以位元取代為基礎之數為浮水印強韌性探討

出版單位:National computer symposiu

基于气溶胶质谱的二次有机气溶胶识别

二次有機氣溶膠(SOA)是大氣氣溶膠十分重要的組成部分,也是目前人們認識最為薄弱的氣溶膠組分.由于有機氣溶膠化學組成的復雜性,對SOA進行有效的識別和估算一直是國際氣溶膠研究領域的熱點和難點問題.本研究嘗試使用一種新方法來定量識別深圳冬季大氣中的SOA:利用氣溶膠質譜儀在線觀測的高時間分辨率優勢和質譜中的特征碎片離子,應用正定矩陣因子解析(PMF)模型對細粒子組分的主要來源進行解析,識別出其中的二次有機物.結果表明:深圳冬季大氣細粒子中SOA濃度平均為9.41±6.33μg/m3,占總有機物質量的39.9±21.8%;相比于一次有機氣溶膠(POA),SOA濃度水平變化較為平緩,體現了區域性二次污染物的特征.SOA/BC比值具有鮮明的日變化規律,且與Ox(O3+NO2)的日變化規律相似,說明SOA的生成過程顯著地受控于大氣光化學活性.深圳冬季大氣SOA生成最活躍的時段約為9～15時,期間SOA/BC比值增長了122%.本文為研究我國大氣二次有機氣溶膠提供了一種新的技術方法和思路. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is one of the major components of aerosols in the atmosphere and has not been well understood so far. Due to the complex chemical composition of organic aerosols, the identification of SOA has been a hotspot and difficult issue in the field of aerosol study. This study attempts to quantitatively identify SOA in winter of Shenzhen based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. Major sources were resolved and SOA was identified subsequently according to the characteristic ion fragments measured by highly time-resolved aerosol mass spectrometer measurement. It showed that in the winter of Shenzhen the average SOA concentration was 9.41 +/- 6.33 mu g/m(3), accounting for 39.9 +/- 21.8% of the total organic mass. Compared with primary organic aerosol (POA), the SOA concentrations had no large variation, suggestive of characteristics of regional secondary pollutants. The ratio of SOA/BC had pronounced diurnal variation, similar to that of O (x) (O(3)+NO(2)), indicating SOA formation was significantly controlled by activity of photochemistry in the atmosphere. The most effective period for SOA formation was from 9 am similar to 3 pm since the SOA/BC ratio increased by 122% during this period. This study provides a new technical method and a new idea for SOA investigation

基于隐结构法的慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期常见证候要素的研究

目的 运用隐结构法提取慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期常见证候要素。方法 用统一制定的临床信息采集表收集慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期病人的症状信息, 建立数据库并进行数据的录入与预处理, 用隐结构法分析数据, 并结合中医专业知识对获得的隐结构模型进行诠释。结果 慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期隐结构模型中共计有30个隐变量和70个隐类, 经结合专业知识诠释, 初步获取有意义的隐类23个。慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期涉及的病位类证候要素为:肺、脾、肾、胃、心, 病性类证候要素为:阴虚、阳虚、气虚、痰 (湿) 、血瘀、气滞、热。结论 通过隐结构法分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的前瞻性无监督数据发现, 隐结构法的模型构建与中医理论有相似之处, 且比有监督的数据分析有更好的客观性。本研究为进一步建立慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的证候诊断标准提供了依据。Objective To find out the common syndrome factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at stable stage by applying latent structure method.Methods The symptom information were collected from the patients with COPD at stable stage by using a unified collection table of clinical information, and then a database was established, in which the data were imputed and retreated.All data were analysed with latent structure method, and the constructed latent structure model of COPD was interpreted based on professional knowledge of Chinese Medicine.Results There were totally 30 latent variables and 70 latent categories in the latent structure model of COPD at stable stage.After the interpretation with professional knowledge, there were 23 significant latent categories obtained.The syndrome factors related to diseases locations of COPD at stable stage included lung, spleen, kidney, stomach and heart.The syndrome factors related to disease nature included yin deficiency, yang deficiency, qi deficiency, phlegm (dampness) , blood stasis, qi stagnation and heat.Conclusion The results of analysis on the prospective non-supervising data of COPD at stable stage indicate that the modeling by latent structure method is similar to TCM theory, and have a higher objective compared with the analysis on supervising data.The research has given some supports for working out the diagnostic standard of COPD at stable stage

基于隐结构法的更年期综合征常见证候要素的研究

目的 运用隐结构法提取更年期综合征的常见证候要素。方法 通过多中心、大样本的临床流行病学调查, 获取更年期综合征患者的临床四诊信息, 按照隐结构法的基本原则进行分析, 构建隐结构模型, 并在此基础上结合中医专业知识对所获模型进行诠释说明, 提取该疾病的常见证候要素。结果 获取了1584例更年期综合征患者的临床数据, 经数据预处理选择113个显变量, 构建了该疾病的隐结构模型, 共得到53个隐变量, 120个隐类, 在结合专业知识进行诠释的基础上, 获取67个具有辨证意义的隐类。提取更年期综合征常见证候要素22个, 其中病位类证候要素为肝、肾、心、脾、胃、胆、胞宫7个;病性类证候要素为阴虚、阳虚、气虚、血虚、津亏、精亏、气滞、血瘀、血热、热 (火) 、寒、湿、痰、饮、水停15个。结论 隐结构法借助于数学原理, 通过分析可直接被观察到的“显变量”, 挖掘背后左右其的“隐变量”, 并依据隐变量将事物进行分类, 这种模式恰好与中医临床辨证思维基本吻合, 为中医证候研究提供了一种切合的数据分析方法。Objective To extract the common syndrome factors of menopausal syndrome (MPS) by using latent structure method.Methods The clinical information of TCM four examinations were collected from patients with MPS by applying multi-center, large sample and epidemiological investigation.The information were analysed according to the basic principle of latent structure method and latent structure model was established.The common syndrome factors were extracted after explaining the obtained model combined with TCM knowledge.Results The clinical data were collected from 1 584 patients with MPS.After data pre-treatment, 113 manifest variables were chosen for establishing latent structure model and then 53 latent variables and 120 latent categories were obtained.On the base of explain combined with TCM knowledge, there were 67 latent categories having syndrome differentiation significance, and 22 common syndrome factors of MPS being extracted.Among them there were 7 factors related to disease locations including liver, kidney, heart, spleen, stomach, gallbladder and uterus, and 15 factors related to disease nature including yin deficiency, yang deficiency, qi deficiency, blood deficiency, fluid deficiency, essence deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stasis, blood-heat, heat (fire) , cold, dampness, phlegm, retained fluid and water retention.Conclusion The latent structure method, by using mathematical principles, mines latent variables through analyzing manifest variables and classify things based on latent variables.This model is similar to TCM thinking of clinical syndrome differentiation, and provides a corresponding data analysis method for TCM syndrome study

聚集诱导发光

聚集诱导发光(AIE)是唐本忠院士于2001年提出的一个科学概念,是指一类在溶液中不发光或者发光微弱的分子聚集后发光显著增强的现象。高效固态发光的AIE材料有望从根本上解决有机发光材料面临的聚集导致发光猝灭难题,具有重大的实际应用价值。从分子内旋转受限到分子内运动受限,从聚集诱导发光到聚集体科学,AIE领域已经取得了许多原创性的成果。在本综述中,我们从AIE材料的分类、机理、概念衍生、性能、应用和挑战等方面讨论了AIE领域最近取得的显著进展。希望本综述能激发更多关于分子聚集体的研究,并推动材料、化学和生物医学等学科的进一步交叉融合和更大发展。 Aggregation-induced emission (AIE), conceptually coined by Prof. Ben Zhong Tang in 2001, refers to a unique photophysical phenomenon non- or weakly emissive luminogens in dilute solutions emit intensely upon aggregation. AIE can solve the aggregation-caused quenching problem that traditional fluorophores are suffering from and hold great technological values for practical applications. The past 20 years have witnessed the rapid development of AIE research, from the restriction of intramolecular rotations to restriction of intramolecular motions, and from AIE to aggregate science, and many original results have been achieved. In this review, we summarize the advances in the field of AIE and its related areas. We specifically discuss the recent progress in AIE area, including material classification, mechanism, concept derivation, property, applications, and challenges. It is hoped that this review will inspire more research into the molecular aggregate level and make significant advances in materials, chemistry and biological sciences