[[alternative]]An Investigation on Implementation of Guidelines of Mathematics Learning Areain Grade 1-9 Curriculum for junior high school

[[abstract]]The purposes of this study are: 1. Understanding the situation of the junior high school Mathematics Learning Area teachers’ comprehension and appraisal toward “School Course Plan and Impetus”. 2. Investigating the situation of the junior high school Mathematics Learning Area teachers’ comprehension and appraisal toward “Implement of Mathematics Learning Area”. 3. Arranging the results, offering the information to the educational competent authority and administrative unit of the school, as a reference of policy making, policy amending, teaching strategy making of Mathematics teachers and relevant research. The study adopts questionnaire investigation, the population is based on the Mathematics teachers in public junior high school in Taiwan. Its tool is self-made “the questionnaire of implementation conditions of the curriculum guidelines of mathematics learning area in junior high school”. The study is analyzed by SPSS 8.01 for Windows, and the outcome is presented below: 1. The junior high school Mathematics Learning Area teachers’ comprehension and appraisal in all aspects toward the implement of Mathematics Learning Area : (1) The junior high school Mathematics Learning Area teachers are inclined to reach consistent agreement toward “school course plan and impetus”. But in the three aspects: “course plan”, “course practice” and “accessory practice”, they have the highest identification toward “course practice”, and the lowest one is “accessory practice” (2) The junior high school Mathematics Learning Area teachers are inclined to reach consistent agreement toward “Practice of Mathematics Learning Area”. they have the highest identification toward “teaching concept”, and the lowest one is “teaching practice”. 2. The outcome of different background variable Mathematics teachers’ appraisal toward “the Assessment of School Course Plan and Impetus” and “the Assessment of Implement of Mathematics Learning Area”: (1) The situation of comprehension and appraisal toward “School Course Plan and Impetus”: There is marked difference considering the administrative district where the schools located. But there are no marked differences considering the gender, the number of classes, the best educational background, teaching seniority, graduating from the pre-vocational training education institution, and the subjects they teach or match. (2) The situation of comprehension and appraisal toward “Implement of Mathematics Learning Area”: There are marked differences considering the administrative district where the schools located, the pre-vocational education institution where they receive the training, compiling the supplementary materials or not, and working as a member of the Committee of School Development or not. But there are no marked differences considering the gender, the number of classes, the best educational background, teaching seniority, and the subjects they teach or match. Based on the research conclusions, concrete suggestions for educational practice and future research are submitted in the last sections.

台灣中小企業企業成長策略：以S公司為個案研究

台灣建築歷史的早期建材選擇主要依賴自然材料，這些材料便於取得且成本較低，但隨著時間的推移，這些傳統建材的耐久性與穩定性逐漸顯示出其局限性。隨著科技進步，化學建材逐步取代傳統建材，成為提升結構強度、延長材料壽命的重要選擇，並擴大應用範圍。 化學建材作為建築產業的重要領域，應用範圍日益廣泛，包括填縫材料、接著劑、樹脂、防水、防熱、防火、塗料、止滑、保護、媒介、地板材、伸縮縫、美裝、添加劑等，各領域仍具備發展與創新空間。隨著全球經濟發展與科技進步，建築材料的選擇已不僅關注功能與成本，更強調環保、能源效率與智慧應用。新材料、新技術與新工法的不斷研發，使得傳統材料與 舊工法逐漸被取代，推動建材朝向高效率、高經濟、美觀且環保的方向發展。 本研究以1983年創立的S公司為案例，探討企業在化學建材產業的發展歷程與挑戰。S公司深耕化學建材市場40多年，透過技術積累與市場應用，成功參與多項台灣指標性建築工程，並實踐「為每一棟建築 連結安全與美好」的企業使命。公司初期專注於SUNIKU系列產品的研發、生產與推廣，秉持「讓品質為我們說話」的核心理念，並在成長階段透過代理國際品牌，推動技術創新與市場擴展。 然而，隨著企業規模擴張與市場競爭加劇，S公司面臨許多挑戰，包括代理權、缺工、新產品(第二成長曲線)推廣以及接班等問題。這些挑戰在企業發展過程中相當普遍，且每一個問題都對公司的未來成長和競爭力產生深遠影響。 透過對S公司的發展策略分析，我們可以看出，隨著市場需求和環境的變化，創新和轉型將成為企業成長的關鍵。希望本篇分析不僅能為S公司提供清楚的成長方向，也能為其他中小企業提供寶貴的參考，幫助他們克服當前挑戰，實現可持續的發展和長期競爭力

竹南農場參觀記

[[issue]]12

給學妹的一封信

[[issue]]11

高雄地區高中教師靈性健康及其相關因素之研究

[[abstract]]本研究旨在探討高雄縣市地區高中教師之靈性健康情形及其相關影響因素，採用問卷調查法，以研究者自編的「高中教師靈性健康量表」為研究工具，隨機抽取高雄地區高中教師為樣本，共發出問卷609份，有效卷568份，可用率為93.57%。資料以SPSS for 10.0套裝軟體進行描述性統計、t檢定、單因子單變量變異數分析、單因子多變量變異數分析及薛費氏事後比較法等統計方法處理。研究發現如下：一、高雄地區高中教師靈性健康情形應屬良好。二、不同背景之高中教師其靈性健康有部分差異。三、年齡較長、有宗教信仰及生命教育研習時數較多的高中教師，在整體與部分層面之靈性健康均顯著較佳。四、不同性別、教學年資較資深、婚姻狀態及子女數的高中教師，在整體靈性健康上沒有顯著差異，但在部分層面上達顯著差異。五、不同任教科目、任教職務、學校屬性及家人健康狀態的高中教師，在整體及分層面之靈性健康均沒有顯著差異。根據本研究之發現，分別對教師、學校及教育行政單位，以及後續研究之建議

台灣地區生死學相關學位論文之分析

[[abstract]]本研究旨在檢視國內生死學相關學位論文之研究情形、問題與可能之趨勢，提出生死學研究之建議，以促進學門之發展。主採文獻分析與內容分析法，蒐集截至二００二年底為止之生死學相關學位論文，共三百二十三篇。主要的研究發現如下：一、自一九七０年代已有相關的學位論文出現，增加之速度稱快，至一九九０年代更為明顯，南華大學生死所自二０００年起有研究生畢業，整體生死學學位論文增加快速，三年累積的論文數量，即達五十三篇之多。二、碩士論文有二百九十五篇（91.331%）、博士論文二十八篇（8.669%）。三、就主題而言：本研究歸納出十項生死學相關領域，其中以「生死心理」、「生死哲學觀」、「自殺」、「臨終關懷」與「生死教育」為多（均10％以上），而較少的為「生死社會觀」、「悲傷輔導」、「生死禮俗」、「生死宗教觀」及「其他」。四、就研究方法而言：以質的研究法為多（197篇，61.0%）、次為量的（88篇，27.35﹪）、再次為質量並用（34篇，10.5%）。五、就學位論文之系所背景而言：含南華大學生死所共有六十個系所，其中以「醫護衛教公共衛生」相關系所（54篇，16.715%）為最多，其次為南華大學生死所論文（53篇，16.409﹪）、「教育」相關系所（39篇，12.074%）、「心理輔導與諮商」相關系所（32篇，9.907%），以及「哲學研究所」（26篇，8.049%）為多，甚或有建築與統計方面的系所加入生死學的探討。整體學位論文之評析與建議為：一、生死學理論基礎的研究，尚待努力充實；二、少數論文，有不符學術倫理與嚴謹性的情形；三、文字撰述的基本要求，有些仍尚待加強（如文字結構、用字、斷句、標點符號等）；四、有些論文摘要不夠精簡、關鍵字不夠精確；五、研究主題宜配合社會問題與發展，開創學門新主題，勿只做更換變項或對象之簡便操作；六、宜開發博士生對生死學主題的研究

Establishment of Baseline Susceptibility and Molecular Technique of Resistance Prediction to Various Insecticides for Taiwan Rice Insect Pests

Chilo suppressalis Walker, Sesamia infereus Walker and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee are the major rice insect pests which occur all over the Taiwan and threaten the production and quality of rice. Although many different strategies have been applied in pest management, chemical control is still the most common way used by farmers. Over-use or misuse of insecticides has made the recommended insecticides lose their efficacy and made the farmers use higher amount of insecticides or use mixed and forbidden insecticides, which not only cause insecticide resistance but also pollute and damage our environment. To avoid over-use or misuse of insecticides by farmers, we plant to establish the base-line susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis, Sesamia infereus and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to their recommended insecticides, screen alternative insecticides, and develop a high-throughput molecular technique to predict the resistance-developed trend of Chilo suppressalis to carbofuran and other acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. For the past three years, we had accomplish the base-line susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis and Sesamia infereus to their recommended insecticides, and provided the chemical control strategies for both rice pests. In addition, we also determined and compared the AChE gene sequencies of susceptible and carbofuran-resistant Chilo suppressalis, and identified a point mutation that is related to carbofuran resistance. In this year's project, we will continue to establish the baseline susceptibility of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, ensure the relationship between His/Pro mutation of Chilo suppressalis AChE and the resistance of carbofuran, then use this mutation frequencies to predict the resistance development of Chilo suppressalis to carbofuran. At final, we will integrate all the results and provide an efficient pest control and resistance management strategies to avoid or delay the development of insecticide resistance, reduce the amount of insecticides used and last the usage life of insecticides.二化螟、大螟與瘤野螟是近年來發生較嚴重的水稻害蟲，其蹤跡遍佈台灣全省，嚴重威脅水稻的產量與品質。雖然目前有各種不同的害蟲管理策略，但不可諱言化學藥劑仍是害蟲防治最主要的方法。然而長期過量或不當的使用殺蟲劑，已使大多數常用藥劑失去原有的防治效果，致使農民必須以更高劑量的藥劑、任意混合藥劑或以來路不明的藥劑來取代原有的防治藥劑而使農藥管理問題更趨嚴重複雜，同時也引發抗藥性、農藥殘留與環境污染等問題。為了避免農民因推薦農藥的防治效果降低而超量或錯誤的使用殺蟲藥劑，本計畫擬建立二化螟、大螟與瘤野螟等三種主要水稻害蟲對常用殺蟲劑之感受性基準線資料，再根據世界抗藥性防治委員會的殺蟲劑分類法篩選可以交替或輪流使用的防治藥劑，並進一步研發快速預測抗藥性發展趨勢的分子檢測技術來監測此三種水稻害蟲的抗藥性發展動態，以確實掌握田間用藥與害蟲抗藥性發展的實際狀況。過去三年我們已完成二化螟與大螟在台灣西部地區的危害分布、對常用防治藥劑之感受性基準線資料與抗藥性發展分析，並提供二化螟與大螟的藥劑防治策略。另外亦完成感性與抗加保扶二化螟之乙醯膽鹼酯酶基因的序列鑑定與比較，並找出可能與加保扶抗藥性相關的基因點突變。因此，本年度計畫將繼續建立瘤野螟對常用殺蟲劑之感受性基準線資料，以及確認二化螟乙醯膽鹼酯酶His/Pro點突變與加保扶抗藥性的關係，並利用此點突變發生頻率預測二化螟對加保扶的抗藥性發展趨勢。最後彙整所有的研究結果，研擬一套持久有效的害蟲防治與抗藥性管理策略，作為提供農民、顧問與植物保護專家的防治參考，以避免或延緩害蟲抗藥性的產生，減少殺蟲劑的使用量與延長殺蟲劑的使用壽命，並達到持久有效的水稻害蟲防治與抗藥性管理目標

Studies on the Physicochemical Changes of Monascus Egg product

利用紅麴菌發酵所產生的酵素、香味物質等，除可使產品具有特殊的風味及顏色，還含有monacolin K、monascidin和其他尚未證實的生物活性物質。本研究擬探討三種不同配方製做之紅糟（Monascus chiu-niang）對於紅麴蛋製造過程中理化學變化的影響，進而評估紅麴蛋的最佳製作方法，以開發一為台灣民眾所接受之紅麴醃漬蛋產品。 紅糟之可滴定酸度，在60天之醃漬期中會隨著天數的增加而有上升的情形；三種紅糟其pH值在紅麴蛋醃漬期間維持在4.58~5.81之間，且配方I.之pH值均低於其他配方（p<0.05），60天後pH值均有上升之情形。配方I.在第0天時酒精含量達8.35％，為三種配方中酒精含量最高者，隨著時間的增加，配方I.之酒精含量於第15天時下降至7.43％，之後維持在7.43~7.61之間。而配方III.與配方I.在醃漬期間其酒精含量亦有逐漸下降之趨勢。 至於紅麴蛋醃漬期間蛋殼有逐漸變薄及變軟之情形，且蛋殼裂紋會逐漸變大。本試驗中，醃漬60天後，以配方II之蛋白熟成率最高（67.07％），蛋黃部份則以配方III.有較高之熟成率（26.47％）。各配方蛋白的熟成率均較蛋黃為高。醃漬第60天，各配方紅麴蛋之蛋白熟成率均高於60％。蛋黃及蛋白於醃漬期中，pH值間並無顯著差異（p<0.05）。隨著醃漬時間的增加，蛋黃之食鹽含量有繼續增加的情形，配方III.之蛋黃及蛋白的食鹽含量均高於其他兩者，與紅麴酒釀中食鹽含量較高有關。蛋黃之酒精含量隨著時間而逐漸增加，至第60天時，各配方蛋黃之酒精含量為1.18~1.87％，均較蛋白含量低，各配方之間亦無顯著差異（p<0.05）。三種配方製作之紅麴蛋，其蛋白和蛋黃之桔黴素的含量，均有隨著醃漬天數增加而升高的趨勢，但低於紅糟中之桔黴素含量，其含量均小於1 ppm。 針對醃漬60天後之紅麴蛋製進行嗜好性品評分析。在40位品評員9分制的試驗下。配方III之蛋白及蛋黃其整體總接受度均獲得較高的分數。The purpose of this study was to use anka ( red Chinese rice; Monascus species) starter to prepare 3 formulas of chiu-niang （formula I, II and III）used in manufacturing flavored Monascus duck’s egg products（Monascus eggs）. In addition to reveal the physicochemical changes in Monascus eggs during pickling period, the changes of components and enzymatic activity in Monascus chiu-niang was also explored, for the purpose to develop a new processing procedure of pickled duck’s egg product. The general compositions of Monascus chiu-niang after 5 or 10 fermentated days before manufacturing Monascus eggs were sweet taste. Moisture of formula I、II and III were 52.64, 54.49 and 42.59％, pH values were 4.58, 4.84 and 5.43, titratable acidity were 0.14, 0.25 and 0.14％, alcoholicity were 8.35, 7.17 and 4.49％, salinity were 10.84, 14.65 and 14.98％, acid protease activity were 8.26, 5.40 and 3.49 units/g and the citrinin contents were 482.42, 386.80 and 285.04 ppb respectively. To study the properties of chiu-niang, salt was added to simulate the pickled environment of Monascus eggs. During the pickling period of Monascus eggs, as the results showed, the moisture, pH values and acid protease activity increased within 15 days, and then was stable till 60 days. The alcoholicity and salinity decreased gradually during the ripening period. But citrinin and titratable acidity increased respectively. The citrinin concentrations of Monascus chiu-niang in formula I and II were more than 600 ppb and all Monascus chiu-niang were higer than Monascus eggs（234~524 ppb）. The uncooked duck’s eggs with clean and cracked shell were preserved with 3 formulas of rpickled Monascus chiu-niang individually. After pickling at 30℃ for 60 days, the results showed the egg shells of duck in each formula coagulated by acids and alcohol. All the egg yolks were coagulated gradually and egg whites were hydrolyzed by acid and alcohol in each pickled Monascus chiu-niang formula. The results of analyzing the total nitrogen and soluble nitrogen contents showed that the maximum ripening ration of egg white and yolk were formula II and III, respectively. Comparison of sensory evaluation of cooked （100℃,10 min）Monascus eggs indicated that the egg white and yolk of formula III had the highest overall acceptability than other formula preserved products. However, whether yolk or white, the concentrations of citrinin were raised as pickling days increased.目 錄 壹、中文摘要……………………………………………………………………1 貳、緒言……………………………………………………………2 參、文獻檢討………………………………………………………3 一、古今有關紅麴之功效及記載 ……………………….3 二、紅麴之菌種特性………………………………………5 三、紅麴菌代謝物之特性…………………………………6 四、紅麴中的黴菌毒素- 桔黴素(citrinin) …………15 五、紅麴之製作技術…..……………………………….16 六、紅麴菌及其代謝產物在食品之應用……………….18 七、酒釀………………………………………………...22 八、蛋品加工利用……….……………………..……..27 九、鴨蛋的構造及化學組成…………………………...30 十、糟蛋之生產………………………………………...30 十一、發酵食品在發酵期間一般成份的變化………...38 肆、材料與方法………………………………………………...41 . 一、紅糟(Monascus chiu-niang)部分…………….……41 二、紅麴蛋(Monascus egg)部分…………………......50 伍、結果與討論………………………………………………...57 . 一、紅糟(Monascus chiu-niang)部分…………….……57 二、紅麴蛋(Monascus egg)部分……………………….71 陸、結論……………………………………………………....100 柒、參考文獻……………………………………………………101 捌、英文摘要……………………………………………………10