3 research outputs found

    Alfalfa productivity and plateau characteristics in a gully region of the Loess Plateau

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     在长期定位试验的基础上,研究了黄土高原沟壑区粮草轮作中苜蓿产草量及其养分变化特性。结果表明,苜蓿产草量一年生最低,为8 763kg/hm2,3年生产草量达到最高,为12 020kg/hm2,4年生产草量为9 665kg/hm2,开始出现下降。1年生苜蓿对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最低,分别为218kg/hm2,11kg/hm2,105kg/hm2,3年生苜蓿对磷、钾的吸收量最高,分别为23kg/hm2和185kg/hm2,比1年生苜蓿吸磷量高109.1%、吸钾量高76.2%;而4年生苜蓿对氮的吸收量最高,为351kg/hm2,比1年生苜蓿吸氮高61%。土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量逐年增加,有机质由15.60g/kg增至18.26g/kg,全氮由1.20g/kg增至1.50g/kg,碱解氮由64.74mg/kg增至88.02mg/kg;土壤全磷、速效磷及速效钾含量逐年下降,全磷由0.86g/kg降至0.76g/kg,速效磷由14.00mg/kg降至9.27mg/kg,速效钾由70.51mg/kg降至54.35mg/kg。建议在生产中施适量钾肥满足苜蓿高品质、高产量的需要。Abstract:Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)plant yield and nutrient change characteristics of forage crop rotation werestudied in a long-term experiment in the gully region of the Loess Plateau.The one-year Medicago yield was8 763kg/ha(the lowest)and the three-year Medicago yield was 12 020kg/ha(the highest)but the four-yearyield fell to 9 665kg/ha.The N,P,K uptake(218,11,105kg/ha respectively)in one-year Medicago was thelowest.The P,K uptake of three-year Medicago was the highest(23kg/ha and 185kg/ha respectively)andcompared with one-year Medicago,the P uptake was 109.1%higher and the K uptake was 76.2%higher.TheN uptake of four-year Medicago was the highest,about 351kg/ha,which was 61%higher than one-year Medicago.Soil organic matter,total nitrogen and alkali solution nitrogen content increased each year,organic matter increased form 15.60to 18.26g/kg,total nitrogen increased from 1.20to 1.50g/kg,and alkali solution nitrogen increased from 64.74to 88.02mg/kg.However,soil total phosphorus,available phosphorus and potassium declined each year.Total phosphorus fell from 0.86to 0.76g/kg,available phosphorus fell from 14.00to9.27mg/kg,rapidly-available potassium fell from 70.51to 54.35mg/kg.Consequently,the optimum amountof potash in production fertilizer is needed to meet the needs of high quality and high production of afalf

    Soil Fertility Numerical Value Comprehensive Evaluation of

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    &nbsp;在长期轮作与施肥定位试验基础上,对黄土高原沟壑区不同轮作系统土壤肥力进行数值化综合评价。以休闲地为对照,分析比较长期定位条件下苜蓿连作、玉米连作、小麦连作、玉米小麦轮作及粮豆3年轮作的土壤容重、养分含量及酶活性,应用相关性分析及模糊数学原理对长期定位施肥的土壤肥力进行数值化综合评价。结果表明:(1)除苜蓿连作土壤过松外,玉米连作、小麦连作、玉米小麦轮作及粮豆3年轮作土壤松紧度适宜,苜蓿连作土壤养分含量远高于玉米连作、小麦连作、玉米小麦轮作及粮豆3年轮作,苜蓿连作的土壤酶活性也较高。不论是连作还是轮作,长期定位施肥后的土壤松紧度、养分含量及土壤酶活性均明显高于休闲地。(2)苜蓿连作、玉米连作、小麦连作、玉米小麦轮作及粮豆3年轮作IFI分别为86.47、56.36、64.13、64.67、63.08,均显著高于休闲地(IFI 39.49)。苜蓿连作的土壤肥力水平显著高于玉米连作、小麦连作、玉米小麦轮作及粮豆3年轮作。(3)提出土壤肥力数值化综合评价时土壤容重的隶属度函数计算方法。因此,轮作能提高土壤养分含量,促进土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾含量的积累,是提高土壤肥力水平的主要途径;不同作物及轮作</span

    Effects of different conservation tillage measures on spring maize yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau

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    在黄土区春玉米地实施免耕和传统耕作的基础上,研究了秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖、秸秆地膜双覆盖以及不覆盖下春玉米产量和土壤肥力的变化。结果表明:传统耕作下不覆盖的产量为6 212.75 kg/hm2,秸秆覆盖比不覆盖增产45.67%,地膜覆盖增产47.24%,秸秆地膜双覆盖增产幅度可达73.24%;免耕下秸秆覆盖比不覆盖仅增产了3.07%,地膜覆盖产量增加了28.91%,秸秆地膜双覆盖增产38.74%。不覆盖时免耕较传统耕作增产19.69%,秸秆覆盖下免耕的产量比传统耕作减少了15.31%。在同一耕作方式下水分利用效率表现为秸秆地膜双覆盖&gt;地膜覆盖&gt;秸秆覆盖&gt;不覆盖,相同覆盖时免耕水分利用效率比传统耕作平均降低了11.56%。秸秆覆盖土壤有机质含量较不覆盖平均增加了0.62 g/kg,地膜覆盖则降低了0.30 g/kg。地膜覆盖速效磷含量最低,较不覆盖平均下降了2.93 mg/kg。免耕时土壤速效钾含量较传统耕作增加了9.54 mg/kg,而全磷含量与传统耕作的差异最小
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