chlorophyll a were composed of three parts: upper homogeneous layer(UH), lower homogeneous layer(UL) and high chlorophyll a layer(HL). The daily change of chlorophyll a arerage content occurred mainly in HL, and not related to tidal motion. The chlorophyll a peaks at 12:00 or 15:00 in daytime, and the minimum in nighttime may be related to zooplankton grazing and intercellular variations of phytoplankton chlorophyll.And the periodic vertical move ment of HL result from the tidel motion. The HL thickness was closely in contrary relation to thermocline strength.国家自然科学基金重点项目!资助(49636220号