Research on the Feasibility of Using Domestic Wastewater Irrigating Green Lands

本文提出“采用生活污水浇灌绿地”的新思路，拟采用化学强化一级处理和消毒的方法对生活污水进行预处理后浇灌绿地，其工艺流程如下：生活污水—去除悬浮物—消毒—绿地浇灌本文通过对以下三方面的主要问题的研究，探讨该方法的可行性：（1）采用生活污水浇灌绿地是否引起植物生长不良；（2）生活污水浇灌绿地是否污染绿地土壤；（3）生活污水浇灌绿地是否污染地下水。通过近10个月的模拟绿地浇灌试验，研究结果表明：（1）采用生活污水浇灌绿地不但不对绿地的植物生长产生不良影响，相反还促进了植物的生长发育；（2）生活污水浇灌绿地后，绿地土壤并没有产生重金属的累积，因此认为绿地土壤不会受到污染；（3）绿地土壤对浇灌的污水具有...The thesis put forward a new method of using domestic wastewater to irrigate the green lands. In research we use “Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment” and “Disinfection” as pre-treatment. The process are following. domestic wastewater — Treatment for removing SS — Disinfection — Green lands irrigation The thesis studied on the feasibility of using domestic wastewater to irrigate the green ...学位：工学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境工程学号：20033403

Research on the Feasibility of Using Coagulation-filtration to Treat Living Wastewater for Green Land Irrigation

通过小型模拟试验,研究采用“混凝过滤”方法处理后的生活污水浇灌园林绿地后,对绿地植物生长及环境安全产生的影响。研究表明:生活污水经混凝过滤去除悬浮物后浇灌绿地,不但补充了水分,还为植物提供了一定的营养成分,使植物生长茂盛。生活污水经过80 cm厚的土壤层净化后,其悬浮物、氨氮、无机磷、有机物(CODCr)的去除率分别为84%、97%、90%、68.7%,下渗水的浊度平均为0.5 NTU,氨氮、磷酸盐、有机物(CODCr)平均浓度分别为0.4 mg.L-1、0.06 mg.L-1、13.7 mg.L-1,不会对地下水造成污染。The feasibility of using living wastewater treated by the way of coagulation-filtration to irrigate the green lands was studied in this paper.It was found the water filtered by an 80-cm-thick soil layer was substantially purified.97% NH~+_4-N and 74% COD_(Cr) were removed resulting in an average final concentration of 0.4mg/L NH~+_4-N,13.7 mg·L~(-1) COD_(Cr),0.06 mg·L~(1) phosphate,and 0.5 NTU nephelometery,which was acceptable to the receiving levels of underground water.From the point of water resources recycling,this method is a promising way to reuse living wastewater for green land irrigation

Comparison of the determination of TP and TN using national seawater method and surface water method

应用国家的海水分析方法(流动注射分析法)和地表水分析方法测定珠江口不同盐度的海水样品中的总磷和总氮,分别进行精密度试验和准确度试验,并对两种国标方法进行比较。实验结果表明,两种方法无显著性差异。流动注射法适用于任何盐度海水中总磷和总氮的测定,且方法具有检出限低、环保、高效等优点。The concentrations of total phosphorus( TP) and nitrogen( TN) in different salinity samples in Pearl River estuary were determined by using national seawater analytical method and surface water analytical method,respectively. The accuracy and precision of the two methods were investigated,and the concentrations of TN and TP in different salinity were compared by using the two methods. The experimental results indicated that the two methods showed no significant difference. But the seawater analytical method by using flow injection( FI) showed lower detection limit,more environment friendly and higher efficiency than that of the surface water analytical method.国家海洋局环保司2011年度《珠江口海洋环境质量综合评价方法》(DOMEP(MEA)-03-01);; 国家自然科学基金青年基金(41406093);; 广东省教育厅科技创新项目(2013KJCX0103);; 广东省科技计划项目(2013B090600033

Species Composition and Abundance Distribution of Meso- and Micro-copepods and Their Relationships with Environmental Factors During Dry and Wet Seasons in the Pearl River Estuary

中小型桡足类是河口区浮游动物的重要组成部分.根据珠江口枯水期(2013年11月)和丰水期(2014年8月)24个站位的调查资料,对中小型桡足类种; 类组成、丰度分布和优势种等特征进行了研究.枯水期和丰水期中小型桡足类分别出现60和40种,以河口和近岸类群为主.根据表层盐度变化将珠江口分为Ⅰ、; Ⅱ、Ⅲ区,桡足类种类分布具有显著的河口特征,枯水期和丰水期盐度均为Ⅲ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区.相关性分析结果显示,桡足类种类数与盐度呈极显著正相关.桡足类; 丰度时空分布差异显著,丰水期(10 809. 05 ind/${{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}$)显著高于枯水期(1 371. 20; ind/${{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}$),且在2个水期均以I区丰度最高.强额孔雀哲水蚤(Parvocalanus; crassirostris)和中华异水蚤(Acartiella; sinensis)在2个水期均为主要优势种,其空间分布亦与盐度密切相关.研究结果表明盐度是影响珠江口中小型桡足类种群结构的关键非生物环境因子.Meso- and micro-copepods are the major species of estuarine zooplankton.; Based on investigations of 24 stations in the Pearl River Estuary in; November 2013 (dry season) and August 2014 (wet season),the species; composition,abundance distribution and dominant species of meso- and; micro-copepods were studied.Results showed that there were 60 and 40; copepod species identified in the dry and wet season,respectively,mostly; belonging to the estuarine and neritic groups.In our study,the Pearl; River Estuary was divided into three regions according to its surface; salinity.The Distributions of species number in both dry and wet seasons; were Region Ⅲ >Region Ⅱ >Region I,displaying a remarkable characteristic; estuarine distribution.The species number of copepod was significantly; correlated with salinity.The abundance of copepod was found varying with; time and geographic locations.The average copepod abundance in the wet; season (10 809. 05 ind/${{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}$) was much higher than in; the dry season (1 371. 20 ind/${{\rm{m}}^{\rm{3}}}$), and in both; seasons Region I had the highest copepod abundance.Moreover, the two; copepods of Parvocalanus crassirostris and Acartiella sinensis were; found dominant in both seasons,and their distributions were; significantly correlated with salinity.In conclusion,salinity was the; key abiotic factor influencing copepod population structure in the Pearl; River Estuary.广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室2015年开放课

Study on a Cosmic-ray-produced Silicon-32 as a Tracer for Ocean Processes

32SI是一种宇生放射性核素,半衰期约150年。由于其来源单一、生产速率相对恒定,并具有与稳定硅相同的化学和生物特性,一直被视为研究50~1 000年尺度海洋过程的一个理想的计时钟和示踪剂。本文介绍了32SI在海洋学的应用,主要包括示踪近岸和大洋水体的混合,河口和大洋中硅的地球化学行为和循环,深海海底颗粒物的混合,及利用其计算沉积速率/混合速率,建立年代序列来反映环境变化的信息。The isotope silicon-32,with a half-life of approximately 150 years,is a cosmic-ray-produced radioactive nuclide in the atmosphere.Due to its single source and the relatively constant production rate,silicon-32 with its chemical and biological characteristics like the other stable silicon isotopes always has been seen as an ideal clock and tracer which has the potential to fill the dating time-gap and to understand marine from50 to 1 000 years geochemical-geophysical processes,e.g.the seawater mixing process in offshore and ocean,the geochemistry and cycle of silica in estuary and ocean,the particles mixing process in the deep sea bed,as well as the estimation of the sediment depo-sition rate and the establishment of the time-sequence to reflect the past marine environmental changes.国家海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(201105003

《中国植被志》的植被分类系统、植被类型划分及编排体系

植被志(vegegraphy)是基于植被调查资料,全面记叙植被的群落外貌、种类组成、结构和功能、生境条件,以及地理分布等特征,并对同类植被进行归纳和总结的志书。"植被志"的英文译为"vegegraphy",是本文的新造词,它是由"vegetation"的词头"vege-"和英文后缀"-graphy"(记叙之意)组成的合成词。《中国植被志》的研编是一项时间紧迫、内容复杂、工作量浩繁的重大科学工程。它的完成将极大提升中国植被科学和生态学的研究水平,并为中国植被资源的合理利用、生物多样性保护及生态环境治理等提供不可或缺的基础资料。本文首先简述了植被的基本特征(主要包括外貌特征、种类组成、群落结构以及动态变化等)和国内外植被调查的进展情况,简要回顾了中国植被分类系统的研究历史,并对以往的分类系统进行了若干修订。在此基础上,着重讨论并提出了《中国植被志》卷册编排体系和用于《中国植被志》研编的植被类型划分方案。在对植被分类系统的修订方面,主要对高级分类单位及相对应的英文名称进行了讨论和修订。按照本文修订的分类系统,中国植被的分类单位及其对应的英文名称分别是:植被型组(Vegetation Formation Group)、植被型(Vegetation Formation)和植被亚型(Vegetation Subformation)、群系组(Alliance Group)、群系(Alliance)和亚群系(Suballiance)、群丛组(Association Group)以及群丛(Association)。在植被型组中,划分为9类:森林、灌丛、草本植被、荒漠、高山冻原与稀疏植被、沼泽与水生植被、农业植被、城市植被及无植被地段。关于《中国植被志》的卷册编排和"植被类型"划分,首先按高级分类单位——植被型划分相应的"卷";在此框架下,模糊"植被亚型"、"群系组"和"群系"的概念,确定"植被类型"(Vegetation type),并将其作为植被志各卷中的"册"。这样处理不仅保证了研编工作的可操作性,也保持了同一卷册中特定植被类型的完整性。《中国植被志》编排体系中的"植被类型"的划分很重要,它是指具有相同建群种及相同优势类群(如种、属)的植被组合,但它不是严格意义上的植被分类单位。"植被类型"的划分遵循"优势类群及生活型的同一性,生境条件的相对重要性,植被特征及用途的差异性,以及突出植被志的应用性"等原则。按该编排体系,《中国植被志》将由48卷约110册组成

中国植被分类系统修订方案

为了推动《中国植被志》研编工作,该文回顾了中国植被分类系统的发展过程和主要阶段性成果,提出了作为《中国植被志》研编技术框架组成部分的中国植被分类系统修订方案,对各植被型组及各植被型进行了简单定义和描述,并针对中国植被分类系统若干问题,特别就中国植被分类系统总体框架、混交林的界定以及土壤在植被分类中的重要性等问题进行了讨论。1960年侯学煜在《中国的植被》中首次提出了中国植被分类的原则和系统,1980年出版的《中国植被》制定了分类等级和划分依据等更加完善的系统,之后《中国植被及其地理格局——中华人民共和国1:1 000 000植被图说明书》和《中国植物区系与植被地理》以及很多省区的植被专著对该系统进行过修订。2017年宋永昌在《植被生态学》中提出了一个分类等级单位调整的方案。本次提出的中国植被分类系统修订方案基本沿用《中国植被》的植被分类原则、分类单位及系统,采用"植物群落学-生态学"分类原则,主要以植物群落特征及其与环境的关系作为分类依据,包含三级主要分类单位,即植被型(高级单位)、群系(中级单位)和群丛(低级单位);在三个主要分类单位之上分别增加辅助单位植被型组、群系组和群丛组,在植被型和群系之下主要根据群落的生态差异和实际需要可再增加植被亚型或亚群系。修订方案包含了森林、灌丛、草本植被(草地)、荒漠、高山冻原与稀疏植被、沼泽与水生植被(湿地)、农业植被、城市植被和无植被地段9个植被型组,划分为48个植被型(含30个自然植被型、12个农业植被型、5个城市植被型和无植被地段)。自然植被中有23个植被型进一步划分出了81个植被亚型

《中国植被志》研编内容与规范

植被志是基于植被(或植物群落)调查资料,全面记叙植被的外貌、物种组成、结构和功能,以及地理分布和生境条件等特征,并对同类植被进行归纳和总结的志书。《中国植被志》是第一部对中国植被进行全面记述的志书,预计完成约48卷110册。在借鉴《中国植被》(1980)(简称"80方案")植被分类基本原则的基础上,《中国植被志》将对中国植被分类系统的高级分类单位(植被型组、植被型和植被亚型)进行归纳和总结,对中级和低级分类单位(群系组、群系、亚群系,群丛组、群丛)进行详细描述。植被高级分类单位的描述具有概括性质,是在中国植被分类系统中级和低级分类单位描述的基础上,对其在全球和中国境内的地理分布、自然环境、群落外貌、植被类型及多样性、优势种或共优势种、生物多样性保育价值以及资源现状等进行概述,并对"80方案"相关内容进行修订和拓展,将提供对中国植被基本特征客观、准确的记述。在植被中级和低级分类单位中,群系组描述的内容包括地理分布、自然环境、群落外貌、植被类型以及价值与保育等内容;群系描述的主要内容包括地理分布、自然环境、生态特征、物种组成、群落结构、群丛组和群丛的分类与描述、优势种的生物学特性、生物量与生产力、植被动态与演替以及价值与保育等方面。作为植被志研编的核心内容,群丛组和群丛的分类与描述主要基于植被调查资料,采用数量分类方法,根据群落结构和物种组成的差异划分出不同的植被类型,并对其基本特征进行定量描述和归纳。其中,群落的层片结构、特定植被分类单元的特征种或特征种组的筛选与甄别是植被类型划分的关键环节;而群落外貌,群落结构,物种组成,各类物种的生长习性、生境的偏适性等是群丛组和群丛描述与归纳的重点内容。该文提出了中国植被中级和低级分类单位的命名方案,其特点在于植被类型的科学名称中同时体现了植被分类单元特征种或优势种的名称及其所属的高级植被分类单位(植被型组或植被型)的名称,兼顾了植被名称的规范性与实用性。《中国植被志》的研编工作由文献整编、群落调查、数据分析与整理、文本撰写等环节组成。该文对植被样方的调查与收集,文献收集与整编,气候、土壤、地形等相关数据的来源及其整理方法,植被分类方法,植被命名,植被分类单元描述的内容,植被志章节编写大纲、体裁及撰写等多个规范进行了详细的阐述或示例

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel